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    Dyslexia

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    Rycris Mae Dela Peña
    The document discusses reading disabilities like dyslexia. It notes that reading difficulties exist on a continuum, from those with diagnosed learning disabilities to a larger group needing targeted assistance. Dyslexia specifically is defined as a brain-based impairment in reading ability despite normal intelligence. It affects 5-17% of the population and can be inherited. The document outlines different types of dyslexia and treatments, noting that while there is no cure, techniques can help those with dyslexia learn. The most important part of treatment is maintaining a positive attitude.

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    Dyslexia

    Uploaded by

    Rycris Mae Dela Peña
    182 views37 pages
    The document discusses reading disabilities like dyslexia. It notes that reading difficulties exist on a continuum, from those with diagnosed learning disabilities to a larger group needing targeted assistance. Dyslexia specifically is defined as a brain-based impairment in reading ability despite normal intelligence. It affects 5-17% of the population and can be inherited. The document outlines different types of dyslexia and treatments, noting that while there is no cure, techniques can help those with dyslexia learn. The most important part of treatment is maintaining a positive attitude.

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    The document discusses reading disabilities like dyslexia. It notes that reading difficulties exist on a continuum, from those with diagnosed learning disabilities to a larger group needing targeted assistance. Dyslexia specifically is defined as a brain-based impairment in reading ability despite normal intelligence. It affects 5-17% of the population and can be inherited. The document outlines different types of dyslexia and treatments, noting that while there is no cure, techniques can help those with dyslexia learn. The most important part of treatment is maintaining a positive attitude.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    182 views37 pages

    Dyslexia

    Uploaded by

    Rycris Mae Dela Peña
    The document discusses reading disabilities like dyslexia. It notes that reading difficulties exist on a continuum, from those with diagnosed learning disabilities to a larger group needing targeted assistance. Dyslexia specifically is defined as a brain-based impairment in reading ability despite normal intelligence. It affects 5-17% of the population and can be inherited. The document outlines different types of dyslexia and treatments, noting that while there is no cure, techniques can help those with dyslexia learn. The most important part of treatment is maintaining a positive attitude.

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    You are on page 1of 37
    At a glance
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    There is a wide range of reading difficulties, from diagnosed learning disabilities to those who need targeted assistance. Dyslexia is a specific brain-based learning disability that impairs reading abilities.

    Primary dyslexia is genetic and persists into adulthood. Secondary or developmental dyslexia improves with age. There are also visual, phonological, and verbal praxis types.

    Difficulties with word decoding, reading fluency, spelling, and memorization of sequences. Problems may also include pronunciation and recall of words for speaking/writing.

    READING

    DISABILITIES
     Reading difficulties likely occur on a
    continuum, meaning that there is a wide
    range of students who experience
    reading difficulties.

     There are those students who are


    diagnosed with a learning disability.

     Thereis also an even larger group of


    students who do not have diagnoses but
    who need targeted reading assistance.
    DYSLEXIA
    According to National Institute
    of Neurological Disorders

    Dyslexia is a brain-based type


    of learning disability that
    specifically impairs a person’s
    ability to read.
    These individuals typically
    read at levels significantly
    lower than expected despite
    having normal intelligence.
    In adults, dyslexia usually occurs
    after a brain injury or in the
    context of dementia.
    It can also be inherited in some
    families, and recent studies have
    identified a number of genes that
    may predispose an individual to
    developing dyslexia.
    Dyslexia is a learning disability
    that manifest itself as a difficulty
    with word decoding, reading
    comprehension and/or reading
    fluency.
     It affects between 5-17% of the
    population.
    Dyslexia has been proposed to
    have three cognitive subtypes
    (auditory, visual and attentional).

