Hazard Awareness,

Identification,
Recognition, and
Control for Beauty
and Grooming
Professionals
Training Developed by:

Photo available under public domain from Wikimedia Commons

 Disclaimers

This presentation was produced under

grant number SH-23540-SH2 from the
Occupational Safety and Health
Administration, U.S. Department of
Labor. It does not necessarily reflect
the views or policies of the U.S.
Department of Labor, nor does mention
of trade names, commercial products, or
organizations imply endorsement by the
U.S. Government.

2
 Why are we here?

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/hairsalons/protecting_worker_health.html accessed 1/11/2013

Provide information to workers:

1. Possible health effects from exposures to chemicals in salons.
2. Ways to identify chemical exposures that may be hazardous.
3. Methods to reduce exposures to chemicals in salons.
3
 Why are we concerned?
Exposures from
formaldehyde in hair
smoothing process
Exposures to other
chemicals that may cause:
Skin problems
Allergies
Photo by Dean Wissing available under public domain from Wikimedia
Cancer
Commons

Breathing problems
Problems with fertility and
pregnancy
4
 Outline

Introduction to OSHA
Health effects from chemical exposures
Overview of cosmetology exposures
Exposures to formaldehyde
Recognizing and controlling chemical exposures
Infection control
Ergonomics
Safety hazards

5
 Definitions
Salon chemicals
Chemicals in the products used in salons
Hair and nail products, cleaners
Health effects
Injury or illness due to an exposure
Chemical exposure
Inhalation or skin contact with salon chemicals
Part per million (ppm)
Small unit of concentration
1 ppm = 1 drop in 13 gallon gas tank

6
 Introduction to OSHA

Training Goals
Understand the role of OSHA in
occupational safety and health
Describe employer responsibilities and
employee rights provided by OSHA
Understand specific OSHA and industry
standards related to salon for handling
chemicals

7
 What is OSHA?

Occupational Safety and Health

Administration
Government agency within the U.S.
Department of Labor
Responsible for worker safety and
health protection
Created in 1970 by the Occupational
Safety and Health (OSH) Act

8
 What does OSHA do?
Requires employers to implement programs
to reduce workplace safety and health
hazards
Investigates workplace fatalities or
catastrophic accidents
Enforces safety and health standards through
workplace inspections by compliance officers
Monitors job-related injuries and illnesses
through required record-keeping
Provides assistance, training, and other
support programs to help employers and
workers
9
What are employers responsibilities
under OSHA?

Provide employment and a workplace that is:

1. In compliance with established OSHA
standards.
2. Free from recognized hazards that are
causing or are likely to cause death or
serious physical harm to employees.

10
What are employees rights under OSHA?

1. Get training from your employer as required by OSHA

standards
2. Request information from your employer about OSHA
standards, worker injuries/illnesses, and job hazards
3. Request action from your employer to correct hazards
or violations of OSHA standards
4. File a complaint with OSHA if you believe there are
violations of OSHA standards or serious hazards
Must be submitted in writing, signed by a current employee or
employee representative, and state the reason for the inspection
request
Complaints wont initially result in an inspection if it is verbal
and/or you are not a current employee.
Forms and more information available at www.osha.gov

11
What are employees rights under OSHA?

5. Be involved in OSHAs inspection of your

workplace
6. Find out results of an OSHA inspection
7. Get involved in meetings or file a formal
appeal concerning your employers timely
abatement of OSHA citations
8. File a discrimination complaint
9. Request a research investigation by the
National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health (NIOSH)
10. Provide comments and testimony to OSHA
during rulemaking on new standards
12
 What about whistleblower
protection?

Section 11(c) of the OSH Act and more than twenty

statutes protect employees who report violations
Employees must be allowed to exercise rights
including reporting injuries, reporting violations, and
participating in health and safety activities
Employers are prevented from discriminating against
employees for exercising their rights under OSHA

13
Are booth renters covered by OSHA?

No set definition of employee versus independent

contractor (booth renter)
Courts and state agencies will look at a long list of factors to
determine whether you are an employee or independent contractor
Owner give you an IRS form 1099 instead of W-2
Does not mean that you are an independent contractor
Employees have the right to workplace health & safety,
minimum wage, workers compensation, and other benefits
Independent contractors do not
No clear-cut answer

14
Are there specific OSHA standards
that apply to my workplace?
Recordkeeping Fire protection
Housekeeping Electrical
Medical & First Aid Respiratory
Walking/Work protection
Surfaces Bloodborne
Emergency Action Pathogens
Personal protective Hazard
equipment communication
Formaldehyde

There may also be others that apply to your workplace!

