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    SRGG

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    Pinky Longalong
    The document discusses two types of product misrepresentation: intentional and unintentional. It then provides examples of direct misrepresentation such as deceptive packaging, adulteration, misbranding, short weighing, shortchanging, short measuring, short numbering, and misleading advertising. The document also discusses indirect misrepresentation through omission of information and caveat emptor ("let the buyer beware"). Business ignorance is provided as an example of indirect misrepresentation.

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    SRGG

    Uploaded by

    Pinky Longalong
    115 views31 pages
    The document discusses two types of product misrepresentation: intentional and unintentional. It then provides examples of direct misrepresentation such as deceptive packaging, adulteration, misbranding, short weighing, shortchanging, short measuring, short numbering, and misleading advertising. The document also discusses indirect misrepresentation through omission of information and caveat emptor ("let the buyer beware"). Business ignorance is provided as an example of indirect misrepresentation.

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    SRGG

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    The document discusses two types of product misrepresentation: intentional and unintentional. It then provides examples of direct misrepresentation such as deceptive packaging, adulteration, misbranding, short weighing, shortchanging, short measuring, short numbering, and misleading advertising. The document also discusses indirect misrepresentation through omission of information and caveat emptor ("let the buyer beware"). Business ignorance is provided as an example of indirect misrepresentation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    115 views31 pages

    SRGG

    Uploaded by

    Pinky Longalong
    The document discusses two types of product misrepresentation: intentional and unintentional. It then provides examples of direct misrepresentation such as deceptive packaging, adulteration, misbranding, short weighing, shortchanging, short measuring, short numbering, and misleading advertising. The document also discusses indirect misrepresentation through omission of information and caveat emptor ("let the buyer beware"). Business ignorance is provided as an example of indirect misrepresentation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 31

    PRODUCT

    MISREPRESENTATION AND
    CAVEAT EMPTOR
    TWO TYPES OF MISREPRESENTATION
    Intentional Unintentional
    misrepresentation misrepresentation
    - A scenario whereby the  A scenario whereby the
    person is fully aware or person is not aware and
    deliberately does not deliberately act
    misrepresents things, on misrepresenting
    commonly known as things. It is a situation
    lying. where the person involved
    believes it is right and
    acceptable.
     It is commonly called as
    white lie.
    LYING

     The act of making others believe something that


    they themselves, do not believe in.
     It happens when somebody tries to convince
    others with untrue statement.
    St. Augutine defines lying as…

    “Locutio contra mentern cum


    intentione fallendi”
    Which means a speech that is
    contrary to what the person is
    thinking with the intention to
    deceive.
    TYPES OF LYING
     Use of ambiguous terms- is the act of deliberately using
    vague terms or open-ended statements that can have
    several meanings to mislead people that one is telling
    truth.
     Use of false statement- is the act of making a statement
    from which false conclusions may be drawn eventually
    misleading others.
     Through action- the person gets caught in the act of
    wrongdoing.
     Suppression of correct information- act of hiding the
    correct information which mislead others.
    Lying becomes sinful when:

    1. It leads the neighbor error.


    2. It breaches a promise.
    3. It violates the nature of speech
    Lying can be morally justified when:

    1. Used to protect innocent people.


    2. Used to protect national security/
    important secrets
    3. Used in the name of self defense
    4. Used in protection of bodily integrity
    DIRECT
    MISREPRESENTATION
    Characterized by actively misrepresenting something
    about the product or service. It gives the business a
    bad name because deception and lying are used in
    the process of selling the product to the customers.
    Deceptive Packaging

    the objective is to create an impression


    wherein the buyers or the end users will
    see the improvement, either by size or
    by weight without any change in the
    prize.
    Example of Deceptive Packaging

    Lays Pringles
    Adulteration

    the unethical practice of corrupting a genuine


    commodity by imitating or by adding something to
    increase its bulk or volume, or even by substituting
    an inferior product for a superior one for the
    purpose of profit/gain.
    Example of Adulteration
    Misbranding/ Mislabeling

    the act of copying a product’s design to


    the closest possible way giving an
    impression that it is the same with
    leading brand.
    Example of Misbranding/ Mislabeling
    Short Weighing

    the most common type of direct


    misrepresentation.
    Example of Short Weighing
    Shortchanging

    taken directly from a situation where the


    seller gives the customer less than the
    change he should get.
    Example of Shortchanging
    Short measuring

    An unethical observed in products that


    depend on length and/or volume
    Example of short measuring
    Short numbering

    the seller gives the consumer the quantity


    by piece of the product less than the number
    he has paid for
    Example of short numbering
    Misleading Advertising

    the use of false or misleading statements in


    advertising, and misrepresentation of the
    product at hand, which may negatively affect
    many stakeholders, especially consumers.
    Example of Misleading
    Advertising
    Indirect
    Misinterpretation
     Is characterized by omitting adverse
    information about the product or
    service.
     It is passive deception and not as
    obvious compared to direct
    misrepresentation.
    Careat Emptor

    “ let the buyer beware”


    Business Ignorance

     is passive deception because the


    businessman is unable to provide the
    customer with the complete information he
    needs to make fair decision.
    Ignorance of Cost

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