10.ULABs Presentation Camiguin Final

Reducing Environmental and Health
Risks to Vulnerable Communities from

Lead Contamination from Lead Paint
and Recycling of ULABs
Maria Leonie Lynn H. Ruiz

Engineer III, Hazardous Waste Management Section
Environmental Quality Management Division
Environmental Management Bureau
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
PROJECT BACKGROUND

PROJECT PROFILE
PROJECT START: Project End:
Original: July 2014 to June 2016
Revised: July 2014 to August 2017
Revised: January 2016 to December 2017
EXECUTING AGENCY:
• Pure Earth/Blacksmith Institute
• Department of Environment and Natural Resources – Environmental Management
Bureau (DENR-EMB)
IMPLEMENTING AGENCY:
• United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES:
 Philippines and Indonesia

OBJECTIVE
To promote the environmentally sound

management (ESM) of two sources of potential
lead poisoning, lead in paint and used lead acid
batteries (ULABs), in ways that minimize
significant adverse effects on human health and
the environment.

PROJECT COMPONENTS
Component A Outputs
 Data and reports on
Enable local government
scope and impacts of
agencies, national ULAB recycling
stakeholders and the  List of priority ULAB
international community to sites for intervention
better understand exposure  Report on the
pathways and scope of dynamics of the
contamination from lead, supply chain for
their impacts on human ULABs
health, and feasible solutions
to mitigate the exposure
risks. Maria Leonie Lynn H. Ruiz
Component B Outputs
 Establishment of Multistakeholder
Develop Working Groups
recommendations for  Action plans to phase out the
action to phase out lead unsafe recycling of ULABs, to
include priority actions, a
in paint and unsafe
timeframe for implementation,
ULAB recycling and responsible parties
practices, with a focus on  Recommendations for
the informal sector. improvements to Basel
Convention Technical Guidelines
MARIA LEONIE LYNN H. RUIZ

Outputs
Component C  More than 60 national individuals
from government, industry and other
Build educational and stakeholders trained
technical capacity of  Capacity of DENR-EMB built to
government and national conduct ULAB smelter inspections
and assess compliance with existing
stakeholders to take regulations
concrete action to  Capacity of DENR-EMB and private
minimize adverse effects sector built by implementing
of lead on human health recommended actions
 Lists of companies interested in
and the environment, improving their practices
including remediation.
ULABs SUPPLY CHAIN

The Philippine ULABs Supply Chain
Selling of
Manufacture Distribution Collection & Recycling/
Recovered
/ Import & Use Transport Recovery
Materials
Battery EMB-
EMB-Registered
Manufacturer Registered Battery
Transporters &
s (Local) Distributors Category D Manufacturers
Category F TSD
TSD (Local)
Facilities
Retailers Facilities
Maintenance Recovered
Battery Export
Service Providers Materials
Importers (Ingots)
•Automotive •Lead
Repair Shops ingots
End-users •Fleet Operators •Plastic
pellets
Public Transport from
Private Vehicle •Battery Retailers ULAB
Owners • Junk Shops cases
•Electrolyt
Telecommunications
e
IT-BPO Dumpsites
Informal
Manufacturing Recyclers

Lead-Acid Battery Manufacturers in the Philippines
Philippine Batteries, Inc. (PBI)

18-hectare fully-integrated closed-
loop manufacturing facility
Estimated market share of 80% in the
local LAB industry
Standard Manufacturing Company, Inc.
Manufacturer of the Outlast battery
brand
Maximum production capacity of 15,000
battery units per month
Lead-Acid Battery Importers in the Philippines
Importer Manufacturer Brand

Pollux Distributors, Inc. Amara Raja Batteries Limited Amaron
(India)
Kronos Sales PT Century Batteries Incoe
(Indonesia)
TPL Industrial Sale PT GS Battery (Indonesia) GS
Corporation
Mass V Group PT. Trimitra Baterai Prakasa Megaforce, Primera,
(Indonesia) and Super King
KAPS Auto Parts Mindtrac (S) Pte Ltd. Emtrac
(Singapore)
Exide Battery Philippines Inc. Exide Technologies (USA) Exide