15
 Health Effects of
Hair and Nail Salon Work
Chemicals Infections
Skin rash Colds and flu
Chemical eye burns Skin infections
Breathing symptoms Bloodborne pathogens
Asthma Injuries
Allergies Slips, trips, falls
Cancer Electrical injuries
Reproductive problems Burns
Neurologic problems Cuts
Ergonomic problems Workplace violence
Musculoskeletal disorders (Not covered in this training)

16
 Chemical Health Effects

Training Objectives
Learn how chemicals in hair and nail products
can cause health effects
By contact with your skin and eyes
By entering the body
Describe health effects that can be caused by
salon chemicals
Understand the hazards of formaldehyde and
special precautions that are needed when
working with it.
17
Chemical Symbol Definitions for Each
Type of Health Effect
Allergies

Cancer

Irritation

Neurologic

Reproductive Problems

18
Hand Rash is the Most Common
Health Effect in Salon Workers

Hand rash can be due to:

Irritation
Allergy
Higher risk in people with
other skin problems
Sensitive skin Photo by RainbowKatie available under public domain from
Wikimedia Commons

It is important to take good care of your skin.

19
 There are many causes of
skin irritation in a salon
Too much washing
Hair
Hands
Friction from hair
Heat from dryers
Irritation from gloves
Putting on gloves while hands are still Photo available under public domain from Wikimedia
Commons

wet
Chemicals in hair and nail products

20
Some hand rashes are due to allergy

Much less common

Severe and hard to treat
You may need to stop
working with the chemical.
Risk of allergic rash is
increased by
Eczema Klaus D. Peter, Gummersbach, Germany; Creative Commons
Attribution 3.0

Rash due to irritation

It is important to find rashes early, get proper

medical treatment, and reduce exposures.
21
 Both irritation and allergy
can cause severe hand rash

You often cant tell if

a rash is due to
allergy or irritation by
looking at it
A doctor often Photo by RainbowKatie available under public domain
from Wikimedia Commons

cant tell Patch Testing For Allergy

Special allergy testing

is often needed to
know the cause of a
rash
Photo by National Jewish Health
22
Very irritating chemicals can
cause serious eye injury!

Chemical burns
High pH
Ammonia
Hydroxides
Can result in permanent injury and loss of vision

GNU Free Documentation license licensed under the Creative

Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported

23
 Chemicals can also cause health effects
by entering the body

Chemicals can enter

the body through: Contact
Breathing with eyes,
Breathing them in nose and
mouth
Swallowing them Swallowing

Contact with the

Eyes
Nose and mouth Breaks in
the skin
Breaks in the skin
Photo by National Jewish Health

Even intact skin is not good protection from all chemicals.

24
 Irritants and allergy can
cause breathing symptoms

Cough
Dry cough
Cough with phlegm
Wheeze Photo by National Jewish Health

Chest tightness
Shortness of breath

Breathing symptoms due to irritants are usually

mild and get better when you leave exposure.
Photo by National Jewish Health

25
 Asthma can be triggered by
irritation and allergies

Normal airway Airway in asthma

Asthma

Medications
Muscle
tightening Mucus

Swelling
Figures by National Jewish Health

Airways become inflamed and narrowed

Breathing symptoms: mild or severe
Treatment with medications is often needed

Workers with asthma should be extra careful to

avoid breathing in irritating chemicals. 26
Breathing in chemicals that cause
allergic rash can also cause asthma
and hayfever (allergic rhinitis)
Special medical testing is
needed to diagnose:
asthma
hayfever
and Photo by National Jewish Health

if the asthma or
hayfever is due to an
allergy to a chemical at
work
Photo by National Jewish Health
27
 Certain chemicals can trigger
other allergic reactions
Hives
Itchy red bumps on the skin

Sudden, severe allergic reaction

Hives
Swelling of the tongue and throat
Breathing difficulty
Dizziness
Loss of consciousness

Anaphylaxis Photo by National Jewish Health

Latex powder Persulfates Henna

Photo by Werneuchen Photo by W. Oelen available Photo by Andrey Sitnik

available under public under public domain from available under public
domain from Wikimedia Wikimedia Commons domain from Wikimedia
Commons Commons

28
 Work as a hairdresser or barber
probably increases risk of cancer
Few specific chemicals have
been identified
Brilliante
Formaldehyde
Probable human carcinogen
Hairdresser or barber
(occupational exposure as)
Different types of cancer
Photo by IARC

Many possible chemicals

Minimize exposure to salon chemicals to decrease risk of cancer.

