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    Describing Motion

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    Bernard Enriquez Soriano
    The document discusses Newtonian mechanics and motion, including concepts like speed, velocity, acceleration, scalars and vectors. It provides examples of calculating average speed, instantaneous speed, and acceleration. Several chapters are outlined that will explain kinematics, dynamics, describing motion, Newton's laws, and exercises involving calculating speed, velocity and acceleration.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Describing Motion

    Uploaded by

    Bernard Enriquez Soriano
    52 views12 pages
    The document discusses Newtonian mechanics and motion, including concepts like speed, velocity, acceleration, scalars and vectors. It provides examples of calculating average speed, instantaneous speed, and acceleration. Several chapters are outlined that will explain kinematics, dynamics, describing motion, Newton's laws, and exercises involving calculating speed, velocity and acceleration.

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    The document discusses Newtonian mechanics and motion, including concepts like speed, velocity, acceleration, scalars and vectors. It provides examples of calculating average speed, instantaneous speed, and acceleration. Several chapters are outlined that will explain kinematics, dynamics, describing motion, Newton's laws, and exercises involving calculating speed, velocity and acceleration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    52 views12 pages

    Describing Motion

    Uploaded by

    Bernard Enriquez Soriano
    The document discusses Newtonian mechanics and motion, including concepts like speed, velocity, acceleration, scalars and vectors. It provides examples of calculating average speed, instantaneous speed, and acceleration. Several chapters are outlined that will explain kinematics, dynamics, describing motion, Newton's laws, and exercises involving calculating speed, velocity and acceleration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Newtonian Revolution

    The study of Physics begins with Newtonian mechanics.


    Mechanics is the branch of physics that focuses on the motion
    of objects and the forces that cause the motion to change.
    There are two parts to mechanics: Kinematics and Dynamics.
    Kinematics deals with the concepts that are needed to describe
    motion, without any reference to forces.
    Chapter 2: Describing Motion
    Chapter 3: Falling Objects and Projectile Motion
    Dynamics deals with the effect that forces have on motion
    Chapter 4: Newton’s Laws-Explaining motion
    Chapter 2
    Describing Motion
    • Speed: Average and Instantaneous
    • Velocity
    • Acceleration
    • Graphing motion
    Average Speed
    Average speed equals the distance traveled divided by
    the time of travel.
    dis tan ce
    AverageSpe ed  .
    time
    d
    aS  .
    t
    Unit: MPH, kmPH, m/s
    Speed calculation:
    Instantaneous Speed
    http://www.physicsclassroom.com/
    mmedia/kinema/trip.cfm

    d
    iS  .
    t
    Unit Conversion:
    Velocity = Speed with Direction

    Velocity can be changed by


    changing speed or direction
    or both.
    Vectors and Scalars
    Physics deals with many physical quantities, which are divided
    into scalars and vectors.
    A scalar quantity is one that can be described by a single
    number (including any units) giving its size or magnitude.
    Examples: Distance, Time, volume, mass, temperature, and
    density.
    A quantity that deals with both magnitude and direction is
    called a vector quantity.
    Examples: Displacement, Force, weight, and velocity.
    Distance and Displacement
    Starting from origin, O a person walks 90-m east, then turns
    around and walks 40-m west.

    Q: What is the total walked distance? A: 130-m


    Q: What is the displacement? A: 50-m, due east.
    Scalars and Vectors
    Scalar Vector
    Distance (m) Displacement (m)

    Speed (m/s) Velocity (m/s)

    Mass (kg) Weight (N)


    Acceleration
    • Acceleration is the rate at which velocity
    changes.
    v v  v0
    a 
    t t
    Acceleration is a vector quantity.
    Unit of acceleration: m/s2

    Acceleration of a sports car:


    http://www.cars.com/go/crp/buyingGuides/Story.jsp?
    section=Sports&story=sportsQuickest&subject=stories&referer=&year=2005
    Deceleration or
    Negative Acceleration
    An object speeds up when the acceleration and velocity vectors
    point in the same direction.
    Whenever the acceleration and velocity vectors have opposite
    directions, the object slows down and is said to be “decelerating.”

    V1 = 20 m/s due east


    V2 = 10 m/s due east
    t = 2.0 s
    a=?
    Can a Car Be Accelerating When
    Its Speed Is Constant?
    Exercises and Problems
    1. A person covers a distance of 320 miles in a travel time of 8 hours.
    What is the average speed for this trip?

    2. A car travels with an average speed of 55 miles/hr. What is this speed


    in m/s?

    3. The velocity of a car moving in a straight line increases from 8 m/s


    to 22 m/s in 7 seconds. What is the average acceleration of the car
    during this period?

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