Farahwahab Fatimatuzzehra: Prepared by

PREPARED BY
FARAHWAHAB
FATIMATUZZEHRA
WHAT IS PRIMARY HEALTH
CARE ?
HEALTH CARE PLANING SHOULD ENSURE THE
PROVISION OF APPROPRIATE PERSONNEL NEEDED
FOR EFFECTIVE , EFFICIENT, APPROPRIATE,
ACCEPTABLE AND SAFE DELIVERY OF HEALTH
SERVICES THAT A NATION CAN AFFORD .
Primary health care is the first point of contact for health care for most
people. It is mainly provided by GPs (general practitioners) but
community pharmacists, opticians and dentists are also primary
healthcare providers.
The aim is to provide an easily accessible route to care, whatever the

patient’s problem. Primary health care is based on caring for people
rather than specific diseases. This means that professionals working in
primary care are generalists, dealing with a broad range of physical,
psychological and social problems, rather than specialists in any
particular disease area.
An important role is acting as the patient’s advocate and coordinating

the care of the many people who have multiple health problems. Since
primary care practitioners often care for people over extended periods
of time, the relationship between patient and doctor is particularly
important. Primary health care involves providing treatment for
common illnesses, the management of long term illnesses such as
diabetes and heart disease and the prevention of future ill-health
through advice, immunization and screening programs.
Declaration of Alma-Ata
The International Conference on Primary Health Care,

meeting in Alma-Ata this twelfth day of September in the
year Nineteen hundred and seventy-eight, expressing the
need for urgent action by all governments, all health and
development workers, and the world community to
protect and promote the health of all the people of the
world.
OBJECTIVES OF ALMA ATA
 TO promote the concept of primary health care
 TO evaluate the present health care situation
 TO define the principles of primary health care
 TO define the roles of governmental , national and

international organisations
 TO formulate recommendations for the

development
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE INCLUDE ATLEAST:
 Education about prevailing health problems and methods of

preventing and controlling them
 Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition
 An adequate supply of safe water basic sanitation
 Maternal and child health care , including family planning
 Immunization against infectious diseases
 Prevention and control of endemic diseases
 Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries
 Provision of essential drug
The International Conference on Primary Health Care calls for
urgent and effective national and international action to develop
and implement primary health care throughout the world and
particularly in developing countries in a spirit of technical
cooperation and in keeping with a New International Economic
Order. It urges governments, WHO and UNICEF, and other
international organizations, as well as multilateral and bilateral
agencies, nongovernmental organizations, funding agencies, all
health workers and the whole world community to support
national and international commitment to primary health care
and to channel increased technical and financial support to it,
particularly in developing countries. The Conference calls on all
the aforementioned to collaborate in introducing, developing and
maintaining primary health care in accordance with the spirit
and content of this Declaration.
AIMS OF PHC
Primary prevention includes health promotion activities such as:
 health education
 Good standard for nutrition adjusted to development phases

of life
 Attention of personality development
 provision of adequate housing and recreation as well as

agreeable working conditions
BENEFITS OF PHC
 Improved health outcomes at the population level
 Improved equity in health outcomes and access to

health services
 Better efficiency of health system as a whole ,less

cost
 More satisfaction of users with health services

PRINCIPLES OF PRIMARY
HEALTH CARE
1. EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION
2. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
3. INTERSECTORAL COORDINATION
4. APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
5. FOCUS ON PREVENTION
Distribution Of PHC
Distribution of primary health care means
‘universal access to health services irrespective of
the ability to pay’
Lack of equitable distribution of health care means that some
people do not even get a decent basic minimum of care while
some populations have a concentrated health services
It means to invest more resources in areas where it is needed

more.
Higher priority needs to be given to high risk groups like women,

children, under-privileged segments and under served areas.
Activities must be undertaken to identify those at high risk, to

provide continnum of care to them and eliminate factors
contributing to ill health
Goals of PHC:
The ultimate goal of primary health care is better health for all.
The WHO has identified five key elements to achieving that goal:
1.Reducing exclusion and social disparities in health (universal

coverage reforms).
2.Organizing health services around people's needs and

expectations (service delivery reforms).
3. Integrating health into all sectors (public policy reforms).
4. Self Reliance
5.Community Involvement
Global Targets
All people in every country will have access at least to essential
health care and to first level referral facilities
all people will be actively involved in caring for themselves and

families, as far as they can , in community action for health.
communities will share responsibility for their health
Safe drinking sanitation will be availabe to all people.
All people will be adequately nourished.
All possible ways will be applied to prevent and control non

communicable diseases and promote mental health through
influencing life styles, and controlling the physical and
psychological enviornment.
Causes of Failure
Managerial Deficiencies
Service Delivery Failure
Community Causes
Managerial Deficiencies
Lack of trained managers
Lack of selection and training criteria for managers
Lack of proper performance evaluation of health

managers
Lack of motivation leading to professional and

financial corruption
Service Delivery Failure
25-30% of PHC facilities have been ill planned and care usually
out of reach of the rural community where logistics problems is
as big issue as is poverty.
Lack of standard management protocols for common PHC

problems
Off and on and un-rational drug policy of the health department
Lack of clear cut policy, regulatory and organizational

mechanisms resulting in haphazard experiments.
COMMUNITY CAUSES
Community participation has been virtually non
existent in PHC
Gap in community and public sector has widened

the bridge
Health education has been given a backseat in PHC
Low literacy levels and economic deprivation has

forced people to shift entire responsibility of their
health on state shoulders
THANKYOU

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PREPARED BY

The aim is to provide an easily accessible route to care, whatever the

An important role is acting as the patient’s advocate and coordinating

The International Conference on Primary Health Care,

 TO evaluate the present health care situation

 TO define the principles of primary health care

 TO define the roles of governmental , national and

 TO formulate recommendations for the

 Education about prevailing health problems and methods of

 Good standard for nutrition adjusted to development phases

 Attention of personality development

 provision of adequate housing and recreation as well as

 Improved equity in health outcomes and access to

 Better efficiency of health system as a whole ,less

 More satisfaction of users with health services

It means to invest more resources in areas where it is needed

Higher priority needs to be given to high risk groups like women,

Activities must be undertaken to identify those at high risk, to

1.Reducing exclusion and social disparities in health (universal

2.Organizing health services around people's needs and

3. Integrating health into all sectors (public policy reforms).

all people will be actively involved in caring for themselves and

communities will share responsibility for their health

Safe drinking sanitation will be availabe to all people.

All people will be adequately nourished.

All possible ways will be applied to prevent and control non

Service Delivery Failure

Lack of selection and training criteria for managers

Lack of proper performance evaluation of health

Lack of motivation leading to professional and

Lack of standard management protocols for common PHC

Off and on and un-rational drug policy of the health department

Lack of clear cut policy, regulatory and organizational

Gap in community and public sector has widened

Health education has been given a backseat in PHC

Low literacy levels and economic deprivation has

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