Dvanced Rogramming OMP: C S D F E T

COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

ADVANCED PROGRAMMING COMP231
Instructor :Murad Njoum
Office : Masri322
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, Programs, and Java

Grading Policy:
• Midterm exam 30%
• 4 Assignments 10%
• 4 Quizzes 15%
• Final Practical Exam 10%
• Final exam 35%
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3
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Mobile: Keep it off during the class. If your mobile ring you have to
leave the classroom quickly, quietly and don’t come back.
Late: you are expected to be in the classroom before the teacher

arrival. After 5 minutes you will not allowed entering the classroom.
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Programs
Computer programs, known as software, are instructions
to the computer.
You tell a computer what to do through programs. Without

programs, a computer is an empty machine. Computers do
not understand human languages, so you need to use
computer languages to communicate with them.
Programs are written using programming languages.
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Programming Languages
Machine Language Assembly Language High-Level Language
Machine language is a set of primitive instructions

built into every computer. The instructions are in
the form of binary code, so you have to enter binary
codes for various instructions. Program with native
machine language is a tedious process. Moreover
the programs are highly difficult to read and
modify. For example, to add two numbers, you
might write an instruction in binary like this:
1101101010011010
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Assembly languages were developed to make programming easy.

Since the computer cannot understand assembly language, however,
a program called assembler is used to convert assembly language
programs into machine code. For example, to add two numbers, you
might write an instruction in assembly code like this:
ADDF3 R1, R2, R3
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The high-level languages are English-like and easy to learn

and program. For example, the following is a high-level
language statement that computes the area of a circle with
radius 5:
area = 5 * 5 * 3.1415;
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Interpreting/Compiling Source Code
A program written in a high-level language is called a
source program or source code. Because a computer
cannot understand a source program, a source program
must be translated into machine code for execution. The
translation can be done using another programming tool
called an interpreter or a compiler.
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Interpreting Source Code
An interpreter reads one statement from the source code,
translates it to the machine code or virtual machine code,
and then executes it right away, as shown in the following
figure. Note that a statement from the source code may be
translated into several machine instructions.
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Compiling Source Code
A compiler translates the entire source code into a
machine-code file, and the machine-code file is then
executed, as shown in the following figure.
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Why Java?
The answer is that Java enables users to develop and
deploy applications on the Internet for servers, desktop
computers, and small hand-held devices. The future of
computing is being profoundly influenced by the Internet,
and Java promises to remain a big part of that future. Java
is the Internet programming language.
Java is a general purpose programming language.

Java is the Internet programming language.
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Java, Web, and Beyond
• Java can be used to develop standalone
applications.
• Java can be used to develop applications
running from a browser.
• Java can also be used to develop applications
for hand-held devices.
• Java can be used to develop applications for
Web servers.
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Characteristics of Java
• Java Is Simple
• Java Is Object-Oriented
• Java Is Distributed
• Java Is Interpreted
• Java Is Robust
• Java Is Secure
• Java Is Architecture-Neutral
• Java Is Portable
• Java's Performance
• Java Is Multithreaded
• Java Is Dynamic
www.cs.armstrong.edu/liang/JavaCharacteristics.pdf
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Companion
Website
• Java Is Simple Java is partially modeled on C++, but greatly

simplified and improved. Some people refer to
• Java Is Object-Oriented Java as "C++--" because it is like C++ but
• Java Is Distributed with more functionality and fewer negative
aspects.
• Java Is Robust
• Java Is Secure
• Java Is Dynamic
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Companion
Website
• Java Is Simple Java is inherently object-oriented.

Although many object-oriented languages
• Java Is Object-Oriented began strictly as procedural languages,
• Java Is Distributed Java was designed from the start to be
object-oriented. Object-oriented
• Java Is Interpreted programming (OOP) is a popular
• Java Is Robust programming approach that is replacing
traditional procedural programming
• Java Is Secure
techniques.
One of the central issues in software
development is how to reuse code. Object-
• Java's Performance oriented programming provides great
flexibility, modularity, clarity, and
reusability through encapsulation,
• Java Is Dynamic inheritance, and polymorphism.
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Companion
Website
• Java Is Simple Distributed computing involves several

computers working together on a network.
• Java Is Object-Oriented Java is designed to make distributed
• Java Is Distributed computing easy. Since networking
capability is inherently integrated into
• Java Is Interpreted Java, writing network programs is like
• Java Is Robust sending and receiving data to and from a
file.
• Java Is Secure
• Java Is Dynamic
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Companion
Website
• Java Is Simple You need an interpreter to run Java

