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    Operating System: by Bhaswanth

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    Bhaswanth Gudimella
    The document provides an overview of operating systems. It defines an operating system as a program that acts as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware. It discusses the evolution of operating systems from first to next generations. It describes the structure of an operating system as having four layers: hardware, operating system software, system programs, and application programs. It also outlines some key functions of operating systems such as providing a user interface, running programs, managing hardware devices, and organizing file storage.

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    Operating System: by Bhaswanth

    Uploaded by

    Bhaswanth Gudimella
    214 views21 pages
    The document provides an overview of operating systems. It defines an operating system as a program that acts as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware. It discusses the evolution of operating systems from first to next generations. It describes the structure of an operating system as having four layers: hardware, operating system software, system programs, and application programs. It also outlines some key functions of operating systems such as providing a user interface, running programs, managing hardware devices, and organizing file storage.

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    About Operating Systems

    Original Title

    Operating System

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document provides an overview of operating systems. It defines an operating system as a program that acts as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware. It discusses the evolution of operating systems from first to next generations. It describes the structure of an operating system as having four layers: hardware, operating system software, system programs, and application programs. It also outlines some key functions of operating systems such as providing a user interface, running programs, managing hardware devices, and organizing file storage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    214 views21 pages

    Operating System: by Bhaswanth

    Uploaded by

    Bhaswanth Gudimella
    The document provides an overview of operating systems. It defines an operating system as a program that acts as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware. It discusses the evolution of operating systems from first to next generations. It describes the structure of an operating system as having four layers: hardware, operating system software, system programs, and application programs. It also outlines some key functions of operating systems such as providing a user interface, running programs, managing hardware devices, and organizing file storage.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The key takeaways are the evolution of operating systems from first to fourth generation, the structure of an operating system consisting of hardware, software and different layers, and the different types and functions of operating systems.

    The different types of operating systems discussed are real-time operating systems, single user/single tasking operating systems, single user/multitasking operating systems, and multi user/multitasking operating systems.

    An operating system manages hardware by allowing programs to access hardware through system calls and interrupts. It stops the CPU to allow a hardware device to be accessed, and uses device drivers to control the hardware.

    OPERATING SYSTEM

    BY BHASWANTH
    Contents

    Intro
    Evolution of Operating Systems
    Structure of an Operating System
    Functions of an Operating System
    Types of Operating Systems
    What is an Operating System?

    A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of


    a computer and the computer hardware
    Operating system goals:
    Execute user programs and make solving user problems
    easier
    Make the computer system convenient to use
    Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner
    Operating System is a software, which makes a computer to
    actually work.

    It is the software the enables all the programs we use.

    The OS organizes and controls the hardware.

    OS acts as an interface between the application programs and


    the machine hardware.

    Examples: Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac OS, etc.,


    EVOLUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
    First generation: 1945 1955
    Vacuum tubes
    Plug boards
    Second generation: 1955 1965
    Transistors
    Batch systems
    Third generation: 1965 1980
    Integrated circuits
    Multiprogramming
    Fourth generation: 1980 present
    Large scale integration
    Personal computers
    Next generation: ???
    Systems connected by high-speed networks?
    Wide area resource management?
    STRUCTURE OF OPERATING
    SYSTEM
    Application Programs

    System Programs

    Software (Operating System)

    HARDWARE
    The structure of OS consists of 4 layers:
    Hardware
    Hardware consists of CPU, Main memory, I/O
    Devices, etc.,

    Software (Operating System)


    Software includes process management routines,
    memory management routines, I/O control routines,
    file management routines.
    System programs
    This layer consists of compilers, Assemblers,
    linker etc.

    Application programs
    This is dependent on users need. Ex. Railway
    reservation system, Bank database management
    etc.,
    FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS

    Provide a user interface


    Run programs
    Manage hardware devices
    Organized file storage
    Providing a User Interface

    User interface
    How a user interacts with a computer
    Require different skill sets
    Graphical User Interface and Command Line Interface
    are some of the User Interfaces
    Graphical User Interface

    Most common interface


    Windows, OS X, Gnome, KDE
    Uses a mouse to control objects
    Uses a desktop metaphor
    Shortcuts open programs or documents
    Open documents have additional objects
    Task switching
    Dialog boxes allow directed input
    Graphical User Interface
    Command Line Interface

    Older interface
    DOS, Linux, UNIX
    User types commands at a prompt
    User must remember all commands
    Included in all GUIs
    Command Line Interface
    Running Programs

    Many different applications supported


    System call
    Provides consistent access to OS features
    Share information between programs
    Copy and paste
    Object Linking and Embedding
    Managing Hardware

    Programs need to access hardware


    Interrupts
    CPU is stopped
    Hardware device is accessed
    Device drivers control the hardware
    Organizing Files and Folders

    Organized storage
    Long file names
    Folders can be created and nested
    All storage devices work consistently
    TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS

    Real-time operating system


    Very fast small OS
    Built into a device
    Respond quickly to user input
    MP3 players, Medical devices
    Single user/Single tasking OS
    One user works on the system
    Performs one task at a time
    MS-DOS and Palm OS
    Take up little space on disk
    Run on inexpensive computers
    Single user/Multitasking OS
    User performs many tasks at once
    Most common form of OS
    Windows XP and OS X
    Require expensive computers
    Tend to be complex
    Multi user/Multitasking OS
    Many users connect to one computer
    Each user has a unique session
    UNIX, Linux, and VMS
    Maintenance can be easy
    Requires a powerful computer

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