1) The document discusses several ethical principles related to business including the concept of rights, moral rights, justice, and fairness.
2) It examines different theories of justice including distributive justice, retributive justice, compensatory justice, and interpretations from egalitarianism, capitalism, and more.
3) Moral reasoning in business involves integrating considerations of utility, rights, justice, and caring for relationships. Determining what is ethical requires balancing these various moral standards and perspectives.
1) The document discusses several ethical principles related to business including the concept of rights, moral rights, justice, and fairness.
2) It examines different theories of justice including distributive justice, retributive justice, compensatory justice, and interpretations from egalitarianism, capitalism, and more.
3) Moral reasoning in business involves integrating considerations of utility, rights, justice, and caring for relationships. Determining what is ethical requires balancing these various moral standards and perspectives.
Original Description:
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES IN BUSINESS
Original Title
Ethical Principles in Business–Justice and Fairness (2)
1) The document discusses several ethical principles related to business including the concept of rights, moral rights, justice, and fairness.
2) It examines different theories of justice including distributive justice, retributive justice, compensatory justice, and interpretations from egalitarianism, capitalism, and more.
3) Moral reasoning in business involves integrating considerations of utility, rights, justice, and caring for relationships. Determining what is ethical requires balancing these various moral standards and perspectives.
1) The document discusses several ethical principles related to business including the concept of rights, moral rights, justice, and fairness.
2) It examines different theories of justice including distributive justice, retributive justice, compensatory justice, and interpretations from egalitarianism, capitalism, and more.
3) Moral reasoning in business involves integrating considerations of utility, rights, justice, and caring for relationships. Determining what is ethical requires balancing these various moral standards and perspectives.
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ETHICAL PRINCIPLES IN
BUSINESS–JUSTICE AND FAIRNESS The Concept of Right
Right is individual’s entitlement of something
A person has a right when he is entitled to act in a certain way Rights are powerful devices whose main purpose is to enable individual to choose freely Rights: Characteristics
Right is an individual's entitlement to
something Rights are derived from legal system and are limited by jurisdiction Moral or human rights are based on moral norms and not limited by jurisdiction. Moral Rights
Moral rights are tied up with duties and
responsibilities It provides a individuals with autonomy and equality to pursue their interests freely It provides a basis for protecting rights of others - and + Rights - Rights : I have the right and others should not interfere with my enjoyment of rights
+ Rights: If I have rights, I also have the duty to
respect others’ rights A Basis for Moral Rights: Kant
Kant’s theory is based on the moral principle
–that requires that everyone shall be treated as free person equal to everyone else. Everyone has a moral right to such treatment and everyone has the correlative duty to treat others in this way.
Firing and employee because of his race!
Criteria for Determining Moral Right & Wrong
Universalizability – person’s reason for acting
must be reasons that everyone could act on at least in principle Reversibility - person’s reason for acting must be reasons that he or she would be willing to have all others use, even as a basis oh how they treat him or her Kant’s Categorical Imperative Formulas
Never do something unless you are willing to
have everyone do it Never use people merely as means, but always respect and develop their ability to choose for themselves. Problem with Kant
Not clear to be useful
What are the limits of rights Universalizability and Reversibility cannot be untenable in all instances Justice and Fairness
can be expressed as follows: Individual who are similar in all respects should be given similar benefits and burdens even if they are dissimilar in other irrelevant respects; Individual who are dissimilar in a relevant respect ought to be treated dissimilarly even though they are similar in other respects. Justice: Different Interpretations
Justice as Equality: Egalitarianism:
Every person should be given exactly equal share of a society’s benefits or burdens
Justice based on Contribution: Capitalist
Justice Justice should be distributed according to the contribution the individual makes to a society, task, group or exchange Justice: Different Interpretations
Justice as Fairness: Rawls
This is based on the assumption that conflicts involving justice should be settled by devising a fair method of choosing the principles by which the conflicts are resolved. Once it is devised, the principles we choose by using that method Justice: Different Interpretations
Justice as Fairness: Other Dimensions
Principle of equal liberty Difference principle- society unequal but take steps to give equality to needy Principle of fair equality of opportunity Original position – An imaginary meeting of rational or self-interested people who must choose the principles of justice by which society shall be governed. Veil of Ignorance – Ignorance of above-stated people about what could hinder their efforts of bringing justice to the society. Justice: Different Interpretations
Justice based on Needs & Abilities: Socialism
Work burden should be distributed as per individual’s abilities and benefits should be distributed as per people’s needs
Justice as Freedom: Libertarianism
No way of distributing benefits/ burdens could be considered just or unjust apart from the free choice that individuals make. Any distribution is just if it is the result of individuals freely choosing to exchange with each other goods each person already owns. Retributive Justice
It concerns the justice of blaming or
punishing others for doing wrong. It has several counterpoints: People cannot be blamed for something about which they are ignorant. People cannot be punished on flimsy grounds Just punishment should be proportionate to the wrong done by the individuals. Compensatory Justice
It concerns the justice of restoring to a person
what the person lost when wronged by someone else. It believes in the moral responsibility of returning to the loss already afflicted to the aggreived. The Ethics of Care
It believes that ethics should be impartial
It emphasizes preserving and nurturing concrete valuable relationships It states that we should care for those who are dependent to or/ and related to us. Integrating Utility, Rights, Justice, and Caring These are four moral standards that form the basis of our moral judgment and brings different considerations I our moral reasoning The basis of integration is Evaluation of social costs and benefits Respect for individual rights Just distribution of benefits and burdens caring for those in strong relationships