29
Work as a hairdresser may increase
risk of reproductive problems

Lower fertility
Females
Males
Miscarriages
Smaller babies
Problems during pregnancy
Chemicals Photo by Nina Matthews available under public domain
from Wikimedia Commons

Long work hours on your feet

Minimize exposure to salon chemicals to decrease the

risk of reproductive problems, especially during
pregnancy. 30
 Neurologic Effects
Feeling drunk or
lightheaded
There is too much
chemical in the area
for the ventilation
system.

Photo by National Jewish Health

If you start to feel drunk while working indoors:

First, go outside to get fresh air
then take steps to improve ventilation inside

31
 Salon Exposure Recognition

Training Goals
Recognize products and work processes
that may cause exposures that result in
health effects

32
 What do exposures look like?

Photo used by National Jewish Health with written permission.

Photo available under public domain from Wikimedia Commons

33
 How do I know if it is hazardous?
Allergies
Hazard Communication
Product labeling Cancer
MSDS or SDS readily
available
Irritation
Information from
industry professionals

Neurologic
Look at product labels prior to
use to identify hazards and
determine appropriate Reproductive
precautions. Effects
34
Key elements of OSHAs hazardous
communication standard

Identify & communicate

hazards in the workplace
Label each hazard
Use Globally Harmonized System
(GHS) to communicate hazards
Have corresponding Safety Data
Sheet (SDS)
Update when new sheets are Figures by Torsten Henning available under public domain from

available Wikimedia Commons

Train workers on the hazard

labeling system

35
What exposures are possible in
artificial nail work?
Neurologic
Acetone Polish remover
Toluene Nail polish, hardeners, polish removers
Acetonitrile Artificial nail removers
Cancer, Irritation
Formaldehyde Nail hardeners
Allergies
Methacrylate Monomers in acrylics & gels
MMA, (methyl methacrylate) Cant be 100% Picture by ImGz available under public
domain from Wikimedia Commons

EMA (ethyl methacrylate)

HEMA (hydroxyethyl methacrylate)
Irritation
Methacrylic Acid (MAA) Nail primers
Ethyl cyanoacrylate (> 90%) in nail glue
36
What exposures are possible from
giving permanents?
Allergies
Ammonium thioglycolate
Glyceryl monothioglycolate
Irritation
Sodium or potassium bromate
Sodium or potassium perborate
Hydrogen peroxide
Ammonia substitutes
Monoethylamine (MEA)
Aminomethyl propanol (AMP)
Picture by Louis Calvete available under public domain from
Wikimedia Commons

37
What exposures are possible from
using hair dyes?
Irritation
Aniline derivatives
2,5-diaminotoluene
Ammonia and substitutes
Photo by National Jewish Health

(AMP,MEA)
Peroxide
Allergies
p-phenylenediamine dyes
Para dyes (p- or 4-amino)
Photo by Avi Loud available
under public domain from
Flickr Creative Commons

Lead acetate is an active ingredient in products like Grecian

formula which is a probable carcinogen and may be a
reproductive hazard in humans.
38
What are possible exposures from
Allergies
hairsprays?
Gum Arabic
Vegetable gum
Benzophenone-4
Lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride
Neurologic
Denatured alcohols
Methoxyethene
Isobutane
Irritation
Propylene glycol
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
Ammonium benzoate Picture by Trekphiler available under
public domain from Wikimedia Commons

Amino methyl propanol

Tert-butyl alcohol

39
What are possible exposures from
using disinfectants?
Allergy & Irritation
Quaternary ammonia compounds (Quats)
Ex: benzalkonium chloride
Irritation
Phenols
Phenol or o-Phenylphenol
Bleach
Sodium hypocholorite
Neurologic
Alcohols
Ethanol
Bleach is not advised for
Isopropanol
use in salons due to
ammonia in hair products!

