8D - Problem Solving
8D - Problem Solving
8D - Problem Solving
Problem Solving
Should I Consider Moving?
Problem Solving
1. What is
Problem Solving? 2. Barriers to Effective
Problem Solving
3. Problem Solving
4. Problem Solving Process
Tools
“Problems call forth our courage and our wisdom;
indeed, they create our courage and our wisdom.
It is only because of problems that we grow
mentally and spiritually.”
- M. Scott Peck
What is Problem Solving?
• Problem solving forms part of thinking.
• Considered the most complex of all intellectual
functions, problem solving has been defined as higher-
order cognitive process that requires the modulation
and control of more routine or fundamental skills
(Goldstein & Levin, 1987).
• It occurs if an organism or an artificial intelligence system
does not know how to proceed from a given state to a
desired goal state.
state
• It is part of the larger problem process that includes
problem finding and problem shaping.
“He who asks a question may be a fool
for five minutes, but he who never asks a
question remains a fool forever.”
- Tom Connelly
Barriers to Effective Problem Solving
- Albert Einstein
Problem Solving Process
Accepting the Problem
- Takafumi Horie
Problem Solving Tools
Tools to facilitate effective Problem Solving:
• CoRT (Module 2)
• SWOT ANALYSIS (Module 6)
• SIX THINKING HATS (Next)
• PORTER’s 5 FORCES
• FORCE FIELD ANALYSIS
I can study these
• ISHIKAWA DIAGRAM tools on my own.
Click!
• MIND MAPPING
• More MyCoted + Mind Tools + Creativity Web
Edward de Bono
“The six thinking hats is a method
for doing one sort of thinking at a time.”
6 Thinking Hats
Process
Negative Objective
Feelings Positive
Creative
Benefits of Using 6 Thinking Hats
• Role-playing (Put the hat on, take the hat off, switch
hats, and signal your thinking)
• Encourage creative, parallel and lateral thinking
• Improve communication
• Speed up decision making
• Avoid debate
• Detaching the Ego
• Occasional Use (Single Hat)
• Sequence Use
White Hat - Objective
Facts, Figures, Data and Information
Questions:
• What information do we have here?
• What information is missing?
• What information would we like to have?
• How are we going to get the information?
Red Hat – Feelings
Feelings, Intuition, Emotions and Hunches
Examples:
• My gut-feeling is that this will not work.
• I don't like the way this is being done.
• This proposal is terrible.
• My intuition tells me that prices will fall soon.
Black Hat - Negative
Caution, Difficulty, Judgment and Assessment
Questions:
• Is this true?
• Will it work?
• What are the weaknesses?
• What is wrong with it?
Critical
Thinking
Hat
Yellow Hat - Positive
Benefits, Feasibility and Optimism
Questions:
• Why is this worth doing?
• What are the benefits?
• Why can it be done?
• Why will it work?
Green Hat - Creative
Creative Ideas, Alternatives, Suggestions, and Proposals
Questions:
• Are there any additional alternatives?
• Could we do this in a different way?
• Could there be another explanation?
• What are some possible solutions and courses of
action?
Creative
Thinking
Hat
Blue Hat - Process
Sums up what is learned. Organization of
thinking. Thinking about the thinking process
(Reflection).
Examples:
• Set the agenda.
• Suggest the next steps.
• Ask for other hats.
• Ask for summaries, conclusions,
and decisions. Meta-Cognition Hat
Sequence Use – Seeking an Idea
White Gather available information.
Adapted from: Dyck, B. Case Study: Classroom Management - Six Thinking Hats
URL: http://www.teachnet.com/how-to/manage/sixhats120800.html
Black Hat - Negative Aspects
• Time is wasted.
• Learning is compromised.
• Those who legitimately have the floor feel
that listeners. don't care about what they are
saying.
• Chaos in the classroom.
Adapted from: Dyck, B. Case Study: Classroom Management - Six Thinking Hats
URL: http://www.teachnet.com/how-to/manage/sixhats120800.html
Yellow Hat - Benefits and Feasibility
Adapted from: Dyck, B. Case Study: Classroom Management - Six Thinking Hats
URL: http://www.teachnet.com/how-to/manage/sixhats120800.html
Green Hat - Creative Ideas
• Dr. Cool will be more aware of the amount of time that he "talks“.
• He will try to include interaction from many different students, not just the "smart"
ones.
• Students will work on resisting the need to say everything that comes into their mind.
• There needs to be further discussion on "how" students would work on this problem.
• Students will think about whether their comments will interfere with other people's
learning.
• We will keep these charts up so that we can refer back to the learning of this moment
and reassess how we are doing.
Blue Hat - Sum up what is learned
• Dr. Cool learned that he needs to limit the amount of time he uses "Talking" as a
form of teaching.
• He needs to involve all students in discussion. He needs to look for the one who
rarely offers comments or is quietly waiting to be picked to answer.
• He needs to realize that some students need "think time" before they are ready to
contribute to a discussion. Allowing time for these students to think is important part
of class discussion so they don't tune out.
• Students now realize that when they talk when others are talking it makes the
person talking feel like a fool or unappreciated.
• Students realize that just to "get the laugh" of the moment, they are jeopardizing
other people's learning.
• Students learned that speaking whenever you want show a lack of self-discipline and
that not everything that goes through our minds is worth sharing.
• Teacher/student needs to revisit this topic and check how we are doing.
Class Activity – Six Thinking Hats
This Six Thinking Hats activity involves the whole class.
• One student (or the lecturer) will act as the class facilitator (and time keeper).
• One student will write on the whiteboard the class findings.
• One student will document the findings into the word template.
• The whole class will do parallel thinking to discuss the problem
INSTRUCTIONS
3 min Brainstorm a Problem to discuss.
3 min White Hat – Facts and information about the Problem?
3 min Red Hat – Feelings towards the Problem?
3 min Black Hat – What are the negative aspects of the Problem?
3 min Yellow Hat – What are the benefits/positive aspects of the Problem?
3 min Green Hat – What alternatives do we have?
7 min Blue Hat - Sum what is learned and discuss possible next steps.
25 min Total
Summary
7.1 What is Higher-order cognitive process that requires the modulation and
Problem Solving? control of more routine or fundamental skills.
Source: http://www.rabittooth.com/calvin.htm
References
Online Resources