Applications of Lead Acid Batteries
in the Philippines
Automobile (all vehicles)
Motive Industrial and Special

Electric Industries
forklift
Baggage Golf cart

Telco
conveyor

Lifespan of a Lead-Acid Battery in the
Philippines
Public Utility
Vehicles Telco & industries
(PUVs)
6 mos. 1 yr 2 yrs 3 yrs 10 yrs
Tricycles and
motorcycles
Private vehicles

ULABs Collection in the Philippines
Unregistered HW EMB-
Other EMB- Evergreen
Generators (e.g. Informal Registered
Registered TSD EMB-Registered
Recyclers TSD Facility HW
LGUs, bus operators, Facilities
battery distributors) Generators
Automotive Battery Balik Baterya/

Repair Shops Dealers Bantay Baterya
Programs
Junk Shops
Public Transport Private ULAB

(non-fleet e.g., Dumpsites Transport Lead Plate/
tricycles, jeepneys, FX) (Household) Ingot
ULABs Recycling in the Philippines
Formal - TSD facilities that have valid registrations with

EMB to handle ULABs
Informal – Not EMB-registered ULABS TSD facility and
engaged in the business of battery reconditioning and
smelting

INITIAL INVENTORY OF POTENTIAL
LEAD-CONTAMINATED SITES

Initial Inventory of ULABs-Contaminated Sites
in the Philippines
• 282 sites- surveyed through the assistance of

the EMB Ros
• 50 sites - Phase 1 Environmental Site
Assessment was conducted to assess the risks
associated with lead contamination.
• 10 sites- X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) sampling
and analysis was performed
• 3 sites- top priority sites
• Top 1- remediation plan
Initial Inventory of ULABs-Contaminated Sites
in the Philippines
CALABARZON (9)
Central Luzon (26)
NCR (10)
Central Visayas (2)

Western Visayas (1)
Davao Region (1)

Northern Mindanao (1)

National Inventory/Registry of Potential
Lead-Contaminated Sites







ULABs Risk Ranking
Hazard Guidelines on
Ranking the Preliminary
System Assessment
(HRS) Scoring
Modified for ULABs
Risk Ranking for

Potential Lead-Contaminated Sites

ULABs Risk Ranking
GW 2 + SW 2 + S2 + A2
Site PA Score =
4
Where: GW Groundwater Pathway Score

SW Surface Water Pathway
Score
S Soil Pathway Score
A Air Pathway Score

ULABs Risk Ranking
GW L x T x WC
82,500
S
L (Likelihood) - Presence or potential of lead to
W be released to the environmental medium
T (Target) - Receptor populations w/in

S migration pathways and use of
environmental medium as resource
WC (Waste Characteristics) - Quantity of ULABs

A present in the site

Top 3 ULABs-Contaminated Sites
1 – Celica Lead Manufacturing
(Purok 2, Brgy. San Isidro, San Simon, Pampanga)
Main ULAB Activity Lead Smelting
Operational Status Operational
XRF Readings 287 to 98,400 ppm
Risk Ranking Scores  Groundwater - 21
 Surface Water – 30
 Soil – 221
 Air – 137
Receptors Residential, Agricultural, and Industrial Areas
Pathways of Exposure  Inhalation of lead fumes by workers and residents
 Ingestion of lead dust children playing with soil
 Ingestion of lead by eating chicken and ducks raised inside the
compound
 Ingestion of lead by eating crops grown on lead-contaminated soil
2 – Camel Group Metallic Manufacturing Corporation
(Brgy. Paralayunan, Mabalacat, Pampanga)
Main ULAB Activity Lead Smelting
Risk Ranking Score  Groundwater - 18
 Soil – 221
 Air – 84
Receptors Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Areas
 Ingestion of lead by eating chicken raised inside and adjacent to
the compound

