Heat Treatment Analysis using the

Heat Treatment Calculator (H.T.C)

Sham Kashyap
Computing and Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Overview
 Introduction
 Equations
 Graphical Analysis
 Issues
 Other Applications
 Discussion
Introduction
 H.T.C is a software program coded in Visual Basic
using Microsoft Visual Studio .NET.
 It calculates
 The amount of energy and fuel needed for the heat
treatment of the facility.
 Provides a graphical analysis of variations of fuel
consumption with respect to changes in temperature and
duration of heat treatment.
Equations
 Surfaces
qS  T  Area  U
ΔT: Temperature difference of the
or exposed wall.
  U: Coefficient of heat transfer of
1 the material.
qS  T  Area    k: Thermal Conductivity
x
  x: Thickness
k
Equation applied to walls, windows, doors, ceiling and
floor
Equations
 Infiltration

qI  T  0.018  Volume  aircirculations

 Steel
qSt  T  0.12  Steelweight
 Total
qTotal   qS  qI  qSt
Equations
 Fuel consumption

 qTotal  1 qunit is the amount of energy

Fuel    produced by the fuel per
 qunit  efficiency unit

 The required energy is converted into fuel

consumption to estimate the cost of energy needed
Equations

 In the software, the user has the option of

– Changing efficiency values of fuels suiting the
machinery used for heat up.
– Choosing Raise and Peak Phases of the heat
treatment
– Adding new structural materials, fuels to the
database
Graphical Analysis using HTC
 It can be used to predict the effects of a particular
variation in heat treatment setting.
 In this sense, it is a tool to virtually compare two heat
treatments on a building with different temperature and
fuel settings.
 In this presentation, we take up an example and run
the various analysis tools.
Facility Description
Rooms: Floor 1: 3 Steel : 3000 Pounds
Floor 2: 2 Volume: 175616 Cubic Feet
Floor 3: 4 Air circulations per hour: 3
Floor 4: 2

Temperature Settings: Target Temperature 140 F

Outside 75 F Target Rate of Increase 5.4 F/hr
Inside 80 F in temperature
Ground 65 F
Period 48 Hours
Cost of fuels
 Effects of variation in target temperature
Target Temperature Vs Cost Rise

1200
Cost of Energy Source ($)

1000

800
Electricity
600 Propane
Natural Gas
400

200

0
100
104
108
112
116
120
124
128
132
136
140
144
148
Required Temperature (F)
Cost of fuels
 Effects of variation in duration of heat treatment
Duration of treament Vs Cost Rise

1600
Cost of Energy Source ($)

1400
1200
1000 Electricity Cost
800 Propane Cost
600 Natural Gas Cost
400
200
0

Duration
Cost of fuels
 Effects of variation in starting temperature
Starting Temperature Vs Cost Rise

1600
Cost of Energy Source ($)

1400
1200
1000 Electricity Cost
800 Propane Cost
600 Natural Gas Cost
400
200
0
32
38
44
50
56
62
68
74
80
86
92
98

Starting Temperature (F)

 Fuel consumption
 Effects of variation in target temperature
Target Temperature Vs Raise in Fuel Target Temperature Vs Electricity Requirement
Consumption
14000
700 12000
600 10000

Electricity (kwh)
Fuels (Gallons)

500
Propane Req 8000
400 Electricity
Number2 Oil Req 6000
300
Number6 Oil Req
200 4000
100 2000
0 0

100
104
108
112
116
120
124
128
132
136
140
144
148
Target Temperature (F) Temperature (F)
 Fuel consumption
 Effects of variation in target temperature
Target Temperature Vs Natural Gas Target Temperature Vs Steam requirement

700 100

Steam at 15 psg, 50% efficiency

Thousands
90
600
80
Natural Gas (therm)

500 70
60

(pounds)
400
Natural Gas 50 Steam
300 40
200 30
20
100 10
0 0
100
104
108

116
120
124
128
132
136
140
144
148
112

Temperature (F) Temperature (F)

Fuel consumption
 Effects of increase in starting temperature

Starting Temperature Vs Raise in Fuel Consumption Starting Temperature Vs Electricity Requirement

1000 20000
900 18000
800 16000
700 14000
Fuels (Gallons)

Electricity (kwh)
600 Propane Req 12000
500 Number2 Oil Req 10000 Electricity
400 Number6 Oil Req 8000
300 6000
200 4000
2000
100
0
0
32
39
46
53
60
67
74
81
88
95

Starting Temperature (F) Temperature (F)

Fuel consumption
 Effects of variation in starting temperature
Starting Temperature Vs Natural Gas Starting Temperature Vs Steam requirement

1000 140

Steam at 15 psg, 50% efficiency

Thousands
900 120
Natural Gas (therm)

800
700 100

(pounds)
600 80
500 Natural Gas Steam
400 60
300 40
200
100 20
0 0
38
44

68
74
80

98
32

50
56
62

86
92

32
38
44
50
56
62
68
74
80
86
92
98
Temperature (F) Temperature (F)
Energy absorption in different
materials
 Effects of increase in target temperature

Target Temperature Vs Heat supply

45 Total Heat Req in

Millions

40 BTUs
Heat Requirement

35
Grnd Heat Req
30
25
Roof Heat Req
20
15
Infil Heat Req
10
5
SteelHeat Req
0
100
105

145
150
110
115
120
125
130
135
140

WallsHeat Req
Temperature
Energy absorption in different
materials
 Effects of increase in target temperature
Starting Temperature Vs Heat supply

70 Total Heat Req in

Millions

60 BTUs
Heat Requirement

50 Grnd Heat Req

40
Roof Heat Req
30
20 Infil Heat Req
10
SteelHeat Req
0
32
39
46
53
60
67
74
81
88
95

WallsHeat Req
Temperature
Issues

 Heat absorption by different materials

 Un-accountable losses
 Correction factor
 Effects of humidity and pressure
 Model verification
Heat Absorption and Temperature
Rise

Variations in Heat Absorption

190

170
T em p eratu re (F )

150

130

110
Steel
90 Structure
Am bient
70

50
Start Rise Peak Start Peak Fall
Tim e
Screenshots
Screenshots
Screenshots
Screenshots
Screenshots
Other Applications
 How to reach a trade off between amount of fuel used,
target temperature, peak temperature duration.
 If using multiple sources of energy, how to share
energy requirement.
 Insect Mortality.
References
1. William H. Severns, Julian R. Fellows, “Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning
Fundamentals” Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc 1949.
2. Burgess H. Jennings, “The Thermal Environment” Harper & Row, 1978.
3. Thomas J. Imholte,”A guide to the Sanitary Design of Food Plamsts and Food
Plam Equipment, Engineering for Food Safety and Sanitaion “ Second Edition
Discussion