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    Single Phase Induction Motor

    Uploaded by

    Kh Muhammad Mashood
    Single phase induction motors use a single phase AC supply to power the stator. They have two windings arranged perpendicularly and use a squirrel cage rotor. They are not self-starting due to the non-rotating alternating field. Starting mechanisms include split phase windings, capacitors, and shaded poles to generate a rotating field. Speed control is achieved by varying the stator frequency, number of poles, or applied voltage using autotransformers or resistors. The document discusses the basic theories, starting mechanisms, speed control methods, and circuit modeling of single phase induction motors.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Single Phase Induction Motor

    Uploaded by

    Kh Muhammad Mashood
    358 views25 pages
    Single phase induction motors use a single phase AC supply to power the stator. They have two windings arranged perpendicularly and use a squirrel cage rotor. They are not self-starting due to the non-rotating alternating field. Starting mechanisms include split phase windings, capacitors, and shaded poles to generate a rotating field. Speed control is achieved by varying the stator frequency, number of poles, or applied voltage using autotransformers or resistors. The document discusses the basic theories, starting mechanisms, speed control methods, and circuit modeling of single phase induction motors.

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    Single Phase Induction Motor.pptx

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    Single phase induction motors use a single phase AC supply to power the stator. They have two windings arranged perpendicularly and use a squirrel cage rotor. They are not self-starting due to the non-rotating alternating field. Starting mechanisms include split phase windings, capacitors, and shaded poles to generate a rotating field. Speed control is achieved by varying the stator frequency, number of poles, or applied voltage using autotransformers or resistors. The document discusses the basic theories, starting mechanisms, speed control methods, and circuit modeling of single phase induction motors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    358 views25 pages

    Single Phase Induction Motor

    Uploaded by

    Kh Muhammad Mashood
    Single phase induction motors use a single phase AC supply to power the stator. They have two windings arranged perpendicularly and use a squirrel cage rotor. They are not self-starting due to the non-rotating alternating field. Starting mechanisms include split phase windings, capacitors, and shaded poles to generate a rotating field. Speed control is achieved by varying the stator frequency, number of poles, or applied voltage using autotransformers or resistors. The document discusses the basic theories, starting mechanisms, speed control methods, and circuit modeling of single phase induction motors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 25
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that single phase induction motors use a squirrel cage rotor and AC supply to produce a rotating magnetic field that induces current in the rotor to generate torque. However, they are not self-starting and require additional mechanisms like split phase windings or capacitors to produce a rotating field at startup.

    The two basic theories are the double revolving field theory and the cross-field theory. The double revolving field theory explains that the magnetic field produced can be divided into two components that revolve in opposite directions, generating torque. The cross-field theory is concerned with the voltages and currents induced in the rotor bars by the stationary magnetic field as the rotor moves.

    The starting mechanisms discussed are split phase winding motors, capacitor start motors, permanent split capacitor motors, capacitor start capacitor run motors, and shaded pole motors.

    Single Phase Induction Motor

    Kh. Muhammad Mashood (05220)


    Khawaja Muhammad Abdul Rahman (04614)
    Mohammad Awais Zaheer (06706)
    Introduction
    • Single Phase induction motor is a type of
    induction motor which uses single phase AC
    supply to stator.
    • The single-phase motor stator has a
    laminated iron core with two windings
    arranged perpendicularly. Main and
    Auxiliary Windings.
    • The motor uses a squirrel cage rotor, which
    has a laminated iron core with slots.
    • Single phase motors are not self starting.
    • Alternating field is different from rotating
    filed.
    Basic Theories
    • There are two basic theories which explain why a torque is produced
    in the rotor once it is turning:
    • Double revolving field theory
    • Cross-field theory
    Double Revolving Field Theory
    • A single-phase AC current supplies the
    main winding that produces a pulsating
    magnetic field.
    • 𝐵 𝑎 = 𝐵𝑚𝑎𝑥 sin(𝑤𝑡) cos(𝑎)
    • It can be divided into two components
    1
    • 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 = 𝐵𝑚𝑎𝑥 sin(𝑤𝑡 − 𝑎)
    2
    1
    • 𝐶. 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 = 𝐵𝑚𝑎𝑥 sin(𝑤𝑡 + 𝑎)
    2
    • The interaction between the fields and the
    current induced in the rotor bars generates
    opposing torque.
    Cross-Field Theory
    • This theory is concerned with the
    voltages and currents that the
    stationary stator magnetic field can
    induce in the bars of the rotor
    when the rotor is moving.
    Starting Mechanism
    Many mechanism adopted for this purpose.
    Some are discussed here
    • Split Phase Winding Motor
    • Capacitor Start Motors
    • Permanent Split Capacitor Motor
    • Capacitor Start Capacitor Run Motor
    • Shaded Pole Motor
    Split Phase Winding Motor
    • Higher resistance and higher impedance
    of auxiliary winding.
    • Greater R/X ratio for Auxiliary Winding.
    • Current leading in the auxiliary winding
    • Centrifugal Switch changes state at 75% of
    the rated speed
    • Moderater starting torque and low
    starting current
    Capacitor Start Motors