3 – 5th RA Trading
(Brgy. Paso de Blas, Valenzuela City)
Main ULAB Activity Recycling
(Battery Breaking and Draining)
Risk Ranking Scores  Groundwater - 38
 Soil – 171
 Air – 111
Receptors Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Areas
 Ingestion of lead by eating chicken raised inside the
compound
Observed Environmental Impacts of ULABs
Contaminated Sites
Chlorosis in leaves of
Stunted plant growth a tree inside a former
in a former lead Stressed vegetation in
a former lead lead smelting plant
smelting plant
smelting plant
INITIAL NATIONAL ACTION PLAN (NAP)
FOR THE ESM OF ULABs

Key Issues on the ESM of ULABs
• Need to strengthen regulations & enforcement

• Incomplete national inventory
• Prevalence of informal activities
• Need to establish national recovery program
• Insufficient health and safety monitoring
• Low public education and awareness
• Lack of guidelines for the management of
contaminated sites
• Monitoring transboundary movement

NAP for the ESM of ULABs
Protect human health and the environment from releases of LEAD through the
Objective 2Objective
Objective 3 - Establish
– 1Minimize
– Strengthen
ULABs National
Objective 5 – Health
Legal/Regulatory & Safety
Controls to and 7 Compliance
Objective
Improve – Manage Sites
and
Objective 8 – Strengthen ESM ofObjective
Objective 4Environmental
– MandatoryULABs
Monitoring
EPR of LeadIEC
6 – Enhance from ULABs
InventoryEnforcement
Generation & Database
Medical
on Surveillance Programs
Contaminated by ULABs
ULABs Management
Objective 8 – Strengthen Environmental Monitoring of Lead from ULABs
Sites Contaminated by
Objective 6 – Enhance
Objective 3 - Establish
Surveillance Programs
& Safety and Medical
Objective 7 – Manage
National Inventory &
Objective 5 – Health
Minimize ULABs
Mandatory EPR
Objective 2 –
Objective 4 –
Transition to
Generation
Database
ULABs
IEC
Objective 1 – Strengthen Legal/Regulatory Controls to
Improve Compliance and Enforcement on ULABs Management

Objective 1 - Strengthen Legal/Regulatory Controls to Improve Compliance and
Enforcement on ULABs Management
Targets
Task Responsible Agency Measures
3-year 6-year 10-year
Facilitate the amendment of RA6969 or the DENR-EMB Approved and enforced amended law on 100% 100% 100%
approval/signing of the proposed Bill on Hazardous Waste Management
Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes
Management
Amend and implement the CCO on Lead DENR-EMB Percentage of lead-acid battery 50% 75% 100%
and Lead-Compounds to include: manufacturers/ importers and ULABs
Pre-importation clearance of lead-acid importers reporting volume of imports
batteries and ULABs Percentage of Exporters of lead-acid 50% 75% 100%
Export clearance for lead ingots and lead- batteries and lead ingots reporting volume of
acid batteries exports
Amend DAO 2013-22: Revised Procedures DENR-EMB Access to ULABs Inventory 100% 100% 100%
and Standards for the Management of Percentage of TSDs for ULABs implementing 100% 100% 100%
Hazardous Wastes to include: Health and Safety Programs
Separate classification for ULABs
Include a requirement for ULABs TSDs to
submit and implement Health and Safety
Programs including medical surveillance of
employees

