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    Congenital Masses & Malformations

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    Francia Toledano
    This document describes various congenital masses and malformations that can present in the neck region. It outlines different types of cysts, tumors, and vascular anomalies. Common presentations include neck masses, dysphagia, dyspnea, and stridor. Diagnostic testing includes ultrasound, CT, MRI and radiography to characterize the masses. Surgical excision is often the treatment for symptomatic lesions causing airway obstruction or infection.

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    Congenital Masses & Malformations

    Uploaded by

    Francia Toledano
    16 views8 pages
    This document describes various congenital masses and malformations that can present in the neck region. It outlines different types of cysts, tumors, and vascular anomalies. Common presentations include neck masses, dysphagia, dyspnea, and stridor. Diagnostic testing includes ultrasound, CT, MRI and radiography to characterize the masses. Surgical excision is often the treatment for symptomatic lesions causing airway obstruction or infection.

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    This document describes various congenital masses and malformations that can present in the neck region. It outlines different types of cysts, tumors, and vascular anomalies. Common presentations include neck masses, dysphagia, dyspnea, and stridor. Diagnostic testing includes ultrasound, CT, MRI and radiography to characterize the masses. Surgical excision is often the treatment for symptomatic lesions causing airway obstruction or infection.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    16 views8 pages

    Congenital Masses & Malformations

    Uploaded by

    Francia Toledano
    This document describes various congenital masses and malformations that can present in the neck region. It outlines different types of cysts, tumors, and vascular anomalies. Common presentations include neck masses, dysphagia, dyspnea, and stridor. Diagnostic testing includes ultrasound, CT, MRI and radiography to characterize the masses. Surgical excision is often the treatment for symptomatic lesions causing airway obstruction or infection.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    CONGENITAL

    MASSES &
    MALFORMATIONS

    Cummings Otolaryngology 6th ed


    RULE IN IF:

     gradual dyspnea, dysphagia and stridor


     recurrent respiratory obstruction
     visible and palpable neck mass
    TYPES OF CONGENITAL MASSES AND
    MALFORMATIONS
     BRANCHIAL CLEFT CYST  THYROGLOSSAL DUCT CYST
     nontender, fluctuant masses that may  Asymptomatic midline mass that elevates
    become inflamed and form an abscess with swallowing or tongue protrusion
    during an upper respiratory infection  Thyroid ultrasound and radionucleotide
     Ultrasound : fluid filled cyst scanning to differentiate it from ectopic
    thyroid (with hypothyroidism)
    TYPES OF CONGENITAL MASSES AND
    MALFORMATIONS
     LYMPHANGIOMAS  HEMANGIOMAS
     failure of lymph spaces to connect to the  proliferative endothelial lesions rather than
    rest of the lymphatic system true neoplasms
     slowly involute at 18 to 24 months
     soft, smooth, nontender mass that is
    compressible and that can be  red or bluish soft masses that frequently have
    a cutaneous component
    transilluminated
     CT or MRI with contrast often confirms the
     Radiography shows fluid-flled spaces with diagnosis of a vascular lesion
    surrounding connective tissue.  airway obstruction at subglottic larynx
     Infiltrative, needs complete surgical  Observation unless develop complication
    excision treat with systemic corticosteroids and
    surgical excision
    TYPES OF CONGENITAL MASSES AND
    MALFORMATIONS
     TERATOMAS  DERMOID CYST
     arise from pluripotent cells and consist of  arise from epithelium that has been
    tissues foreign to the site from which they entrapped in tissue during embryogenesis
    arise or by traumatic implantation
     firm neck masses  consist of epithelium-lined cavities filled
     Tracheal compression may be present with skin appendages such as hair, hair
    follicles, and sebaceous glands
     Intrinsic calcifications seen on CT or MRI
     painless unless infected
     Surgical excision
    TYPES OF CONGENITAL MASSES AND
    MALFORMATIONS
     LARYNGOCELES  THYMIC CYST
     abnormal dilation or herniation of the  Almost all are unilateral, most commonly
    saccule of the larynx on the left side of the neck, and 90% are
     @ thyroid cartilage – internal; @ beyond cystic
    thyroid cartilage – external  asymptomatic mass, but it may be painful if
     Hoarseness, cough, dyspnea, and dysphagia infected, or if the size increase is rapid
    suggest a laryngocele
    TYPES OF CONGENITAL MASSES AND
    MALFORMATIONS
     VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS  STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID TUMOR
     Slow-flow lesions include capillary IN INFANCY
    malformations and venous malformations,  Congenital torticollis
    arterial and arteriovenous malformations
    are typically fast-flow lesions  firm, painless, discrete, fusiform mass within
    the sternocleidomastoid muscle
     grow at the same rate as the child and do
    not involute  usually not apparent at birth but appear at
    1 to 8 weeks of age
     Jugular malformations present as soft,
    compressible masses along the anterior  Slowly increase in size for 2 to 3 months
    border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. and then slowly regress for 4 to 8 months
    • RULE OUT since the case is
    • a single incident of foreign body aspiration with atis seed
    • sudden onset of dyspnea and cyanosis,
    • relieved by back tapping
    • NO visible and palpable neck mass
    • Chest Xray shows that the obstruction is at the lower part of
    respiratory tract (Bronchus)

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