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    Gaya Sentral

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    Venina
    1. Central force is a force that depends only on the distance between two objects and acts along the line connecting them. Examples include gravitational force and Coulomb force. 2. The motion of objects under a central force can be described using conservation of angular momentum and energy. Elliptical orbits are possible for attractive central forces. 3. For a central force F(r), the equation of motion in terms of the radial coordinate r or the angular coordinate θ can be derived and solved to obtain the orbit.

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    Gaya Sentral

    Uploaded by

    Venina
    198 views19 pages
    1. Central force is a force that depends only on the distance between two objects and acts along the line connecting them. Examples include gravitational force and Coulomb force. 2. The motion of objects under a central force can be described using conservation of angular momentum and energy. Elliptical orbits are possible for attractive central forces. 3. For a central force F(r), the equation of motion in terms of the radial coordinate r or the angular coordinate θ can be derived and solved to obtain the orbit.

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    1. Central force is a force that depends only on the distance between two objects and acts along the line connecting them. Examples include gravitational force and Coulomb force. 2. The motion of objects under a central force can be described using conservation of angular momentum and energy. Elliptical orbits are possible for attractive central forces. 3. For a central force F(r), the equation of motion in terms of the radial coordinate r or the angular coordinate θ can be derived and solved to obtain the orbit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    198 views19 pages

    Gaya Sentral

    Uploaded by

    Venina
    1. Central force is a force that depends only on the distance between two objects and acts along the line connecting them. Examples include gravitational force and Coulomb force. 2. The motion of objects under a central force can be described using conservation of angular momentum and energy. Elliptical orbits are possible for attractive central forces. 3. For a central force F(r), the equation of motion in terms of the radial coordinate r or the angular coordinate θ can be derived and solved to obtain the orbit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    GAYA SENTRAL

    Much. Azam
    Gaya sentral
     Gaya Sentral adalah gaya antara 2 benda yang hanya
    merupakan fungsi dari jarak r antara dua buah benda
    tersebut. Arah gayanya adalah arah vektor penghubung
    antara 2 benda tersebut.
     Bila salah satu benda dianggap sebagai lingkungan &
    terletak di titik asal, maka gaya sentral dapat dituliskan :

     Contoh : 1. Gaya gravitasi ---> Gerakan orbit planet


    2. Gaya Coulomb ----> Hamburan Rutherford
    3. Gaya Vanderwalls --->

    4. Gaya Nuklir Yukawa --->


    Untuk 1 benda
     1. Gaya sentral F hanya fungsi posisi sehingga bersifat konservatif

    Untuk kearah sumbu x


    Dengan cara sama , dan

    Maka
    Ditinjau dua benda bermassa m1 dan m2 dan berjarak r

    ====> gaya tarik

    --------> gaya tolak

    Jika R adalah koordinat titik pusat massa dari kedua benda tersebut

    Karena tidak ada gaya luar


    Untuk r

    = massa tereduksi
    maka

    Untuk

    menjadi

    2. Gerakan gaya sentral dalam bidang Datar

    dan
     r dan p selalu terletak pada bidang yang tegak lurus terhadap L

    3. Persamaan gerak gaya sentral


    Gaya sentral

    dan

    4. Momentum Anguler dan Energi

    Karena konstan ( besar dan arah) maka


    5. Luasan daerah yang disapu sama

    Dalam satu periode


    Jika r meningkat maka v menurun dan sebaliknya

    Persamaaan geraknya

    Gaya efektifnya

    Gaya sentrifugal :

    Jadi

    Potensial efektifnya
    .

    Lintasan untuk gaya sentral secara umum dapat dicari sbb:

     V r 
    1 2 1 L
    E  mr  2
    2 2 mr
    1 2 L2  2 L2 
    E   mr    V r 
    2  r 
    dr
      E  V r   
    2 2 
    mr  dt m 2mr 
    r dr
    t
    2 L2 
    r
     E  V r   
    2 
    m 2mr 

    Agar mudah dikerjakan dapat dituliskan r yang berubah terhadap waktu (t)
    diganti dengan r yang berubah terhadap θ.
    1 1 𝑑𝑟 1
    u r =− 2
    r u 𝑑𝑢 𝑢

    sehingga kecepatan dalam arah r dapat ditulis:

    dr dr d
    r   
    dt d dt

    dr du d 1 du 
      
    du d dt u d
    2

    2
    L Lu
    Karena L  mr 2   2 
    mr m

    maka 1 du  Lu 2  L du
    r   2    
    u d  m  m d
    𝐿 𝑑 𝑑𝑢 𝐿 𝑑 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝜃
     𝑟ሷ = − ( )=− ( )
    𝑚 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝜃 𝑚 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑡

    𝐿 𝑑2 𝑢 𝐿2 𝑢2 𝑑 2 𝑢
    = − ( 2 )𝜃ሶ = − 2 2
    𝑚 𝑑𝜃 𝑚 𝑑𝜃

    Persamaan gayanya, diubah dari fungsi r menjadi fungsi u :

    F r   mr  mr 2
    1 L2u 2 d 2u L2 3
    F     u
    u m d 2
    m

    d 2u m 1 Solusi persamaannya u sebagai fungsi θ


     u   2 2 F( )
    d 2
    Lu u

    u    r   persamaannya u sebagai fungsi θ diubah


    menjadi r sebagai fungsi θ
    Contoh:
    Sebuah partikel bermassa m bergerak dengan lintasan r   , jika
    Κ adalah tetapan. Tentukan gaya F sebagai fungsi r.
    Jawab.

    d 2u m  1
     u   F ÷ 1 1
    u 
    𝑑𝑢 1
    =− 2
    d 2
    L u u
    2 2
    r  𝑑𝜃 𝜃
    d 2
    u 2 2 2
    dan    2 2 3
    u
    d  
    2 3 3
    r
    m 1
     2 3
    2 u u    F
    L u u
    2 2

      u  2u 5 
    1 L2 3
    F
    u m
    L  1 2 
    2
    karena u
    1
     Fr    3 5
    r m r r 

    Tugas!
    Cari Fr untuk benda bergerak dengan lintasan r  
    2
    Bentuk gaya umum

    K tetapan, n=1 gaya osilator harmonik

    n= -2 gaya gravitasi , gaya coulomb

    1
    o
    r
    u

    F r  
    K
    Untuk gaya dengan K tetapan
    r2
    Contoh:
    Jarak terdekat asteroid ke
    matahari

    Kecepatan asteroid

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