Objective 1 - Strengthen Legal/Regulatory Controls to Improve Compliance and
Enforcement on ULABs Management
Responsible Targets
Task Measures
Agency 3-year 6-year 10-year
Review and amend the implementing DENR-EMB Percentage of ULABs storage facilities with 33% 67% 100%
guidelines of PD 1586 to ensure ECCs are ECC
secured for all HW storage facilities,
which include junk shops, MRFs,
retailers, and repair shops that store or
collect ULABs
Develop and enforce Technical Manual on DENR-EMB Percentage of ULABs Generators validated 50% 75% 100%
the ESM for ULABs for EMB ROs to for compliance
include compliance monitoring Percentage of ULABs TSDs validated for 100% 100% 100%
compliance
Issue a memorandum circular requiring LTFRB Percentage of PUC operators compliant 50% 75% 100%
Hazardous Wastes Generators ID for all with DAO 2013-22 Revised Procedures
public utility vehicles (PUVs) operators and Standards for the Management of
when they secure and renew Certificate of Hazardous Wastes
Public Convenience (CPC)
Develop and implement local ordinances NSWMC, DILG, Percentage of facilities from these sectors 30% 75% 100%
requiring retailers, bus companies, junk DENR-EMB compliant with DAO 2013-22: Revised
shops, and MRFs handling ULABs to Procedures and Standards for the
secure Hazardous Wastes Generators ID Management of Hazardous Wastes
and/or TSD Registration before issuance
of Business Permit
Objective 2 – Minimize ULABs Generation by Extending Product Life
Responsible Targets
Task Measures
Establish/recognize Technical Committee DTI-BPS Percentage of manufacturers/importers 50% 100% 100%
to review and amend the product complying with the amended revised
standards for lead-acid batteries to product standards for ULABs
ensure ESM requirements are included
such as minimum environmental labelling
Develop and implement standards for DTI-BPS Percentage of lead-acid battery 50% 100% 100%
reconditioned batteries and develop and reconditioning companies with valid
implement scheme for accreditation of accreditation
establishments performing lead-acid
battery reconditioning
Conduct research on alternatives to lead- DOST-ITDI Environmental Technology Evaluation/ - 100% -
acid batteries, whose inputs, processes, Environmental Technology Verification
or products do not pose greater riskthan (ETE/ETV) Report on alternatives to lead-
lead considering the overall life cycle of acid batteries
the materials, products, or processes

Objective 3 – Establish National Inventory and Database of Lead-Acid Batteries
and ULABs
Responsible Targets
Task Measures
Conduct inventory of types and average DOTr (vehicles) Completion of the inventory 100% Updating Updating
lifespan of lead-acid batteries used in the DENR-EMB
following: (establishments)
 Automotives
 IT and security batteries
 Boats
 Golf carts
 Heavy Equipment
 Telecommunications
Strengthen monitoring of import and DOF-BOC Percentage of imports and exports 100% 100% 100%
export of lead-acid batteries and export of DTI-BIS documented
ingots
Upgrade the existing Hazardous Wastes DENR-EMB Upgraded database with timely 100% 100% 100%
Database and specify separate entry for information on ULABs generation
ULABs

Objective 4 – Transition to Mandatory EPR for ULABs
Responsible Targets
Task Measures
Conduct technical and financial study on DENR-EMB Completion of EPR Study 100% - -
enforcing mandatory EPR for lead-acid
batteries including analysis on individual
or collective responsibility
Develop and enforce the needed DENR-EMB Approval and enforcement of the regulatory - 100% 100%
regulatory instruments to implement the instrument
results of the Feasibility Study
Operationalize the mandatory EPR Lead-Acid Percentage of ULABs collected and recycled - 40% 75%
underscoring the need to convert the Battery in an environmentally sound manner
informal sectors as service providers of Producers
the EPR system as part of the ULABs (manufacturers
Management Plan and importers)

Objective 5 – Establish Health & Safety and Medical Surveillance Programs
Responsible Targets
Task Measures
Develop and enforce Occupational Health DOLE-OSHC Percentage reduction of workers exposed to (baseli 30% 50%
and Safety Guidelines for those handling lead due to handling ULABs ne
ULABs underscoring the need for setting)
controls to prevent employees’ exposure
to lead
Develop and implement Medical DOH Percentage of establishments and 30% 100% 100%
Surveillance Program for workers as well LGU surrounding communities monitored for lead
as communities surrounding ULABs exposure
recycling facilities
Strictly implement requirements of OSHS DOLE Percentage of lead-acid battery 50% 75% 100%
Rule 1093 on semi-annual lead monitoring manufacturers and importers and ULABs
for personnel exposed to lead TSD facilities with semi-annual lead
monitoring