Use Quats Carefully! 40

What are possible exposures from
using latex gloves?
Allergy
Latex
Rash
Powder can cause
anaphylaxis
Additives Picture available under public domain from CC
Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported Wikimedia Commons

Rash

Nitrile gloves may also have the additives that can cause rash.
Additive free gloves are available, but are difficult to find.

41
 What are possible exposures
from chemical peels?
Allergy, irritation and sun sensitivity
Salicylic acid (Jessners peel)
Aspirin allergy
The risk in pregnancy is not known

Irritation and sun sensitivity

Alpha hydroxy acids
Fruit acids
Citric, glycolic malic, lactic
Beta hydroxy acid
Salicyclic acid
Jessners peel Photo by estelabelleza available under public domain
from Flickr Creative Commons

Salicylic & lactic acid, resorcinol

It is important to wear gloves when handling facial peel

products.
42
 What are possible exposures from
traditional hair straighteners?
Relaxers
High pH (11.5-13.5) Irritants
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Calcium hydroxide (CaOH)
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
Permanent Relaxers Japanese Method
Allergies
Ammonium thioglycolate
Irritation
Hydrogen peroxide
Sodium bromate

High pH relaxers can cause severe eye and skin irritation. 43

What are possible exposures from
keratin smoothing products?
(aka Brazilian Blowout, Global Keratin, & Others)
Cancer
Most release
formaldehyde as
intermediate
Irritation
Aldehydes released
as intermediates
from Zero+

Photo used by National Jewish Health with written permission.

It is important to increase ventilation when using keratin

smoothing products.
44
 How do I know what I am being
exposed to when I use a product?

We have described the possible

exposures in different product types
that can cause health effects.
The SDS and the product label will give
you information about the chemicals in
the product you are using.

45
What should you be concerned
about in this hair dye?

Photo by National Jewish Health 46

Lets take a closer look at the hair
dye label.

Ingredients:
Aqua/Water/EAU, Cetearyl Alcohol, Ammonium
Hydroxide, Oleth-30, Hexamidethrine Chloride, Oleic
Acid, Oleyl Alcohol, Pentasodium Pentetate,
Ethanolamine, Parfum/Fragrance, Ammonium
Thiolactate, p-Phenylediamine, p-aminophenol,
Resorcinol, 2-Methyl-5-hydroxyethylaminophenol,
2-Oleamido-1,3-octadecanediol,
2,4-Diaminophenoxyethanol HCl.

47
What should you watch out for in
this hairspray product?

48
Lets take a look at the MSDS for
the hairspray.

Picture by Trekphiler available under

public domain from Wikimedia Commons

49
 Formaldehyde

Special precautions are needed

when working with formaldehyde

50
 Key elements of OSHAs
formaldehyde standard
Use controls to reduce and maintain exposure below the
permissible airborne exposure limits
Ventilation
Work practice
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Gloves
Aprons
Goggles
Showers & Eyewash stations
Communicate the hazards
Labels and signs
Employee training
Medical testing for exposed workers

51
 Formaldehyde is hazardous
to your health!

Very irritating Known carcinogen

Eyes and nose IARC Group 1
Cough and wheeze Nose & throat cancer

Allergic reactions May also cause

Leukemia
Asthma-like symptoms
Sinus cancer
Skin rash
Reproductive hazard

52
Do other products contain formaldehyde
or produce formaldehyde?

Nail hardeners
Some nail polish products (ones not
labeled formaldehyde-free)
Products containing
DMDM-Hydantoin
Quaternium-15
Diazolidinyl urea (or Germall 115)
Imidiazolidinyl urea (or Germall II)

53
 What are other names for
formaldehyde?

Methanal
Methyl aldehyde
Methylene glycol
Methylene oxide
Formalin
Formol Picture by Wereon available under public domain from
Wikimedia Commons

54
 How do I know how high my
formaldehyde exposure is?
Sample collector in
Personal air samples
breathing zone
Estimate the amount of chemical a
worker might inhale into their lungs
Badge samples: Passive sampler
placed in breathing zone.
Worker wears Different air sampling collectors for
sampling pump different chemicals

Photos by National Jewish Health

Exposures can change

depending on the tasks
performed, ventilation, and
the products being used.
Particle/Dust Collectors Gas/Vapor Collectors Badge Sampler

55
 What levels of formaldehyde have been
measured in salons during keratin treatments?
Short-Term Exposure Limits (15 minutes)
OSHA: 2 ppm (legally enforceable)
NIOSH: 0.1 ppm (scientific recommendation)
ACGIH: 0.3 ppm (c) (best practice guideline)

Task Concentration (ppm)

Product Application 1.3

Blow Drying <0.05-2.29

Flat Ironing 0.08-1.26

Exposures depend upon the quantity of formaldehyde in the product, tasks

performed, and amount of heat used.

