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    Pendekatan Diagnosis Anemia

    Uploaded by

    Ferry Ghifari
    This document provides guidance on the approach to diagnosing anemia. It discusses obtaining a medical history and assessing iron, B12, and folate levels as well as mean corpuscular volume to help determine the etiology of anemia. Specific causes of anemia include iron deficiency, thalassemia, chronic disease, and bone marrow failure. Further tests like a reticulocyte count, bilirubin level, and direct antiglobulin test can help differentiate between hemorrhagic, hemolytic, aplastic, and hypoplastic anemias. The direct antiglobulin test in particular helps determine if an anemia is immune-mediated or due to other extracorpuscular causes.

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    Pendekatan Diagnosis Anemia

    Uploaded by

    Ferry Ghifari
    84 views7 pages
    This document provides guidance on the approach to diagnosing anemia. It discusses obtaining a medical history and assessing iron, B12, and folate levels as well as mean corpuscular volume to help determine the etiology of anemia. Specific causes of anemia include iron deficiency, thalassemia, chronic disease, and bone marrow failure. Further tests like a reticulocyte count, bilirubin level, and direct antiglobulin test can help differentiate between hemorrhagic, hemolytic, aplastic, and hypoplastic anemias. The direct antiglobulin test in particular helps determine if an anemia is immune-mediated or due to other extracorpuscular causes.

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    This document provides guidance on the approach to diagnosing anemia. It discusses obtaining a medical history and assessing iron, B12, and folate levels as well as mean corpuscular volume to help determine the etiology of anemia. Specific causes of anemia include iron deficiency, thalassemia, chronic disease, and bone marrow failure. Further tests like a reticulocyte count, bilirubin level, and direct antiglobulin test can help differentiate between hemorrhagic, hemolytic, aplastic, and hypoplastic anemias. The direct antiglobulin test in particular helps determine if an anemia is immune-mediated or due to other extracorpuscular causes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    84 views7 pages

    Pendekatan Diagnosis Anemia

    Uploaded by

    Ferry Ghifari
    This document provides guidance on the approach to diagnosing anemia. It discusses obtaining a medical history and assessing iron, B12, and folate levels as well as mean corpuscular volume to help determine the etiology of anemia. Specific causes of anemia include iron deficiency, thalassemia, chronic disease, and bone marrow failure. Further tests like a reticulocyte count, bilirubin level, and direct antiglobulin test can help differentiate between hemorrhagic, hemolytic, aplastic, and hypoplastic anemias. The direct antiglobulin test in particular helps determine if an anemia is immune-mediated or due to other extracorpuscular causes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Pendekatan Diagnosis

    Anemia
    OLEH : Aprimadhansari
    Menurunnya konsentrasi hemoglobin,
    hematokrit atau volume sel darah
    Anemia merah per millimeter kubik dibawah
    nilai normal
    Anamnesis

    Asupan nutrisi ↓

    Riwayat infeksi
    Riwayat penyakit

    Keganasan

    Riw. Keluarga
    Etiologi

    Kegagalan pembentukan
    Kehilangan darah Anemia hemolitik
    sel darah merah

    • Defek membrane
    Defisiensi (spherocytosis,
    zat besi, defisiensi asam folat, defisiensi Vit B12,
    Defisiensi elliptocytosis)
    defisiensi Vit C, defisiensi protein, defisiensi Vit B6, Corpuscular
    • Defek Enzimthyroxine
    defisiensi (pyruvate kinase, G6PD)
    • Defek hemoglobin (Thalassemia, sickle cell
    anemia)
    • Congenital red cell aplasia  Tidak terdapat prekursor
    Kegagalan sumsum tulang sel darah merah Extracorpuscular
    • Keganasan (Leukemia, myelofibrosis)

    • Imun  autoimun
    • Non imun  idiopathic
    Anemia

    Pendekatan diagnosis
    anemia berdasarkan MCV &
    MCV
    Reticulocyte count

    Low Normal High

    • Iron deficiency • Folate deficiency


    • Thalassemia • Vit B12 deficiency
    • Lead poisoning • Aplastic anemia
    • Chronic disease • Preleukimia
    • Immune hemolytic anemia
    Reticulocyte count • Liver disease

    High Low

    Bilirubin White cell & Platelet count

    Normal High Low Normal Increased

    Hemolytic • Bone marrow • Pure red cell aplasia


    Hemorrhage Infection
    anemia depression • Diamond-Blackfan
    • Malignancy anemia
    • Aplastic anemia • Transient
    Direct antiglobulin test • Congenital erythroblastopenia of
    childhood
    Direct antiglobulin test

    Negative Positive

    Corpuscular Extracorpuscular Extracorpuscular

    • Hemoglobinopathies • Idiopathic • Autoimmune hemolytic


    • Enzymopathies • Secondary (drug, anemia
    • Membrane defects infection) • Isoimmune hemolytic
    anemia (Rh, ABO,
    mismatched transfusion)
    Daftar pustaka
    1. Lanzkowsky P. Classification and Diagnosis of Anemia in Children. In:
    Lanzkowsky P, M.Lipton J, D.Fish J, editors. LANZKOWSKY’S MANUAL OF
    PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY. 6 ed: Elsevier; 2016. p. 32-41.
    2. Lerner NB. The Anemias. In: Behrman RE, editor. Nelson Textbook of
    Pediatrics. 20 ed. Canada: Elsevier; 2016. p. 2309-11.
    3. Uprichard WO, Uprichard J: Investigating microcytic anaemia, BMJ
    347:34–36,2013.

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