1.1 Internets and Intranets

Internet and Intranets

In this session our learning objectives are

Connection Methods
Hardware
Software
Connections
Browsers
Information and opportunities Internet and Intranets offer
Internet Security Risks
Laws and Guidelines that affect the use of IT.
The Internet
The Internet is ?
A worldwide interconnection of computers

and networks that use the protocol IP.
It allows for WWW, FTP, VoIP, Gaming,

Filesharing, video, email.
Uses for the internet
WWW or HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

Email – Outlook, Yahoo, Googlemail
FTP File Transfer Protocol
Gaming
Video On Demand
Voice Over IP – Telephone Services
File Sharing
INTRANETS
What is an intranet ?
It is an internal website that is setup internally for companies and can

be accessed by employees for the purpose of standard documents or
information and many items of information and data.
INTERNAL WEBSITE WITHIN A COMPANY ACCESSED BY EMPLOYEES

Connection to the internet - Hardware
What do we need to connect to the internet ?
• Computer or smart phone

• Network hub if part of a network
• A wireless enabled Router if using WiFi
• ADSL or cable modem
• An Internet Service Provider
MODEM
MODulator-DEModulator
Converts digital 1’s and 0’s
Into analogue waves.
Allows computers to talk
over phone lines.
It connects directly to the
communications line.
It is always the first device
connected to the
MODEM
FM Frequency Modulation
AM Amplitude Modulation
Modulate a carrier signal into 1’s

and 0’s.
FM How Often
AM Loudness/Amplification
ROUTER
A router is a device that has
an IP address. Computers
can then connect to it using
this address. It then forward
links onto another
communications device that
can access the internet.
SWITCH
A switch is used to connect
different network segments.
A network segment is a set
of computers all connected
together.
Like an intelligent hub.
A Network HUB
A device that connects
computers together
and can link them all
on to another device.
HARDWARE
Order of devices
A modem is always first. It is the connection to the telephone or data
Routers, hubs and switches can be plugged into each other in any
direction. But usually in the order of Router, Switch, Hub.
Telephone or Data Communications Lines
To connect to the internet you need a link to it.

This link can be
BROADBAND
ADSL or DSL
DIAL UP
ISDN
Types of Line
BROADBAND – Handles a broad band of frequencies (TV, Voice, Data)
DSL is Digital subscribers line (Voice and data)
DIAL-UP is maximum of 56k (Data)
ISDN is Integrated Services Digital Network (Voice, Data, Video)

Other ways to connect to the internet (HARDWARE)
What is there ?
• Smart phone using 3G or 4g

• USB ADSL dongle that connects to a service provider network
ISP – Internet Service Providers
What are they ?
Who are they ?
What do they do ?
An ISP sells Internet access to companies and
individuals.
It provides web servers which connect to the
Internet.
An ISP will provide it’s customers with a wide range
of services…
Cable Television/Telephone services
Bandwidth options.
Email service.
Web Hosting.
Online and Telephone assistance.
Software On The Internet
What software can you think of do you use to access services on the internet ?
OUTLOOK Lime Wire –

BROWSERS File Sharing FIREWALL
EMAIL
SKYPE
FTP – File
Transfer
Protocol SKYPE GAMING
STOP
Complete questionnaire 1.1

BROWSERS
Browsers – These allow you to utilise HTTP

and HTTPS to view the WorldWideWeb.
What browsers are there ?
Internet Explorer
Mozilla Firefox
Netscape Navigator
Opera
File Transfer Protocol is used to access websites via a different
FTP door to download files.
EMAIL Software that composes, sends and receives email
SKYPE
• Telephone calls can be made over the internet using

VOIP
• VOIP is ‘Voice Over Internet Protocol’
• A popular service that does this is SKYPE
• This also includes video calls if a web cam is available.
GAMING
Accessing games
FILESHARING
• It is possible to share files over the internet

• DropBox is a popular service where files can be uploaded
to let others download them
BROWSER FACILITIES OR FUNCTIONS
What facilities do browsers have available to use ?