Objective 6 – Enhance IEC to Redefine Public Attitudes Towards the ESM of
ULABs
Responsible Targets
Task Measures
Develop and implement Strategic IEC Plan on DENR-EMB Percentage implementation of the Plan 50% 100% 100%
ULABs
Increase in the level of awareness on ULABs and 100% 200% 300%
its environmental and health and safety impacts
from the sectors not currently regulated by EMB
Build and sustain network of information DENR-EMB Percentage participation* of the IATAC member 100% 100% 100%
exchange and communication IATAC of RA 6969 agencies
*Member agencies are implementing their
respective IEC campaign on ULABs (e.g. DTI on
battery care, DOLE on Workers’ Safety, and DOH
on Health Impacts)

Objective 7 – Manage Sites Contaminated by ULABs
Responsible Targets
Task Measures
Develop and enforce standards and guidelines DENR-EMB Approval and implementation of the standards 100% 100% 100%
for lead contaminated sites underscoring and guidelines
clean0up standards, procedure for
determining liabilities, among others
Conduct complete national inventory of sites DENR-EMB Percentage completion of the national inventory 100% Updating Updating
contaminated by ULABs using the approved of sites contaminated by lead due to ULABs
standards and guidelines.
Implement site control and/or site remediation Liable Entity Number of sites remediated, controlled, or 3 5 10
cleaned-up

Objective 8 – Strengthen Environmental Monitoring of Lead from ULABs
Responsible Targets
Task Measures
 Enhance capability of laboratories of DENR-EMB Percentage of EMB ROs with laboratories 50% 100% 100%
EMB ROs in analyzing lead in all capable to analyze lead In all media
media (air, soil, sediment and water)
 Strengthen network with other Percentage of water bodies and ambient air 50% 100% 100%
agencies, institutions, private sector, from ULABs recyclers regularly monitored
etc. for environmental monitoring of for Lead
lead from ULABs handlers
Equip EMB ROs with the tools to conduct DENR-EMB Percentage of EMB ROs with XRF 50% 100% 100%
in-situ testing of lead (e.g. XRF)

LESSONS LEARNED AND BEST PRACTICES

Best Practices
The Bantay and Balik Baterya programs, both of which

are take-back scheme for ULABs, facilitates ULABs
collection and ensures that these hazardous wastes are
properly disposed/treated through DENR-EMB
accredited treatment, storage, and disposal facility
Working with LGUs during surveys and site inspections
facilitated access of the project team to the informal
sector as well as enhanced LGU’s knowledge on the
health impacts of lead, ESM of ULABs, and management
of lead-contaminated sites.

Lessons Learned – Policy and
regulatory controls
Need to ensure cohesive regulatory controls across the supply
chain of ULABs resulting to loopholes in enforcement; allowing
opportunities for informal recycling
Existing control are fragmented and unclear on the coverage
Importation clearance from EMB is needed for import of ULABs but
not for import and export of LABs. Chemical Control Order for Lead
does not cover LABs and DAO 2013-22 covers only importation of
hazardous wastes such as ULABs
Wholesaler, retailers, junkshops, maintenance service / reconditioning
shops are unregulated thereby creating a market for informal recyclers
or unsafe ULABs recycling

Lessons Learned – National Recycling
Programs on ULABs
Need to evaluate effectiveness and efficiency of
collection, pricing, siting and networking of registered
ULABs recycling facilities
Current programs are voluntary and mostly participated by
establishments in the national capital region and nearby areas
Only one recycling facility is directly linked to the National
ULABs Recycling program
Price of rebates from returning ULABs to Balik Baterya/Bantay
Baterya is lower than the junkshops’ buying price of ULABs

Lessons Learned – Social Aspects
Challenge in supporting micro and small businesses while ensuring

environmental protection
Most unsafe ULABs recycling are performed by micro and small businesses;
some are even backyard businesses whose sole purpose is to earn enough
money to survive and where health and safety and environmental
protection are the least of their concern
Some of these businesses are collecting ULABs and use them to provide
power for radios, electric fans, and desk lamps; when fully discharged these
are then sold to informal recyclers
Battery reconditioning is prevalent in areas where there is no proximate
ULABs recycling facility or where supply of lead-acid batteries is low such
as those in rural areas.