programs. The programs are compiled into
• Java Is Object-Oriented the Java Virtual Machine code called
• Java Is Distributed bytecode. The bytecode is machine-
independent and can run on any machine
• Java Is Interpreted that has a Java interpreter, which is part of
• Java Is Robust the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
• Java Is Secure
• Java Is Dynamic
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Companion
Website
• Java Is Simple Java compilers can detect many problems that

would first show up at execution time in other
• Java Is Object-Oriented languages.
Java has eliminated certain types of error-prone
• Java Is Interpreted programming constructs found in other languages.
• Java Is Robust
Java has a runtime exception-handling feature to
• Java Is Secure
provide programming support for robustness.
• Java Is Dynamic
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Companion
Website
• Java Is Simple
Java implements several security
• Java Is Robust mechanisms to protect your system against
• Java Is Secure harm caused by stray programs.
• Java Is Dynamic
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Companion
Website
• Java Is Simple
• Java Is Robust
• Java Is Secure
• Java Is Architecture-Neutral Write once, run anywhere
• Java Is Portable With a Java Virtual Machine (JVM),

• Java's Performance you can write one program that will
run on any platform.
• Java Is Dynamic
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Companion
Website
• Java Is Simple
• Java Is Robust
• Java Is Secure
• Java Is Portable Because Java is architecture neutral,
Java programs are portable. They can
• Java's Performance be run on any platform without being
• Java Is Multithreaded recompiled.
• Java Is Dynamic
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Companion
Website
• Java Is Simple
• Java Is Robust
• Java Is Secure
• Java Is Portable Java’s performance Because Java is
architecture neutral, Java programs are
• Java's Performance portable. They can be run on any
• Java Is Multithreaded platform without being recompiled.
• Java Is Dynamic
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Companion
Website
• Java Is Simple
• Java Is Robust
• Java Is Secure
• Java's Performance Multithread programming is smoothly
• Java Is Multithreaded integrated in Java, whereas in other
languages you have to call procedures
• Java Is Dynamic specific to the operating system to enable
multithreading.
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• Java Is Simple
• Java Is Robust
• Java Is Secure
Java was designed to adapt to an evolving
• Java's Performance environment. New code can be loaded on the
• Java Is Multithreaded fly without recompilation. There is no need for
developers to create, and for users to install,
• Java Is Dynamic major new software versions. New features can
be incorporated transparently as needed.
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JDK Editions
• Java Standard Edition (J2SE)
• J2SE can be used to develop client-side standalone
applications or applets.
• Java Enterprise Edition (J2EE)
• J2EE can be used to develop server-side applications such as
Java servlets, Java ServerPages, and Java ServerFaces.
• Java Micro Edition (J2ME).
• J2ME can be used to develop applications for mobile devices
such as cell phones.
This book uses J2SE to introduce Java programming.
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Popular Java IDEs
• NetBeans (V.10)
• Eclipse (Luna, Mars, Oxygen)
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A Simple Java Program
Listing 1.1
// This program prints Welcome to Java!
public class Welcome {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
Note: Clicking the green button displays the source code

Welcome with interactive animation. You can also run the code in
a browser. Internet connection is needed for this button.
Run Note: Clicking the blue button runs the code from
Windows. If you cannot run the buttons, see
liveexample.pearsoncmg.com/slide/javaslidenote.doc.
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Creating and Editing Using NotePad
To use NotePad, type
notepad Welcome.java
from the DOS prompt.
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Creating and Editing Using WordPad
To use WordPad, type
write Welcome.java
from the DOS prompt.
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Creating, Compiling, and Running
Programs
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Compiling Java Source Code
You can port a source program to any machine with appropriate
compilers. The source program must be recompiled, however, because
the object program can only run on a specific machine. Nowadays
computers are networked to work together. Java was designed to run
object programs on any platform. With Java, you write the program
once, and compile the source program into a special type of object
code, known as bytecode. The bytecode can then run on any
computer with a Java Virtual Machine, as shown below. Java Virtual
Machine is a software that interprets Java bytecode.
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animation
Trace a Program Execution

Enter main method

}
}
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animation

Execute statement

}
}
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animation

}
}
print a message to the

console
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Compiling and Running Java from the Command Window
• Set path to JDK bin directory
• set path=c:\Program Files\java\jdk1.8.0\bin
• Set classpath to include the current directory
• set classpath=.
• Compile
• javac Welcome.java
• Run
• java Welcome
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Compiling and Running Java from
TextPad
• See Supplement II.A on the Website for details
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Anatomy of a Java Program
• Class name
• Main method
• Statements
• Statement terminator
• Reserved words
• Comments
• Blocks
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Class Name
Every Java program must have at least one class. Each class
has a name. By convention, class names start with an
uppercase letter. In this example, the class name is
Welcome.

