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    Chapter 4 (Continues) : Pipe Network

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    arionbothra
    The document discusses water distribution pipe networks and leak detection methods. It provides details on three key topics: 1) EPANET, a software that simulates flow and water quality in pipe networks over time. It tracks flow, pressure, storage heights, and concentrations. 2) Implementing leakage control programs through water audits to determine water loss and leak detection surveys using devices like leak noise correlators that pinpoint leaks automatically based on acoustic signals. 3) How leak noise correlators work by measuring acoustic leak signals at two points, determining the time lag between signals through cross-correlation, and calculating the leak location based on that lag and known pipe properties.

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    Chapter 4 (Continues) : Pipe Network

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    arionbothra
    27 views49 pages
    The document discusses water distribution pipe networks and leak detection methods. It provides details on three key topics: 1) EPANET, a software that simulates flow and water quality in pipe networks over time. It tracks flow, pressure, storage heights, and concentrations. 2) Implementing leakage control programs through water audits to determine water loss and leak detection surveys using devices like leak noise correlators that pinpoint leaks automatically based on acoustic signals. 3) How leak noise correlators work by measuring acoustic leak signals at two points, determining the time lag between signals through cross-correlation, and calculating the leak location based on that lag and known pipe properties.

    Original Description:

    WATERWORKS

    Original Title

    62186_Chapter 4 Hawang 2

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    The document discusses water distribution pipe networks and leak detection methods. It provides details on three key topics: 1) EPANET, a software that simulates flow and water quality in pipe networks over time. It tracks flow, pressure, storage heights, and concentrations. 2) Implementing leakage control programs through water audits to determine water loss and leak detection surveys using devices like leak noise correlators that pinpoint leaks automatically based on acoustic signals. 3) How leak noise correlators work by measuring acoustic leak signals at two points, determining the time lag between signals through cross-correlation, and calculating the leak location based on that lag and known pipe properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    27 views49 pages

    Chapter 4 (Continues) : Pipe Network

    Uploaded by

    arionbothra
    The document discusses water distribution pipe networks and leak detection methods. It provides details on three key topics: 1) EPANET, a software that simulates flow and water quality in pipe networks over time. It tracks flow, pressure, storage heights, and concentrations. 2) Implementing leakage control programs through water audits to determine water loss and leak detection surveys using devices like leak noise correlators that pinpoint leaks automatically based on acoustic signals. 3) How leak noise correlators work by measuring acoustic leak signals at two points, determining the time lag between signals through cross-correlation, and calculating the leak location based on that lag and known pipe properties.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 49

    Chapter 4 (continues)

    Pipe Network
    Hardy-Cross Method
    Is a method of successive approximations based
    on:
    1- at any junction, sum(Q) =0.0 (junction
    equation)
    2- between any two junctions the total head loss is
    independent of the path taken (loop equation)
    EPANET
    EPANET

    EPANET is a Windows 95/98/NT program that 


    performs:
    extended period simulation of hydraulic and water-quality behavior 
    within pressurized pipe networks.
    A network can consist of: 
    pipes, nodes (pipe junctions), pumps, valves and storage 
    tanks or reservoirs.
    EPANET tracks the flow of water in each pipe, the 
    pressure at each node, the height of water in each tank,
    and the concentration of a chemical species throughout
    the network during a simulation period comprised of
    multiple time steps.
    In addition to chemical species, water age and source 
    .tracing can also be simulated
    Detecting Leaks in Water-Distribution
    Pipes
    Leakage occurs in different components of the 
    distribution system: transmission pipes, distribution
    pipes, service connection pipes, joints, valves, and fire
    hydrants.
    Causes of leaks include corrosion, material defects, 
    faulty installation, excessive water pressure, water
    hammer, ground movement due to drought or freezing,
    and excessive loads and vibration from road traffic.
    Figure 1. Leakage leads to damage to the pipe network, e.g., erosion
    of pipe bedding and pipe breaks, and to foundations of roads and
    buildings.
    Implementation of leakage-control programs

    Economic constraints, concern over public 


    health risk and the need to conserve water
    Systematic leakage-control programs have two 
    main components:
    water audits and 
    leak-detection surveys. 
    Water Audits

    Water audits determine the amount of water loss in the 


    distribution system.
    These audits require detailed accounting of water flow 
    into and out of the distribution system, usually based
    on past meter records and flow meter accuracy checks.
    The comprehensive nature of network-wide audits 
    entails significant effort, especially for large systems.
    Figure 3. A leak noise correlator is a portable microprocessor-
    based device that pinpoints leaks automatically.
    Leak Noise Correlators

    Portable microprocessor-based devices that pinpoint leaks automatically 


    based on the cross-correlation method (Figure 3)
    Acoustic leak signals are measured with vibration sensors or hydrophones at 
    two pipe contact points (usually fire hydrants or valves) that bracket the
    location of a suspected leak.
    Leak signals are transmitted from the sensors to the correlator wirelessly. 
    The leak is in most cases located asymmetrically between measurement points 
    and consequently there is a time lag between the measured leak signals.
    The time lag is found from the cross-correlation function of the leak signals. 
    In the presence of a leak, the crosscorrelation function has a distinct peak at 
    the time shift between leak signals.
    The location of the leak is calculated based on an algebraic relationship 
    between the time lag, the sensor-to-sensor distance, and the propagation
    velocity of sound waves in the pipe (Figure 4).
    The distance between sensors is measured on site or read from distribution 
    system maps. Propagation velocities for various pipe types and sizes are
    usually available in most commercial devices, or they can be measured easily
    on site.
    Figure 4. Schematic illustration of the cross-correlation method for pinpointing leaks in water
    pipes
    Ch4 -
    continues
    Water Hammer in Pipelines
    & Surge Tanks

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