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    Sickle Cell Test

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    kay
    Sickle cell anemia is caused by a genetic mutation that results in abnormal hemoglobin S production. In low oxygen conditions, HbS forms polymers that cause red blood cells to take on a sickle shape, limiting blood flow. This leads to anemia and damage to organs over time. Sickle cell anemia is diagnosed through blood tests that induce sickling by reducing oxygen levels, allowing HbS crystals to form and cause turbidity compared to clear solutions with normal hemoglobin A.

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    Sickle Cell Test

    Uploaded by

    kay
    239 views14 pages
    Sickle cell anemia is caused by a genetic mutation that results in abnormal hemoglobin S production. In low oxygen conditions, HbS forms polymers that cause red blood cells to take on a sickle shape, limiting blood flow. This leads to anemia and damage to organs over time. Sickle cell anemia is diagnosed through blood tests that induce sickling by reducing oxygen levels, allowing HbS crystals to form and cause turbidity compared to clear solutions with normal hemoglobin A.

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    Sickle cell test

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    Sickle cell anemia is caused by a genetic mutation that results in abnormal hemoglobin S production. In low oxygen conditions, HbS forms polymers that cause red blood cells to take on a sickle shape, limiting blood flow. This leads to anemia and damage to organs over time. Sickle cell anemia is diagnosed through blood tests that induce sickling by reducing oxygen levels, allowing HbS crystals to form and cause turbidity compared to clear solutions with normal hemoglobin A.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    239 views14 pages

    Sickle Cell Test

    Uploaded by

    kay
    Sickle cell anemia is caused by a genetic mutation that results in abnormal hemoglobin S production. In low oxygen conditions, HbS forms polymers that cause red blood cells to take on a sickle shape, limiting blood flow. This leads to anemia and damage to organs over time. Sickle cell anemia is diagnosed through blood tests that induce sickling by reducing oxygen levels, allowing HbS crystals to form and cause turbidity compared to clear solutions with normal hemoglobin A.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    Practical

    Clinical Hematology
    What is Sickle cell:
    Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder that leads to
    the production of an abnormal hemoglobin variant,
    hemoglobin S (HbS)

    Hemoglobin S production arises from an altered


    (mutated) S gene. Differ on Hb A by one amino acid
    substitution. .
    Amino acid substitution in HbS
    One S gene SS gene (homozygous SS)

    Sickle cell trait, 20% to 40% of the Sickle cell anemia, 80% to 100% of the
    hemoglobin is HbS hemoglobin is HbS

    Does not have any health problems No symptoms under 'normal' conditions.

    But in 'sickling crises' such as infection


    or dehydration
    There is some symptom like haemolytic
    anaemia (jaundice)
    RBCs have Hbs
    In the RBC, variant Hbs can form polymers in low
    oxygen conditions, changing the shape of the RBC
    from a round disc to a characteristic crescent (sickle)
    shape.
    This altered shape limits the RBCs ability to flow
    smoothly throughout the body, limits the
    hemoglobins ability to transport oxygen, and
    decreases the RBCs lifespan from 120 days to about 10-
    20 days.
    The affected person can become anemic because the
    body cannot produce RBCs as fast as they are
    destroyed.
    Also, sickled blood cells can become trapped in blood
    vessels reducing or blocking blood flow. This can
    damage organs, muscles, and bones and may lead to
    life-threatening conditions.
    Sickle cell test:
    A sickle cell test is a blood test done to screen for sickle
    cell trait or sickle cell disease.
    There are three method
    1. A saline citrate with paraffin oil.
    2. Sodium Metabisulfite Method.
    3. Solubility Test.
    General Principle
    We will make the conditions at which oxygen tension
    decline to induced the sickling process of Hbs in RBCs.
    A saline citrate with paraffin oil
    Principle:
    a saline citrate suspension of blood is allowed to stand
    in a test tube under a layer of paraffin oil until sickling
    takes place.
    In employing any of the common diagnostic tests for
    sickling it is desirable to obtain blood which has a low.
    fraction of oxyhemoglobin.
    Sodium Metabisulfite Method
    Principle
    When a drop of blood is sealed between a cover
    slip and a slide, the decline in oxygen tension
    due to oxidative processes in the blood cells
    leads to sickling.
    In this method added with blood drop a
    chemical reducing agents. Such as sodium
    metabisulfite. This rapidly reduces
    oxyhemoglobin to reduced hemoglobin, then
    this will be accelerate sickling .
    Solubility test
    Principle
    Erythrocytes are lysed by saponin and the released
    hemoglobin is reduced by sodium hydrosulfite in a
    concentrated phosphate buffer.
    Under these conditions, reduced HbS is characterized
    by its very low solubility and the formation of crystals.
    Principle
    The presences of HbS or HbC are indicated by the
    turbid solutions. The normal HbA under these same
    conditions results in a clear non-turbid solutions.

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