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    Moral Development - Carol Gilligan

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    Rubie Ramilo
    Carol Gilligan criticized Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development for being biased toward males. She proposed an "ethic of care" perspective where morality is based on compassion and sensitivity to others rather than rules. Gilligan identified three stages of moral development in women: orientation to individual survival, goodness as self-sacrifice, and a morality of nonviolence and equality between self and others. Her theory argued for an alternative perspective on female moral psychology.

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    Moral Development - Carol Gilligan

    Uploaded by

    Rubie Ramilo
    146 views19 pages
    Carol Gilligan criticized Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development for being biased toward males. She proposed an "ethic of care" perspective where morality is based on compassion and sensitivity to others rather than rules. Gilligan identified three stages of moral development in women: orientation to individual survival, goodness as self-sacrifice, and a morality of nonviolence and equality between self and others. Her theory argued for an alternative perspective on female moral psychology.

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    Moral Development: Carol Gilligan's Theory

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    Carol Gilligan criticized Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development for being biased toward males. She proposed an "ethic of care" perspective where morality is based on compassion and sensitivity to others rather than rules. Gilligan identified three stages of moral development in women: orientation to individual survival, goodness as self-sacrifice, and a morality of nonviolence and equality between self and others. Her theory argued for an alternative perspective on female moral psychology.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    146 views19 pages

    Moral Development - Carol Gilligan

    Uploaded by

    Rubie Ramilo
    Carol Gilligan criticized Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development for being biased toward males. She proposed an "ethic of care" perspective where morality is based on compassion and sensitivity to others rather than rules. Gilligan identified three stages of moral development in women: orientation to individual survival, goodness as self-sacrifice, and a morality of nonviolence and equality between self and others. Her theory argued for an alternative perspective on female moral psychology.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Moral Development

    Carol Gilligan’s Theory


    Activity
    Moral
    O Refers to principles of right or wrong
    behavior.
    O A conflict between personal desires and
    social considerations.
    Morality
    O Concept of morality is to try to figure out
    what it is that people can do in order to
    make each other’s life livable.
    Moral Development

    Refers to the process on which a child


    develops proper attitudes and behaviours
    toward other people in society, based on
    social and cultural norms, rules and laws
    Moral Development Theory

    Lawrence Kohlberg Carol Gilligan


    Carol Gilligan
    O American Developmental Psychologist
    O November 28, 1936
    O 1958 – BS in English Literature Swarthmore
    College
    O 1961 – Master’s Degree in Clinical
    Psychology at Radcliffe College
    O 1964 – PhD in Social Psychology at Harvard
    University
    O 1982: In A Different Voice
    In A Different Voice
    O Men > Women
    O Kohlberg’s theory is not applicable to
    women or people of other culture.
    O Broverman et.al. 1972: tact, gentleness,
    awareness of the feelings of other, strong
    need for security and easy expression of
    tender feelings.
    Morality of Care
    O Morality is based around care for others
    rather than appeals to seemingly universal
    codes of behaviour.
    O Compassion and sensitivity marks women to
    be less capable of making moral
    development
    Morality of Care
    O Women response to pregnancy decision
    O Gilligan asked 29 pregnant women with
    diverse age, race, and social class.
    O 21 chose abortion
    O 4 decided to have the baby
    O 1 miscarried
    O 3 remained in doubt of their decision
    Morality of Care
    O Abortion dilemma reveals the existence of a
    distinct moral language that exhibits
    women’s development.
    O Language of selfishness and responsibility –
    defines the moral problem obligation to
    exercise care and avoid hurt.
    Stages of Development
    Level Description

    Level 1 Orientation to Individual Survival

    Level 2 Goodness as Self-Sacrifice

    Level 3 Morality of Nonviolence


    Level 1: Orientation to
    Individual Survival
    O An 18 year old pregnant woman was asked:
    O What she thought when she found herself
    pregnant
    O Was there a right decision?

    O Right decision would emerge only if her own


    needs were in conflict, then she would have
    to decide which needs is important.
    Transition from Selfishness to
    Responsibility
    O In order to be able to care for another, one
    must first be able to care responsibly for
    oneself.
    O Conflict between wish and necessity. These
    are new criterion for judgment.
    Level 2: Goodness as Self-
    Sacrifice
    O On this level, moral judgment comes to rely
    on shared norms and expectations.
    O Adoption of societal values.
    O Survival is now seen to depend on
    acceptance by others.
    O Kohlberg: Stage 3: seek approval with the
    wish to care for and help others
    Transition from Goodness to
    Truth
    O Transition begins with the reconsideration of
    the relationship between self and other.
    O Women analyze the logic of self-sacrifice in
    the service of morality care.
    O Criterion: Responsibility requires new kind of
    judgment on which the first demand is for
    honesty.
    O Intention (justification) and consequences.
    Level 3: The Morality of
    Nonviolence
    O Nonviolence – injunction against hurting
    O On this phase, moral equality between self
    and other is being asserted.
    O Care becomes a universal obligation.
    O Self-worth: you are not going to sell yourself
    short and do things that are do not want to
    do.
    Conclusion
    O Gilligan believed that ethic of care is not
    limited to females, but more dominant to her
    female participants.
    O Thus, Gilligan’s theory is an addition to
    Kohlberg’s rather than a replacement.
    Reference:

    O Carol Gilligan (1977) In a Different Voice:


    Women's Conceptions of Self and of
    Morality. Harvard Educational Review:
    December 1977, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 481-517.
    O https://www.britannica.com/biography/Caro
    l-Gilligan
    O http://www.feministvoices.com/carol-
    gilligan/

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