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    Database:: BMS: File Management Software and Is Used For Organizing, Accessing The Data in Database

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    The document discusses different database models including hierarchical, network, and relational models and their characteristics. It also covers key concepts in database management systems like atomicity, relations, and advantages of using a database like avoiding data redundancy, maintaining data integrity, and allowing flexible data access. The relational database model uses tables to represent data and supports powerful operations through SQL to manipulate the data while ensuring properties like atomicity.

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    Database:: BMS: File Management Software and Is Used For Organizing, Accessing The Data in Database

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    Rabia21
    22 views13 pages
    The document discusses different database models including hierarchical, network, and relational models and their characteristics. It also covers key concepts in database management systems like atomicity, relations, and advantages of using a database like avoiding data redundancy, maintaining data integrity, and allowing flexible data access. The relational database model uses tables to represent data and supports powerful operations through SQL to manipulate the data while ensuring properties like atomicity.

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    The document discusses different database models including hierarchical, network, and relational models and their characteristics. It also covers key concepts in database management systems like atomicity, relations, and advantages of using a database like avoiding data redundancy, maintaining data integrity, and allowing flexible data access. The relational database model uses tables to represent data and supports powerful operations through SQL to manipulate the data while ensuring properties like atomicity.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    22 views13 pages

    Database:: BMS: File Management Software and Is Used For Organizing, Accessing The Data in Database

    Uploaded by

    Rabia21
    The document discusses different database models including hierarchical, network, and relational models and their characteristics. It also covers key concepts in database management systems like atomicity, relations, and advantages of using a database like avoiding data redundancy, maintaining data integrity, and allowing flexible data access. The relational database model uses tables to represent data and supports powerful operations through SQL to manipulate the data while ensuring properties like atomicity.

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Database:

    BMS:
    • It is application software as opposed
    file management software and is used
    for organizing, accessing the data in
    database.
    • MS-Access
    • Oracle SQL/PL
    Flat File Processing System
    • In Flat file processing environment a large
    file is maintained and all the data is kept
    and maintained in that file.
    Disadvantages of
    Flat File processing

    • Data Management would be difficult


    • Data Redundancy Problem increased
    • Wastage of hard disk space
    • Data program dependence
    Database Models
    Database model describes how various pieces of
    data in the database are logically related to each
    other. There are three database models
    • 1. Hierarchical Data Model
    • 2. Network Model
    • 3. Relational Database Model
    • 1. Hierarchical data model
    In hierarchical data model the data is organized in
    the form of tree. In tree the relationship among the
    data elements is always one-to-many.
    Advantages of database Management
    • 1. Fast response to information request
    Because data is integrated into single database therefore
    complex requests can be handled more rapidly as compared to
    file processing environment.
    • 2. Avoiding form data redundancy/ less storage
    • 3. Maintaining the data integrity
    • 4. Multiple accesses
    • Database software allows data to be accessed in different ways
    like by primary key and secondary key.
    • 5. Flexibility
    • Because data program are independent programs don’t have to
    be modified when data is modified in the database by adding or
    deleting the data
    Hierarchical Database
    Ali Lib Member Shahid Lib
    Member

    MIS Book FA Book Stats B.Maths IT


    Network Model
    Defined: In network model the
    relationships between data elements
    can be one to many or many to many.
    Network Database Model

    Prof.Ali Prof. Prof


    Shahid Saad

    MIS 321 MIS 411 102 103 104 536 600

    Naveed Tauseef
    Grader Grader
    Atomicity Defined1:
    • Atomicity refers to the ability of the
    DBMS to guarantee that either all of the
    tasks of a transaction are performed or
    none of them are. For example, the
    transfer of funds can be completed or it
    can fail for a multitude of reasons, but
    atomicity guarantees that one account
    won't be debited if the other is not
    credited.
    Atomicity Defined1:
    • Atomicity states that database
    modifications must follow an “all or
    nothing” rule. Each transaction is said to
    be “atomic.” If one part of the transaction
    fails, the entire transaction fails. It is critical
    that the database management system
    maintain the atomic nature of transactions
    in spite of any DBMS, operating system or
    hardware
    Relational Databases:
    Def:It represents data in the form of tables or relations.
    Relational database is based on relational algebra.
    Relational Database Model consists of the following
    components
    • 1.Data Structures
    Data is arranged in the form of tables or relations
    • 2.Data Manipulation
    Powerful operations like those incorporated in SQL
    language are used to manipulate the data.
    • 3.Data integrity
    Facilities are included to implement the business rules
    that maintain the integrity of data when they are
    manipulated
    Relation:
    • A relation is named two dimensional table of
    data. Each relation consists of named
    columns and arbitrary rows.
    Note: all the tables may not be re
    Relations must have the following properties.
    • Entries in column are atomic (single valued)
    there could no multivalued attr or repeating
    groups in a relation
    • Entries in the col are from the same domain
    • The sequence of columns from left to right is
    insignificant
    • Sequence of rows from top to bottom is
    insignificant.
    • Each row is unique
    Well structured Relation
    • A relation is said to be well structure if it
    contains the minimum amount of data
    redundancy and allows users to insert,
    modify rows in a table without errors and
    inconsistencies.
    • Anomalies:
    • Errors and omissions that may result when
    a user attempts to update the table that
    contain the redundant data.

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