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    2012 Anthelminthic

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    Uniatimelinda
    This document summarizes different classes of anthelmintic drugs used to treat helminth infections. It describes the three main groups of helminths - cestodes, nematodes, and trematodes - and provides examples of specific helminth species and the drugs used for treatment. The document then discusses the mechanisms of action, adverse effects, contraindications, and therapeutic notes for several common anthelmintic drugs, including niclosamide, praziquantel, piperazine, benzimidazoles, diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin, and levamizole.

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    2012 Anthelminthic

    Uploaded by

    Uniatimelinda
    19 views12 pages
    This document summarizes different classes of anthelmintic drugs used to treat helminth infections. It describes the three main groups of helminths - cestodes, nematodes, and trematodes - and provides examples of specific helminth species and the drugs used for treatment. The document then discusses the mechanisms of action, adverse effects, contraindications, and therapeutic notes for several common anthelmintic drugs, including niclosamide, praziquantel, piperazine, benzimidazoles, diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin, and levamizole.

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    2012 ANTHELMINTHIC

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    This document summarizes different classes of anthelmintic drugs used to treat helminth infections. It describes the three main groups of helminths - cestodes, nematodes, and trematodes - and provides examples of specific helminth species and the drugs used for treatment. The document then discusses the mechanisms of action, adverse effects, contraindications, and therapeutic notes for several common anthelmintic drugs, including niclosamide, praziquantel, piperazine, benzimidazoles, diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin, and levamizole.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    19 views12 pages

    2012 Anthelminthic

    Uploaded by

    Uniatimelinda
    This document summarizes different classes of anthelmintic drugs used to treat helminth infections. It describes the three main groups of helminths - cestodes, nematodes, and trematodes - and provides examples of specific helminth species and the drugs used for treatment. The document then discusses the mechanisms of action, adverse effects, contraindications, and therapeutic notes for several common anthelmintic drugs, including niclosamide, praziquantel, piperazine, benzimidazoles, diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin, and levamizole.

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    of 12

    ANTHELMINTIC

    DRUGS
    Groups of Helminths

    Cestoda (tapeworms)

    Nematoda (roundworms)

    Trematoda (flukes)
    Helminth species Drugs
    used in treatment

    Ces- Taenia, diphyllobothrium Niclosamide,praziquantel


    todes Echinococcus Albendazole

    Nema- Ascariasis, enterobius Mebendazole, piperazine


    todes Strongyloides Tiabendazole,albendazole
    Trichuris,necator,ankylostoma Mebendazole
    Trichinella spiralis Thiabendazole
    Dracunculus medinensis Metronidazole
    Wucheria,Loaloa,Brugia malayi Diethylcarbamazine
    Onchocerca Ivermectin

    Trema-
    The Anthelmintic Drugs

    Mechanism :
    Damaging or killing the worm directly
    Paralysing the worm
    Damaging the culticle of the worm so
    that host defences, such as digestion &
    immune rejection, can effect the worm
    Interfering with worm metabolism
    Niclosamide

    Mechanism of action
    Blocks glucose uptake. Irreversibly damaging the
    scolex. Very little absorbed from GI tract.

    Adverse effects
    Mild GI disturbance

    Therapeutic notes
    Fasted patient
    Praziquantel
    Mechanism of action
    Increase permeability helminth plasma membrane to Ca.
    Contraction & spastic paralysis vesiculation &
    vacuolization damage to the tegument of the worm.
    Adverse effects
    Mild GI disturbance, headache, dizziness
    Therapeutic notes
    After meal, 3x daily for 2 days only
    Piperazine
    Mechanism of action
    Reversible neuromuscular blocker that causes a flaccid
    paralysis in worms, leading to their expulsion by GI
    peristalsis.
    Adverse effects
    Mild GI disturbance, neurotoxic effects (dizziness)
    Therapeutic notes
    Single dose, 1 7 days
    Benzimidazoles
    Mechanism of action
    Bind to a site on tubulin dimers, preventing the
    polymerization of microtubules. Potent, 250-400x in
    helminth than mamalian tissues.
    Adverse effects
    GI disturbance, headache, dizziness, hepatotoxicity
    Contraindication
    Pregnant woman (teratogenic, embryotoxic)
    Therapeutic notes
    Single dose, 1 5 days
    Diethylcarbamazine
    Mechanism of action
    Make parasites more susceptible to host immune
    defences. Kill both microfilariae in the peripheral
    circulation & adult worms in the lymphatic.
    Adverse effects
    Mild GI disturbance, headache, lassitude
    Therapeutic notes
    The initial dose is started low and then increased &
    maintained for 21 days
    Ivermectin
    Mechanism of action
    Immobilizes the worm by causing tonic paralysis
    of the peripheral muscle system. Potentiating
    the effect of -aminobutyric acid at worms
    neuromuscular junction.
    Adverse effects
    Ocular irritation, transient
    electrocardiographic changes & somnolence.
    Levamizole

    Mechanism of action
    Stimulates nicotinic receptors at the
    neuromuscular junction & results in a spastic
    paralysis, which causes faecal worm expulsion

    Adverse effects
    Mild nausea & vomiting

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