Comprehending Architecture: Dennis Raymond P. Maturan CHSM 2010

Comprehending Architecture
Dennis Raymond P.
Maturan
CHSM 2010
Etymology of Architecture
Architecture (Latin
architectura, from the
Greek arkhitekton, from
"chief" and "builder,
carpenter") can mean:
The art and science of
designing and erecting
buildings and other
physical structures.
A general term to describe
buildings and other
structures.
ARCHITECTURE
Is usually referred as
the Mother of the
Arts because it
houses, serves as a
background for, or
occurs in relation to
other fields of art
such as painting,
sculpture, interior
design, landscape
architecture and city
planning.
Architecture
A style and
method of
design and
construction of
buildings and
other physical
structures.
The art of
designing and
constructing
buildings and
other types of
structures.
Architecture
Uses durable materials and follows
certain building standards.
ARCHITECTURE
Materials used in
Architecture are stone,
concrete, brick, wood, steel,
glass and plaster
Edificio de los
Correos
Architecture
Produces structures suited for
their purpose or function.
Three Kinds of Architecture
According to Functions
1. Interior Design
creation or design of
the interior of a
house to suit the
personality, needs
and lifestyle of the
people living in it.
2. Landscape
Architecture
design and
development
of landscape
and garden to
capture the
needs of the
environment
Landscape Architecture
This is the planning

of outdoor areas for
human use and
enjoyment,
especially gardens,
parks, playgrounds,
golf courses, etc.
Materials are plants,
trees, shrubs,
flowers, vines and
ground cover.
3. Urban/City Planning
bridge between the
profession of urban
planning and
architecture and its
primary concern
which is the physical
form of the city and
may manifest itself in
the cultural context of
urban design.
Urban/City Planning
This is the planning

and arranging the
physical aspects of a
large or small
community.
Structures and areas
are concerned with all
phases of living and
working, which are
attractively and
efficiently organized
and related, Escolta
Functional Classifications
Religious
Commercial
Residential
Recreational
Government Airports
Industrial Seaports
Cultural/ Art Malls
Exhibitions Communication
Rehabilitation Centers
Centers Research Centers
Observatories
Institutional/Servi
ce
Origins of Architectural Elements
1. Hearth fire,
ceramics
2. Roof carpentry
3. Enclosure
weaving
4. Mound stone
masonry
Elements of Architecture
1. Lines
2. Colors
3. Light and
Shadow
4. Value
5. Volume
6. Space
7. Form
Principles in Architectural
Planning
1. Orientation the
control of the effects of
sun, wind and rainfall.
2. Design the
modification of the
effects of the natural
forces such as porches,
eaves, roofs, etc.
3. Fenestration control
and distribution of
windows for light,
ventilation and
heating.
Principles in Architectural
Planning
4. Walls Insulation and

heating control
5. Color practical and
expressive qualities for
reflection and
absorption of light
6. Materials and
Techniques
materials used and
intended use for them
Architect and Architecture
Architects: specialists in designing
structures
Architect and Architecture
The practice of an architect,

where architecture means to
offer or render professional
services in connection with
the design and construction of
a building, or group of
buildings and the space within
the site surrounding the
buildings, that have as their
principal purpose human
occupancy or use.
Principles of Architectural Construction
1. Post-and
Lintel makes
use of posts or
two vertical
supports spanned
by a lintel or
horizontal beam.
A beam is placed horizontally
across upright posts and considered
the oldest of the construction
system.
2. Ancient Greek
Orders (styles):
composed of a shaft,
capital, and base.
http://www.bozzle.com/perClassicOrders.html
3. Entablature: the top of an order; includes

the architrave, frieze, and cornice.
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/architecture/entablature.html
4. The Arch
consists of separate
pieces of wedges or
shaped blocks
arranged in semi-
circles. The keystone
is the last set stone at
top center which
locks the pieces
together.
The arch was a purely Roman invention. An

arch is often made up of small stones called
voussoir and a large central stone called a
keystone.
5. The Vault - is an
architectural term for an
arched form used to
provide a space with a
ceiling or roof.
6. The Dome a
roof that is
hemispherical in
form and resembles
a half ping pong ball
and built in a
framework formed
by a series of arches
rising from
consecutive points
in the base.
The arch, vault, and

dome are variations of
the same concept that
allowed for greater
height and more space
inside a building.
A series of columns is called a colonnade.
A series of arches is called an arcade.

7. Flying Buttress:
external arch that
counter-balanced the
outward thrust of the
high, vaulted ceilings.
http://www.m-w.com/mw/art/flyingbu.htm
8. Truss system - was used during the Industrial
Revolution, many new materials were developed:
glass-- Crystal Palace (1851)
http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1158.htm
and wrought iron: The

Eiffel Tower
This system applies to
most of the bridges,
assembly plants, theaters,
shopping malls,
gymnasium that
necessitates wide spaces
but with very few interior
supports.
Truss System
9. Cantilever used to
support walls and
floors that are
ideally made of
steel and Ferro-
concrete; a beam
or slab extended
horizontally
beyond its
supporting part
from strong
support.
10. Skeleton
Construction
requires the use of a
strong foundation
which will fit to the
great height of the
floor, roof and
partitions which are
usually made of
concrete and steel
Architecture
The Romans were great engineers. They
developed concrete as a building material,
which was used in building aqueducts, baths,
and other public works projects.
Modern Architecture
Antonio Gaudi: Spanish architect no flat
surface or straight lines (organic)
http://www.lexised.com/architecture/gaudi/casam.html
Modern Architecture
Antonio Gaudis most

famous building: La
Sagrada Familia
Modern Architecture
The 1st skyscraper was made in St. Louis,
MO by Louis Sullivan who coined the
expression form follows function.
Modern Architecture
Frank Lloyd Wright: American architect;
carefully considered the environment where
the building was to be constructed.
Falling Water
More Wright
Modern Architecture
Steel and concrete
are the favored
materials for
commercial type
construction.
Wood and brick

are the favored
materials for
residential
construction.
PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURE
1. Nipa Hut Bahay
Kubo pre-colonial
period (nipa,
bamboo and cogon)
2. Bahay na Bato -during
the Spanish period
(bricks. Stone and
tiles)
3. Neo-Classical
during the American
period (introduces
G.I. sheets)
4. Modern-
Contemporary
Noted Filipino Architects
1. Felix Roxas Sr. 1st Filipino Architect
2. Juan Hervas 1887 Manila Architect
3. Tomas Arguelles Public Works, Rails
4. Arcadio Arellano Hidalgo House
5. Tomas Mapua - PGH
6. Juan Nakpil Art deco
7. Luna de San Pedro Legarda Elementary School
8. Fr. Roque Ruao O.P. UST Building
9. Juan Arellano Romantic Architect
10. Leandro V. Locsin National Artist

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Comprehending Architecture

This is the planning

This is the planning

4. Walls Insulation and

The practice of an architect,

3. Entablature: the top of an order; includes

The arch was a purely Roman invention. An

The arch, vault, and

A series of arches is called an arcade.

and wrought iron: The

Antonio Gaudis most

Wood and brick

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