04 - Protection General
04 - Protection General
04 - Protection General
Handbook
ABB Group - 1 -
15-Sep-17
Protection General
Electric Power Systems
M
G
ABB Group - 2 -
Protection System
CT Circuit Breaker
Circuit
Protection Breaker
VT Trip
Equipment Mecha-
Coil
nism
TE
DC-System
ABB Group - 4 -
15-Sep-17
Protection General
The main task for Relay Protection
K
Protection General
Different fault types in a power system
ABB Group - 6 -
15-Sep-17
Protection General
Primary and backup protection zones
Redundant system costs more but can give big savings in the
ABB Group - 11 -
8
Protection General
What is Substation Automation ?
A combination of:
Protection
Monitoring
Control
Communication
ABB Group - 17 -
15-Sep-17
Protection General
The conventional way
Control Board
MARSHALING RACK
ABB
GW
LON
.....
REC 561 RE. 5XX REC 561 RE. 5XX
C C C C
E E E E
ABB Group - 19 -
15-Sep-17
Protection General
The goal of the IEC 61850 standard
Long Term Stability The standard shall be future proof, i.e. it must be able
to follow the progress in communication technology as
well as evolving system requirements.
ABB Group - 20 -
15-Sep-17
Protection General
TRENDS
Protection System
CT Circuit Breaker
Circuit
Protection Breaker
VT Trip
Equipment Mecha-
Coil
nism
TE
DC-System
ABB Group - 23 -
15-Sep-17
Protection General
Remote Back-up Protection
A B C
5 1 2 F 6
7 3 4 8
D E
ABB Group - 24 -
15-Sep-17
Protection General
Remote Back-up Protection
Time Step 3
Step 2
Step 1 Distance
Zone 3
Zone 2
Zone 1
B
A C
ABB Group - 25 -
15-Sep-17
Protection General
Substation Local Back-up Protection
Substation Local Back-up Protection
P2 B
T P1 P3 C
A P4 D
ABB Group - 26 -
15-Sep-17
Protection General
Circuit Local Back-up Protection
Circuit Local Back-up Protection
P2 P2
P1 P1
A B
ABB Group - 27 -
15-Sep-17
Protection General
Duplicated Main Protections
1 3 5 5 3 1
2 4 6 6 4 2
ABB Group - 28 -
15-Sep-17
Protection General
Circuit Breaker Failure Protection
Has No Reset
Protection Normal Breaker
Operated? Operation Failure
Protection
Yes
Start
Breaker Wait for Fault
Failure Fault Cleared?
Protection Clearance
Yes
No
Trip Trip
Main Back-up
Breaker(s) Breaker(s)
ABB Group - 29 -
15-Sep-17
Protection General
Single failure Criterion
Failure of any one component in a fault clearance
system should not result in a complete failure to
clear a power system fault or abnormality.
ABB Group - 30 -
15-Sep-17
Protection General
Applying single failure criterion
Assume that the power system is either in its normal
switching state or that one line is out of service.
Consider the following types of faults
Three phase fault
Phase to phase fault
Phase to earth fault
Open conductor or broken conductor fault
ABB Group - 31 -
15-Sep-17
Protection General
Applying single failure criterion
Consider one of the following failures
Loss of input from a voltage transformer,
Loss of input from a current transformer,
A failure to operate of a protection relay,
A blown DC fuse
An interruption of a tripping circuit
A failure of remote end communication (especially line
differential protection)
A failure to operate of a switching device.
ABB Group - 32 -
15-Sep-17
Protection General
Applying single failure criterion
Check if the fault clearance system clears the faults
at pre-defined locations considering the following
A line fault
A bus bar fault
A fault in power transformer
A fault in the shunt reactor
A B C A B C
L1
L R
L2
ABB Group - 38 -
15-Sep-17
Protection General
Economic Benefit of Perfect Phase Selection in
Connection With Single Pole Reclosing
ABB Group - 39 -
15-Sep-17
Protection General
Fault current withstand capability
Rated breaking current capability of switch gear
765 kV 40 kA 1 Sec
ABB Group - 40 -
15-Sep-17
Protection General
Fault clearance time - Transient stability
Three-phase Reclosing
ABB Group - 41 -