If multiple people are doing keratin smoothing treatments exposures are

likely to exceed the short-term exposure limits as well as the 8-hour
exposure limits especially if multiple treatments are done each day.
56
 What is the amount of formaldehyde
in these Keratin Smoothing Products?

Product Name Average % Concentration

Brazilian Blowout (Original Formula) 11.5

Global Keratin 8.3

Coppola 3

La Brasiliana < 1%

These products release additional formaldehyde during the blow

drying and flat ironing processes!
Products with greater percentages of formaldehyde
will have higher exposures. 57
Controlling Chemical Exposures

Training Goals
Understand the methods to control chemical
exposures in salons
Understand what PPE is, and when it should
be used

58
 How are chemical exposures controlled?
High Exposure

Changes in raw
Decreasing Effectiveness

materials or
chemicals

Changes that capture or

enclose the source of
exposure

Changes in procedures or worker

Increasing behavior to reduce exposure
dependence on
worker Personal protective equipment:
behavior
respirators, gloves, goggles, and
protective clothing

Acceptable Exposure 59
 Elimination or Substitution

Use an alternative chemical if possible

Example: Brazilian Blowout Zero+
instead of Original Brazilian Blowout
If an alternative chemical cant be used,
avoid performing processes using those
chemicals

Sometimes substitutions have their own health effects!

60
What types of engineering controls
can be used?

Ventilation
Fans
Open doors/windows
Mixing stations
Ventilated nail
stations

Photo used by National Jewish Health with written permission.

61
 What types of ventilation exist?

Local Exhaust Ventilation

or Source Capture System
Air purifiers
Special filtration systems
Natural ventilation

Photos used by National Jewish Health with written permission. 62

What is local exhaust ventilation or a
source capture system?

Suction to remove chemical

exposure prior to worker
exposure
Effective if properly designed
and used
Requires worker training
Requires special activated
charcoal for filtration
Requires a change out schedule
for activated charcoal Photo used by National Jewish Health with written permission.

Most important control to reduce salon workers exposure

to chemicals! 63
 What are local exhaust/source
capture systems for nails?
Downdraft tables
Should be vented
outside
Removes dust & debris
Removes chemical
vapors/odors Contains public sector information published by the CDC available on CDC.gov

Source capture hoods

Removes dust & debris
Removes chemical
vapors/odors

Photos used by National Jewish Health with written permission.

64
 Will an air purifier help?
Salon specific air purifier
Filters dust and debris
Removes chemical vapors and
odors
Has little effect on personal
exposures
Not acceptable for Keratin
Smoothing Products alone
Contains specialized activated
charcoal
Photo used by National Jewish Health with written permission.
NOT ionic cleaners

Can be used to reduce general odors and ambient

formaldehyde, but will not provide protection for stylist.
65
 Do special furnace filters help?
Help remove chemical vapors & dust
Contains special activated charcoal filter
May improve general odors
Will not likely reduce personal exposures

Photo used by National Jewish Health with written permission.

66
What other things can you do to
increase ventilation?
Open windows and doors
as much as possible
This allows additional
fresh air to enter the work
area
Use fans to blow air
away from your Picture by National Jewish Health

breathing zone
But not into your
coworkers breathing
zones

Picture by MASA available

under public domain from
Wikimedia Commons 67
 What else can I do to reduce exposure?
Use mixing stations to prepare
products.
Replace lids immediately after using a
chemical.
Use the smallest quantity of a chemical.
Make sure other workers in your area
know when you are using keratin
smoothing products.
Open doors and windows when
performing work that produces chemical
fumes/vapors.
Use a lidded trash can and empty it
frequently.
Picture by John Mullan available under public domain from
Wikimedia Commons

Use engineering controls properly all of the time! 68

What controls help prevent eye injuries?