Types of Line
Browsers
BROWSER FACILITIES
Navigation, forward and back. Windows Search

Home Access to Search Engines and
Webpages
Tabbed browsing
HyperLinks – HyperText
Stop
Browser History
Refresh
WWW Address bar
Print
Favourites
RECAP
In this session we have learnt about
Internet and its uses

Intranets
Connection hardware – Modems Switches Routers Hubs
Connection Lines – ADSL DSL ISDN DIAL-UP
Other hardware methods of connecting Dongles PDAs
ISP – Internet Service Providers
Software used to access the services on the internet Email Browsers FTP
STOP

Internet Security Risks ?
What risks are there in using the internet
Downloading
Entering Personal Details
Online Banking
Buying Items Off The Internet
Sending Emails
Uploading Files
RISKS !!!
Viruses, attack, hacking,
identity theft, fraud, getting
passwords, stealing bank
details, intercepting emails,
theft of data, posting
unwanted videos, posting
unwanted text………..
RISK PREVENTION
What do you need to do to minimise some or all of the risk when
accessing the internet ?
FIREWALL
VIRUS SCANNER
INSTALL ADWARE AND MALWARE SCANNERS
BE AWARE OF EMAIL SCAMS
BE CAREFUL WHEN USING PAYMENT SITES
BE CAREFUL DOWNLOADING AND UPLOADING
USE COMPLEX PASSWORDS
RECAP
In this session we have learnt about
Internet Security Risks

Attack, Viruses, Hacking, Fraud, Theft, Email scams
What Do These Risks Involve
Viruses can scan your machine and delete your data or your passwords.
Email scams can steal your personal details
Risk prevention
Firewalls Virus scanners Malware Adware Be aware of what sites you visit
and the files you download.
STOP

LAWS AND GUIDELINES ON THE USE OF IT
It is going to be your task to find out what laws and guidelines

there are to using IT.
You will need to produce worksheets outlining the main headings of

guidelines and laws that exist for the day to day use of computers
and IT.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/guidelines/editorialguidelines/onguide/thelaw/lawontheinterne.shtml
3 Major Headings For ICT and The Law
Data Protection Act (1998)

Computer Misuse Act (1990)
Copyright, Design and Patents Act (1988)
Some Things To Be Aware Of
Copyright CCTV
Protecion of Use of Information Fraudulent Use of Data
Sharing Information Access to your data
Obscene Publications Hacking and Accessing
Information
Internet Privacy
Planting viruses and Malware
Data Privacy
Deleting Files
CD’s DVD’s Films Filesharing
Blackmail
Fraud
Posting Unwanted files and
photos
STOP
Laws and Guidelines

Health and Safety

When Using ICT
There are rules and guidelines that govern

your health and safety when using ICT.
STOP
Health and Safety

Information and Opportunities Available Using the Internet.
Email FTP HTTP HTML
Job Searches research MP3 Video Telephone
Downloads Software Games Images

STOP

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Internet and Intranets

Internet and Intranets

Internet and Intranets

A worldwide interconnection of computers

It allows for WWW, FTP, VoIP, Gaming,

WWW or HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

It is an internal website that is setup internally for companies and can

INTERNAL WEBSITE WITHIN A COMPANY ACCESSED BY EMPLOYEES

• Computer or smart phone

Modulate a carrier signal into 1’s

To connect to the internet you need a link to it.

BROADBAND – Handles a broad band of frequencies (TV, Voice, Data)

DSL is Digital subscribers line (Voice and data)

DIAL-UP is maximum of 56k (Data)

ISDN is Integrated Services Digital Network (Voice, Data, Video)

• Smart phone using 3G or 4g

OUTLOOK Lime Wire –

Complete questionnaire 1.1

Browsers – These allow you to utilise HTTP

What browsers are there ?

• Telephone calls can be made over the internet using

• It is possible to share files over the internet

What facilities do browsers have available to use ?

Navigation, forward and back. Windows Search

Internet and its uses

Complete questionnaire 1.2

What risks are there in using the internet

Internet Security Risks

Complete questionnaire 1.4

It is going to be your task to find out what laws and guidelines

You will need to produce worksheets outlining the main headings of

3 Major Headings For ICT and The Law

Data Protection Act (1998)

Complete questionnaire 1.5

Laws and Guidelines

Health and Safety

There are rules and guidelines that govern

Complete questionnaire 1.5

Health and Safety

Email FTP HTTP HTML

Job Searches research MP3 Video Telephone

Downloads Software Games Images

Complete questionnaire 1.3

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