Lessons Learned – LGUs and
Stakeholders’ Participation
Need to involve LGUs in strengthening enforcement
Informal recyclers are directly governed by LGUs whether
at the city/ municipal or barangay level; thus these LGUs
can directly control the performance of these sector
Strong stakeholders’ participation is needed to solicit
support in convincing informal sectors to shift to safe
ULABs recycling practices

Lessons Learned – Lead Exposure and
Environmental Monitoring
Limited information on recorded impacts of lead
to human health
Monitoring of public and worker health are not strictly
implemented. Most of the information come from
interviews with the surrounding community only.
No local compelling evidence that releases of lead from
ULABs has resulted to negative ill-health effects; an
important consideration for a Filipino mindset

THANK YOU!


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Reducing Environmental and Health

Risks to Vulnerable Communities from

Maria Leonie Lynn H. Ruiz

Maria Leonie Lynn H. Ruiz

Maria Leonie Lynn H. Ruiz

To promote the environmentally sound

Maria Leonie Lynn H. Ruiz

MARIA LEONIE LYNN H. RUIZ

Maria Leonie Lynn H. Ruiz

MARIA LEONIE LYNN H. RUIZ

Philippine Batteries, Inc. (PBI)

Importer Manufacturer Brand

MARIA LEONIE LYNN H. RUIZ

Motive Industrial and Special

Baggage Golf cart

MARIA LEONIE LYNN H. RUIZ

6 mos. 1 yr 2 yrs 3 yrs 10 yrs

MARIA LEONIE LYNN H. RUIZ

Automotive Battery Balik Baterya/

Public Transport Private ULAB

Formal - TSD facilities that have valid registrations with

MARIA LEONIE LYNN H. RUIZ

Maria Leonie Lynn H. Ruiz

• 282 sites- surveyed through the assistance of

Central Visayas (2)

Davao Region (1)

MARIA LEONIE LYNN H. RUIZ

MARIA LEONIE LYNN H. RUIZ

MARIA LEONIE LYNN H. RUIZ

MARIA LEONIE LYNN H. RUIZ

MARIA LEONIE LYNN H. RUIZ

MARIA LEONIE LYNN H. RUIZ

MARIA LEONIE LYNN H. RUIZ

MARIA LEONIE LYNN H. RUIZ

Modified for ULABs

Risk Ranking for

MARIA LEONIE LYNN H. RUIZ

Where: GW Groundwater Pathway Score

MARIA LEONIE LYNN H. RUIZ

T (Target) - Receptor populations w/in

WC (Waste Characteristics) - Quantity of ULABs

MARIA LEONIE LYNN H. RUIZ

MARIA LEONIE LYNN H. RUIZ

Maria Leonie Lynn H. Ruiz

• Need to strengthen regulations & enforcement

MARIA LEONIE LYNN H. RUIZ

Objective 8 – Strengthen Environmental Monitoring of Lead from ULABs

MARIA LEONIE LYNN H. RUIZ

Maria Leonie Lynn H. Ruiz

Maria Leonie Lynn H. Ruiz

Maria Leonie Lynn H. Ruiz

Maria Leonie Lynn H. Ruiz

Maria Leonie Lynn H. Ruiz

Maria Leonie Lynn H. Ruiz

Maria Leonie Lynn H. Ruiz

Maria Leonie Lynn H. Ruiz

Maria Leonie Lynn H. Ruiz

The Bantay and Balik Baterya programs, both of which

Maria Leonie Lynn H. Ruiz