Use goggles when mixing

chemicals if theres a chance
you could be splashed
After splash in the eye with a
very irritating chemical
Wash your eyes immediately
Wash for a minimum for 15
minutes
If pain, burning, or blurred vision Photo by Peter Baer available under public domain from Flick Creative Commons

persist seek medical attention

urgently

69
Hand hygiene is important to prevent skin
issues
Take good care of your hands to reduce irritation

Use gloves when washing

Moisturize after washing
Use gloves when handling
chemicals.
Dry your hands completely before
putting on gloves.
Use barrier creams.
Avoid rubbing hair in web spaces Photo by National Jewish Health

between your fingers

70
What type of respiratory protection should I use?
Respirators
Surgical mask only when you want to
protect the client from your illness
N95 to protect you from dust exposures
especially when doing nails
Should be NIOSH approved
Air purifying respirator when working
with chemicals such as formaldehyde
May need special cartridges based on exposure

Photos by National Jewish Health

71
 What other personal protective
equipment should I use?
Gloves
Nitrile these will protect from most
chemical exposures use when doing
hair or nails
Vinyl gloves do not protect against all
Photo by National Jewish Health

chemical exposures
Best practice is to use nitrile
Eye Protection
Use safety glasses/goggles when
mixing chemicals Picture by Lilly_M available under public domain
from Wikimedia Commons

72
 Ergonomics

Training Goals
Define ergonomics
Describe health effects caused by
ergonomic problems
Learn ways to reduce ergonomic
hazards

73
 Ergonomics is the science of fitting
the job to the worker (OSHA)
Every worker has their own set of:
Capabilities (Physical and mental)
Limitations
Enhancing the workers capabilities, while
minimizing the impact of their limitations by
using proper:
Tools and equipment
Job task assignment and training
Workplace environment
 Ergonomic problems can lead to
musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)
Soreness and Stiffness MSDs
Most common Injuries that happen
Gets better with rest and over time
stretching Tendons
Joints
If not, may be sign of
Nerves
more serious problem
Easy to treat early
Break from activity
Physical therapy
Harder to treat later
Photo by Musespeak available under public
Domain from Flickr Creative Commons

It is important to seek medical attention for MSDs early!

75
 Physical risk factors for MSDs:
Force, Repetition, and Posture
Force
How hard is the effort?
Posture Which one
How far are you from neutral
is most
posture? important?
Repetition
How many times are you doing it?
How long are you holding the
same position?

76
 Reduce risk factors for MSDs
Reduce required force
Use the right tools and techniques
Use only as much force as necessary
Use good posture
Change position frequently
Avoid unnecessary repetitive work
Get rest during away from work
Working overtime may not be a good idea

Reducing force and improving posture helps decrease risk from repetitive work.

77
 Proper technique can help keep your
wrist straight and reduce required force

Photos by National Jewish Health

Wrong way to hold a clients Better way

hand

125
The right tools will help keep your wrist
straight and reduce required force
Ergonomic haircutting
scissors and shears
Off set blade handles
Curved blades
Curved blade handles
Select proper size and
Photo by National Jewish Health

weight
Keep tools sharpened

Properly selected ergonomic tools will be comfortable and feel easy to use.
79
Use Tools the Right Size for Your Hand

Photos by National Jewish Health

Tool is too big Smaller tools fit small hands

80
 Special tools can reduce need for
repetitive hand movements

Photo by National Jewish Health Photo by Usagi-kun available under public domain from Flickr Creative
Commons

Nail machines can reduce Texturizing and thinning scissors

filing and buffing can reduce razor cutting
81
Stand and Sit in Neutral Posture
Feet flat on the floor
Back and neck not bent
Normal spinal curves
Shoulders squared and relaxed
Avoid holding your arms aways
from your body
Look straight ahead
Arms and hands in handshake
position
Image by Skoivuma available under Creative Commons
Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported

82
Stand in neutral position while cutting hair
Wrong Way Better Way

Photos by National Jewish Health

83
Stand in neutral position while washing hair
Wrong Way Better Way

Photos by National Jewish Health

84
 Sit in neutral position while doing facials
Wrong Way Better Way

Photos by National Jewish Health

85
Standing on Your Feet All Day is Hard Work!

Flat shoes keep your

feet flat on the floor
Wear shoes with
support and cushion
Use anti-fatigue mats
Whenever you can
Walk
Elevate one foot
2-4 inch block Photo by Martinson-Nicholls, Inc. used by National Jewish
Health with written permission