}
}
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Main Method
Line 2 defines the main method. In order to run a class, the
class must contain a method named main. The program is
executed from the main method.

}
}
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Statement
A statement represents an action or a sequence of
actions. The statement System.out.println("Welcome to
Java!") in the program in Listing 1.1 is a statement to
display the greeting "Welcome to Java!“.

}
}
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Statement Terminator
Every statement in Java ends with a semicolon (;).

}
}
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Reserved words
Reserved words or keywords are words that have a
specific meaning to the compiler and cannot be used for
other purposes in the program. For example, when the
compiler sees the word class, it understands that the
word after class is the name for the class.

}
}
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Blocks
A pair of braces in a program forms a block that groups
components of a program.
public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) { Class block
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); Method block
}
}
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Special Symbols
Character Name Description
{} Opening and closing Denotes a block to enclose statements.

braces
() Opening and closing Used with methods.
parentheses
[] Opening and closing Denotes an array.
brackets
// Double slashes Precedes a comment line.
" " Opening and closing Enclosing a string (i.e., sequence of characters).
quotation marks
; Semicolon Marks the end of a statement.
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{ …}

}
}
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( … )

}
}
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;

}
}
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// …

}
}
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"…"

}
}
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Programming Style and
Documentation
• Appropriate Comments
• Naming Conventions
• Proper Indentation and Spacing Lines
• Block Styles
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Appropriate Comments
Include a summary at the beginning of the program to
explain what the program does, its key features, its
supporting data structures, and any unique techniques it
uses.
Include your name, class section, instructor, date, and a

brief description at the beginning of the program.
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Naming Conventions
• Choose meaningful and descriptive names.
• Class names:
• Capitalize the first letter of each word in the name. For
example, the class name ComputeExpression.
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Proper Indentation and Spacing
• Indentation
• Indent two spaces.
• Spacing
• Use blank line to separate segments of the code.
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Block Styles
Use end-of-line style for braces.
Next-line public class Test

style {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println("Block Styles");
}
}
End-of-line
style
public class Test {
System.out.println("Block Styles");
}
}
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Programming Errors
• Syntax Errors
• Detected by the compiler
• Runtime Errors
• Causes the program to abort
• Logic Errors
• Produces incorrect result
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Syntax Errors
public class ShowSyntaxErrors {
public static main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java);
}
}
ShowSyntaxErrors Run
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Runtime Errors
public class ShowRuntimeErrors {
System.out.println(1 / 0);
}
}
ShowRuntimeErrors Run
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Logic Errors
public class ShowLogicErrors {

System.out.println("Celsius 35 is
Fahrenheit degree ");
System.out.println((9 / 5) * 35 + 32);
}
}
ShowLogicErrors Run
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COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, Programs, and Java

Late: you are expected to be in the classroom before the teacher

You tell a computer what to do through programs. Without

Programs are written using programming languages.

Machine language is a set of primitive instructions

Assembly languages were developed to make programming easy.

The high-level languages are English-like and easy to learn

Java is a general purpose programming language.

• Java Is Simple Java is partially modeled on C++, but greatly

• Java Is Simple Java is inherently object-oriented.

• Java Is Simple Distributed computing involves several

• Java Is Simple You need an interpreter to run Java

• Java Is Simple Java compilers can detect many problems that

• Java Is Portable With a Java Virtual Machine (JVM),

Note: Clicking the green button displays the source code

Trace a Program Execution

// This program prints Welcome to Java!

Trace a Program Execution

// This program prints Welcome to Java!

Trace a Program Execution

// This program prints Welcome to Java!

print a message to the

// This program prints Welcome to Java!

// This program prints Welcome to Java!

// This program prints Welcome to Java!

// This program prints Welcome to Java!

// This program prints Welcome to Java!

public class Test {

Character Name Description

{} Opening and closing Denotes a block to enclose statements.

// This program prints Welcome to Java!

// This program prints Welcome to Java!

// This program prints Welcome to Java!

// This program prints Welcome to Java!

// This program prints Welcome to Java!

Include your name, class section, instructor, date, and a

Next-line public class Test

public class ShowLogicErrors {

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