    • Starting torque can be more than 300% of the


    rated
    • High starting torque
    • Used in compressor, pumps, air conditioners
    etc.
    Permanent Split Capacitor Motor
    • Simpler than capacitor-start motor
    • Permanent capacitor made it to act like three
    phase induction motor
    • Lower starting torque
    • Starting current much greater than normal load
    current.
    • Capacitor does not balance the phase under
    conditions.
    Capacitor Start Capacitor Run Motor
    • High starting torque
    • Run Capacitor is typically 10 to 20 percent of the
    size of the starting capacitor
    • Power factor nearly equal to unity
    • Used in refrigerator units, compressors etc.
    Shaded Pole Motor
    • Instead of having auxiliary winding it has salient
    poles
    • Less starting torque
    Efficient Starting Mechanism
    Based on the starting and running characteristics the list from best to worst is;
    1. Capacitor-start, capacitor-run motor
    2. Capacitor-start motor
    3. Permanent Split-capacitor motor
    4. Split-phase motor
    5. Shaded-pole Motor
    Working
    SPEED CONTROL (Squirrel-cage motor):
    1. Vary stator frequency
    2. Change number of poles
    3. Change applied terminal voltage

    Terminal voltage changed using


    1. Autotransformers
    2. SRC or TRIAC circuit
    3. Resistor in series with stator circuit
    Working
    SPEED CONTROL (Shaded-pole motor):
    • stator winding itself is used as an autotransformer
    • when full line voltage "V" is applied across the entire main winding,
    • the motor operates normally since
    • it is getting its required terminal voltage across
    the whole stator windings
    • when full line voltage "V" is applied across tap 2,
    • an identical voltage V will be induced in the upper half
    of the winding by transformer action
    • total winding voltage will be twice the applied voltage,
    • i.e. 2V
    Working
    The smaller the fraction of the coil that the line voltage is applied across,
    the greater the total voltage will be across the whole winding, and the higher the
    speed of the motor will be for a given load
    Working
    • Advantages:
    • Inexpensive
    • Only taps and an ordinary multi-position switch needed
    • Power efficient
    • Lesser power consumption as compared to resistor
    • Standard approach for numerous fan & blower applications
    Working
    Circuit model
    • Based on double-revolving-field theory
    • When rotor is stalled
    • Motor appears to be a single-phase transformer with its secondary shorted
    out
    • When rotor turns
    • Auxiliary winding
    • Effective rotor resistance depends
    on relative motion b/w rotor &
    stator magnetic fields
    Working
    • However, in this case we have two magnetic
    fields
    • For the forward magnetic field, per-unit
    difference between rotor speed and
    magnetic field speed is slip s
    • Forward magnetic field rotates at n-sync,
    whereas reverse magnetic field rotates at -
    (n-sync)
    • Per-unit difference 2 (2*n-sync)
    • Rotor's speed is ‘s’ slower than forward
    magnetic field
    • Difference b/w rotor and reverse magnetic
    field = (2 - s)
    Relations
    • Same relations that applied for three phase motor also apply for both forward
    and backward components of single phase motor
    • Net power and torque is the difference
    b/w forward and backward components
    Relations
    Relations
    Conclusions
    • Least efficient then 3 phase induction motor.
    • Not self starting
    • Direction of Rotation cannot be reversed without some changes
    • Non rotating type alternating flux in single phase induction motor.
    Current research areas
    • Alternating starting mechanism
    Solid State Electronic Drivers (uses silicon controlled rectifiers)
    this mechanism can be used with PID (Proportional Intergral
    Derivative) Control Techniques to provide rotor speed regulation for
    wind and solar powered SPIMs.
    References
    • http://www.industrial-electronics.com/elecy4_22.html
    • http://www.electrical4u.com/single-phase-induction-motor/
    • http://www.electrical4u.com/types-of-single-phase-induction-motor/
    • Electric Machinery Fundamentals, 4th Edition, Stephen J. Chapman
    • http://www.slideshare.net/vijayraskar2003/1phase-induction-
    motors?related=1
    Suggestions
    • The lab handouts should be more elaborative.
    • The labs should be not so long that student always run to complete
    the lab and don’t bother to learn.

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