86
 Health Effects Due to Infections

Training Objectives
Define the types of
infections that can be
spread in the salon
industry
Describe the health effects
of those infections
Understand how infections
can be spread in salons
Learn ways to help
prevent spread of
infections
Image by r8r available under public domain under Flickr Creative Commons

87
Infections Can Be Spread While
Working with Clients
Infection can be spread by:

Breathing in cold and flu virus or touching your

eyes, nose, and mouth before washing your hands
Contact with infected skin
Direct contact with infected blood
Infections in the blood are not spread through casual
contact.
Intact skin is a good barrier

88
 Colds and flu are spread from
person to person
Infected droplets come out when you
Cough
Sneeze
Blow your nose
Infection is spread by:
Breathing in air with infected droplets
Touching your eyes, nose and mouth
with infected droplets
Photo by CDC

Available under public domain from Wikimedia

Commons
 One of the best ways to stop spread
of infection is hand washing
Wash with soap and water
At least 20 seconds
Sing Happy Birthday
Hand sanitizers are effective except:
When hands are visibly dirty
They do not remove chemicals
Photo available under public domain from CDC

Photo available under public domain from CDC

90
 Practice cold and flu protection

Protect Yourself Protect Others

Wash your hands before you
Get the flu vaccine
touch your eyes, nose and mouth
Ask clients who are coughing to
The elderly, young
put on a mask children and pregnant
Get the flu vaccine woman are at
increased risk from flu

Dracula Sneeze
Safe Sneeze

Talk to your doctor to see if the flu

vaccine is right for you Photo by Fairfax County available under public
domain from Flickr Creative Commons
Skin infections spread very easily
Bacteria can infect skin
MRSA
Open wounds should be
covered, including your own
Do not perform the service if the
wound cant be covered
Wear nitrile gloves if your client
has an open wound
Wash all tools after each client
Dispose of single use tools
Wash your hands after each Photo available under public domain from the CDC Public Health Image
Library

client

MRSA is caused by bacteria

resistant to many antibiotics.

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Footbaths can spread skin infection
Mycobacteria Ways to prevent spread
Not common of skin infections from
foot baths
Can be very severe
Do not perform
Starts as skin boil pedicure on clients with
Can grow large broken skin
With pus Follow the regulations
for cleaning of
Can leave scars
footbaths every day
Tell clients not to shave
their legs within 24
hours of pedicure

Photo available under public domain from the CDC Public

Health Image Library 93
 Infections Spread by
Contact with Infected Blood
Bloodborne Pathogens
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Splash of
HIV/AIDS
Bloodborne Pathogens are spread by infected blood: blood
On objects that cut into the skin
Splashes to eyes, nose, mouth Sharp
Splashes to broken skin objects

Photo by National Jewish Health and Microsoft Office

ClipArt

94
 Hepatitis B and C infect and cause
inflammation in the liver
Hepatitis B
Mild stomach flu Hepatitis C
Yellow skin (jaundice)
Rarely abnormal liver tests
There is no treatment
Usually no symptoms
Hepatitis B gets better
There is a good vaccine Does not get better
Chronic infection
Can affect liver function
There are medicines to
treat hepatitis C
Many side effects
Better drugs may be
available soon
There is no vaccine
We recommend that you talk to your doctor about Hepatitis B vaccination.
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 HIV affects the immune cells in
the blood
Immune Cells
HIV Slowly Destroys Immune Cells
White blood cells
Protect the body from No symptoms or mild flu-like
infection illness at first
No symptoms while HIV
slowly destroys immune cells

AIDS
Not enough immune cells
Public domain in the United States because it is
a work prepared by an officer or employee of the
United States Government
Severe infections develop

There are good medicines to treat HIV that help prevent AIDS.
96
 Treat all blood and body fluids
as if they are infected
Universal precautions