    Dyslexia and IQ are not


    interrelated, since reading and
    cognition develop independently
    in individuals who have dyslexia.
    “Dyslexia is a reading difficulty in
    a child or adult who otherwise
    has good intelligence, strong
    motivation and adequate
    schooling… Dyslexia reflects a
    problem within the language
    system in the brain”.
    (Shaywitz, 2003)
    In 1887, the word “dyslexia” was
    coined by Berlin, a German doctor,
    from 2 Greek words: Dys (difficulty)
    and Lexia (the use of words).
    Here’s a few simple facts about
    dyslexia:

    The most obvious sign of dyslexia


    is an unexpected difficulty in
    learning to read. If you have never
    heard about dyslexia, such
    children just puzzle you, you
    wonder why they don’t learn.
    Dyslexia is more than just a reading
    problem, it is a syndrome (symptoms
    that often goes together). Problems
    usually include reading, spelling,
    pronunciation, recall of words for
    speaking/writing and memorizing
    sequences.
    Dyslexia is a specific learning
    disability- it affects only one area
    of learning. There appears to be a
    “glitch” in the neural wiring when it
    first laid down during embryonic
    development, but this mis-wiring is
    confined to the specific neural
    system used for reading. A
    dyslexic child is different from a
    “slow learner” (low IQ), who finds
    all kinds of learning difficult.
    Other areas of development are not
    affected and dyslexics demonstrate
    average or even higher levels of
    achievement in activities such as
    drawing and other visual arts, in
    music in drama and in sports. They
    often think in very creative ways and
    may be good problem solvers.
    Studies show that approximately
    10% of school-age children
    experience dyslexic-type difficulties.
    About 4% have problems that are
    severe enough to be a real handicap
    to their learning in a traditional
    classroom.
    Types of
    Dyslexia
    1. Trauma Dyslexia
     Usually occurs after some form of
    brain trauma or injury to the area of
    the brain that controls reading and
    writing.
     It is a permanent brain injury rarely
    seen in today’s school-age population
    because it results from severe head
    injuries.
    2. Primary Dyslexia
    A dysfunction of, rather than damage
    to, the left side of the brain (cerebral
    cortex) and does not change with age.
     Individualswith this type of dyslexia
    are rarely able to read above a fourth-
    grade level and may struggle with
    reading, spelling, and writing as
    adults.
     Primary dyslexia is passed in family
    lines through their genes (hereditary).

     Itis found more often in boys than in


    girls.
    3. Secondary or Development Types
    of Dyslexia
     Isfelt to be caused by hormonal
    development or malnutrition during
    the early stages of fetal development.
     Poor parenting, abuse, neglect,
    and/or poor nutrition during the
    developmental years 0 to 5 are also
    known causes.
     Developmental dyslexia diminishes as
    the child matures.

     It is also more common in boys.


    Types of Dyslexia
    Eligible for Special
    Education Services
    1. Visual Dyslexia
    The result of immature
    development of not only the eyes,
    but the whole process that gets
    information from the eyes to the
    brain.
    2. Phonological (auditory) Dyslexia

    This form of dyslexia involves


    difficulty with sounds of letters or
    groups of letters.
    3. Dyspraxia
     Refersto the learning disability term
    sensor-motor integration and is a
    widely pervasive motor condition
    characterized by impairment or
    immaturity of the organization of
    movement, with associated problems
    of language, perception and thought.
     It is separated into “true dyspraxia” a
    lifelong condition that responds to
    some degree to consistent, early, and
    structured intervention; and
    “developmental dyspraxia” a deficit
    that can be resolved over time with
    appropriate treatment.
    4. Verbal Praxis
     Refersto weaknesses observed in the
    mechanisms of speech production
    such that articulation is impaired and
    expressive language is inhibited.
    5. Dysgraphia

     Aninability to hold or control a pencil


    so that the correct markings can be
    made on paper.
    6. Dyscalculia

     Animpairment of the ability to solve


    mathematical problems, usually
    resulting from brain dysfunction.
    Treatment
    There is no actual cure.
    There are, however, many
    techniques for helping the
    child to learn.
    There are alternative treatment
    options available outside of the
    school setting.
    Although alternative treatments
    are commonly recommended,
    there is limited research
    supporting the effectiveness of
    some treatments.
    The most important aspect of
    any treatment plan for dyslexia
    is ATTITUDE.
    As a consequence, problems
    with self-esteem, depression and
    other emotional concerns that
    usually accompany dyslexia will
    become less of a problem.
    THANK YOU 

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