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    Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes

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    m.osman riaz
    Enzymes are named according to their substrate or reaction type, with the suffix -ase added to the substrate name. There are 6 major enzyme classes: 1) Oxidoreductases transfer hydrogen or electrons, 2) Transferases transfer chemical groups, 3) Hydrolases catalyze hydrolysis reactions, 4) Lyases remove groups, 5) Isomerases catalyze position changes of atoms in a molecule, and 6) Ligases join two molecules together. Examples are given such as dehydrogenases, phosphorylases, proteinases, decarboxylases, phosphoglucomutase, and synthetases.

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    Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes

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    m.osman riaz
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    Enzymes are named according to their substrate or reaction type, with the suffix -ase added to the substrate name. There are 6 major enzyme classes: 1) Oxidoreductases transfer hydrogen or electrons, 2) Transferases transfer chemical groups, 3) Hydrolases catalyze hydrolysis reactions, 4) Lyases remove groups, 5) Isomerases catalyze position changes of atoms in a molecule, and 6) Ligases join two molecules together. Examples are given such as dehydrogenases, phosphorylases, proteinases, decarboxylases, phosphoglucomutase, and synthetases.

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    Sociology notes

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    Sociology - Notes

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    Enzymes are named according to their substrate or reaction type, with the suffix -ase added to the substrate name. There are 6 major enzyme classes: 1) Oxidoreductases transfer hydrogen or electrons, 2) Transferases transfer chemical groups, 3) Hydrolases catalyze hydrolysis reactions, 4) Lyases remove groups, 5) Isomerases catalyze position changes of atoms in a molecule, and 6) Ligases join two molecules together. Examples are given such as dehydrogenases, phosphorylases, proteinases, decarboxylases, phosphoglucomutase, and synthetases.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    76 views9 pages

    Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes

    Uploaded by

    m.osman riaz
    Enzymes are named according to their substrate or reaction type, with the suffix -ase added to the substrate name. There are 6 major enzyme classes: 1) Oxidoreductases transfer hydrogen or electrons, 2) Transferases transfer chemical groups, 3) Hydrolases catalyze hydrolysis reactions, 4) Lyases remove groups, 5) Isomerases catalyze position changes of atoms in a molecule, and 6) Ligases join two molecules together. Examples are given such as dehydrogenases, phosphorylases, proteinases, decarboxylases, phosphoglucomutase, and synthetases.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    (Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes)

    Enzymes are named according to the substrate they complex with or the type o
    reaction they catalysed. During classification the usual practice is to add
    suffix –ase to the name of substrate.

    Thus the enzymes cellulose, arginase and tyrosinase are named because their
    substrate cellulose arginine and tyrosine.
    In 1961 a systematic nomenclature for enzyme was recommended by a
    commission of international union of Biochemistry.
    The enzyme are placed into 6 groups according to the general type of reaction
    which they catalyse.
    The common name of the enzymes consists of
    1) the name of substrate acted upon the enzyme
    2) the type of reaction catalysed
    3) Suffix-ase
    Classification of Enzyme

    Major classes of enzyme are based on their types of


    reactions that are following
    1. Oxidoreductases
    2. Transerases
    3. Hydrolases
    4. Lyases
    5. Isomerases
    6. Ligases
    Oxidoreductases:
    (Oxidation-Reduction Enzymes)

    These enzymes that transfer H and O atoms. There are two types of these enzymes.

    General reaction:
    (A-) + B A +(B-)
    (A is the reductant e- donor and B is the oxidant e- Acceptor)
    Pi + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD+ NADH + (H+) + 1,3- bisphosphoglycerate

    1). Dehydrogenases:
    These involves transfer of hydrogen.
    CH3CHO + NADH2 CH3CH2OH +N
    (acetaldehye) (Ethyl Alcohol)

    2). Reductases:
    This involves transfer of electrons to Oxygen.
    Reduced Cytochrome + 0.5O2 Cytochrome + H2O
    Transferases:
    These are enzymes that catalyse transfer of a specific group from a donor molecule to an
    acceptor molecule.

    These may be
    1) Methyl 2) Acyl 3) Amino 4) Phosphate
    transferases may be
     1) Transminases:

    These transfer amino group.It catalyzes a type of reaction between an


    amino acid and an alpha keto acid .They are important in synthesis of amino
    acids which form proteins.

    2). Phosphorylases:
    These add inorganic phosphate.

    phosphorylase
    Glycogen + Pi Glucose 1-Phosphate
    Hydrolases:
    These enzymes catalyse the addition of water.
    E.g AB +H20 AOH+BH

    Types of Hydrolases
    1)Proteinases 2) Ribonucleases 3) Deoxyribonucleases 4) Lipases

    1) Proteinases:
    Hydrolyse protein by breaking peptide bonds.
    2) Ribonucleases
    Hydrolyse R.N.A
    3) Deoxyribonucleases
    Reponsible for hydrolysis of D.N.A.
    4) Lipases
    This hyrdrolyse fats.
    4) Lyases:
    Removal of groups from substrate
    Types:
    1) Decarboxylases 2) Carboxylases

    1) Decarboxylases :
    That remove CO2 e.g,
    decarboxylase
    CH3COCOOH CH3CHO+CO2
    2) Carboxylases:
    That add CO2.
    RuBP +H2O +CO2 2GP (in presence of RuBP Carboxylase)
    5). Isomerases:
    Enzymes which are responsible for intramolecule arrangement.

    phosphoglucomutase
     Glucose 1- Phosphate glucose 6- Phosphate
    6)Ligases:
    these enzyme join two molecules by the synthesis of new C-C, C-N, C-S bonds.

    Types:
    1) Synthetases 2) Polymerases

    1) Synthetases:
    That Catalyze synthesis of R.N.A

    2) Polymerases:
    These are responsible of linking monomers(Sub-units) into a polymer such as DNA
    or RNA.

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