Any fluid that comes out of the body

Urine
Vomit
Stool/Diarrhea
Blood can be contained in any of these fluids

If you (or your client) are exposed to blood in a way that can spread
infection, see your doctor as soon as possible.
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Steps to take if injury causes bleeding
If you are bleeding
Cover your wound
If your client is bleeding
Have your client cover their wound
If needed, put on nitrile gloves before you cover
your clients wound
Be sure the bleeding stops
Wipe up/dispose of any spilled blood
Decontaminate all surfaces with hospital-grade
disinfectant
Double bag and label contaminated waste (or
use biohazard bag)
Photo available under public
domain from the CDC Public
Health Image Library

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Key elements of OSHAs bloodborne
pathogens standard in a salon
Universal precautions for all blood and body fluids
Control measures
Bandaids
Quats for disinfection
Sharps containers for disposal of sharp objects (lancets, etc.)
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Nitrile gloves
Make medical care available if there is any question about
exposure to blood/body fluids
Communicate the hazards
Label contaminated waste
Worker training
Hepatitis B vaccination offered to workers

99
 What do I need to disinfect?
Work area
Non-disposable nail equipment
Shears/clippers
Metal tools
Non-porous tools Picture by Piercetheorganist
available under public domain from
Wikimedia Commons

Capes/towels
Pedicure Spas
Important:
Anything that touches someone
hands, salon tools, implements, or applicators
must be thrown away, cleaned or disinfected! Picture by Salon Jaffa available under public domain from
Wikimedia Commons
100
 Disinfection Guidelines
Level of Infection
Item Control Procedure Examples
Tools/implements Disinfection Kills Use antibacterial, Barbicide II
that have certain bacteria EPA-registered Envirocide

POWER
contacted blood or disinfectant effective Hospital Disinfectant
body fluids against HIV and Shockwave RTU
Hepatitis B.

Tools/implements Disinfection Kills Use broad-spectrum, Barbicide

that have not certain bacteria EPA-registered Clippercide
contacted blood or KILLING bactericidal, virucidal, Lysol IC
body fluids fungicidal,
pseudomonacidal
disinfectant.

101
 Disinfection Guidelines Continued
Level of
Infection
Item Control Procedure Examples
Countertops Sanitation Use EPA-registered Hard Surfaces & Linens
Sinks cleaning product. Shockwave RTU
Floors Efficacy label will Hard Surfaces Only
Toilets state, appropriate RMC Non Acid Cleaner

POWER
Towels/Linens for floors, Disinfectant
countertops, sinks, Lysol IC Quaternary
toilets, towels and/or 409
linens.
Your hands before Sanitation Use liquid soap. Dial Antimicrobial
each client Avoid bar soaps. Ecolab Bacti-Foam
Antimicrobial Liquid Dial Sensitive
KILLING

(antibacterial) is Skin Antimicrobial

recommended.
Your hands & clients Sanitation Use antiseptic Safetec Hand Sanitizer
hands and/or feet designed for hands SaniHands ALC Wipes
prior to manicure or and/or feet.
pedicure service
102
 Disinfection details matter!
It is important to follow the manufacturers
guidelines for disinfection guidelines
Pre-clean any tools, or area before using disinfectants to
reduce the amount of disinfectant necessary
Contact time is critical for effective disinfection
Regularly change disinfectant solution
Store disinfected tools in an airtight container
It is important to use proper personal protective
equipment based on the disinfectant you are
using
Always wear gloves & safety glasses when mixing
disinfectants
Proper disinfection requires careful attention to required
contact times to kill the virus/bacteria! 103
 Salon Safety Hazards

Electrical
Slips, trips, falls

Contains public sector information published by the Work Place Learning

Centre available on workplacelearningcentre.co.uk

104
What should I do to protect myself
from electrical hazards?
Ensure adequate electrical outlets at each
workstation
Do not overload outlets
Do not use multiple power strips
Use one appliance at a time
Do not use equipment that has a damaged cord
Do not use electrical appliances in areas where you
come into contact with liquids

Picture by Ivy Main available under public domain from Wikimedia Commons 105
How do you avoid slips, trips & falls?
Re-route cables overhead if
possible
Unplug equipment when
not in use
Keep area around
workstation clear
Sweep up hair after each
client
Clean up after using glossers
or shine sprays
Mop up any wet areas
Picture by Gunnar Ries available under public domain from
immediately to prevent falls
Wikimedia Commons

106
How does it all fit together?

107
 Questions?

Photo by National Jewish Health

This material was produced under grant number SH-23540-SH2 from the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does
not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor
does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply
endorsement by the U. S. Government.

108