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    Sulfonamides: Wednesday, 1 October 2014 10 Am - 12 PM

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    ecc baf
    This document discusses sulfonamides, including their mechanism of action, classification, uses, and side effects. Sulfonamides work by preventing the synthesis of folic acid required for bacterial cell growth. Common sulfonamide drugs include sulfamethoxazole, which is often combined with trimethoprim in a formulation called co-trimoxazole that has a wider antibacterial spectrum and is synergistic. Co-trimoxazole is commonly used to treat UTIs, respiratory infections, and Pneumocystis pneumonia. Side effects can include allergic reactions, crystalluria, and hematological issues.

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    Sulfonamides: Wednesday, 1 October 2014 10 Am - 12 PM

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    ecc baf
    92 views9 pages
    This document discusses sulfonamides, including their mechanism of action, classification, uses, and side effects. Sulfonamides work by preventing the synthesis of folic acid required for bacterial cell growth. Common sulfonamide drugs include sulfamethoxazole, which is often combined with trimethoprim in a formulation called co-trimoxazole that has a wider antibacterial spectrum and is synergistic. Co-trimoxazole is commonly used to treat UTIs, respiratory infections, and Pneumocystis pneumonia. Side effects can include allergic reactions, crystalluria, and hematological issues.

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    sulfonamides

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    Sufonamides

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    This document discusses sulfonamides, including their mechanism of action, classification, uses, and side effects. Sulfonamides work by preventing the synthesis of folic acid required for bacterial cell growth. Common sulfonamide drugs include sulfamethoxazole, which is often combined with trimethoprim in a formulation called co-trimoxazole that has a wider antibacterial spectrum and is synergistic. Co-trimoxazole is commonly used to treat UTIs, respiratory infections, and Pneumocystis pneumonia. Side effects can include allergic reactions, crystalluria, and hematological issues.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    92 views9 pages

    Sulfonamides: Wednesday, 1 October 2014 10 Am - 12 PM

    Uploaded by

    ecc baf
    This document discusses sulfonamides, including their mechanism of action, classification, uses, and side effects. Sulfonamides work by preventing the synthesis of folic acid required for bacterial cell growth. Common sulfonamide drugs include sulfamethoxazole, which is often combined with trimethoprim in a formulation called co-trimoxazole that has a wider antibacterial spectrum and is synergistic. Co-trimoxazole is commonly used to treat UTIs, respiratory infections, and Pneumocystis pneumonia. Side effects can include allergic reactions, crystalluria, and hematological issues.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    SULFONAMIDES

    WEDNESDAY, 1st October 2014


    10 am -12 pm
    Learning objectives
    At the end of this session you will be able to:
    Classify sulfonamides.
    Explain the mechanism of action of
    Sulfonamides along with uses, side effects and
    contraindications.
    Discuss sequential blockade with reference to
    cotrimoxazole
    Sulfonamides: Mechanism of
    Action
    Spectrum: both gram + ve & gram ve
    including S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, H.
    influenzae
    Bacteriostatic action
    Prevent synthesis of folic acid required for
    synthesis of purines and nucleic acid
    Does not affect human cells or certain
    bacteriathey can use preformed folic
    acid
    Mechanism of action

    P-AMINOBENZOIC ACID

    sulfonamide Dihydrofolate synthetase

    DIHYDROFOLIC ACID

    trimethoprim Dihydrofolate reductase

    TETRAHYDROFOLIC ACID

    Other drugs that inhibit DHFR enzyme:


    Methotrexate, Pyrimethamine (combined
    with sulfadoxine for malaria treatment)
    Classification:
    Sulfonamides
    Absorbed Rapidly & excreted rapidly:
    Sulphamethoxazole, sulfadiazine: orally for
    systemic infections.
    Absorbed slowly & excreted slowly:
    Sulfadoxine, Long acting, 7-9 days: used
    for treatment of malaria along with
    pyrimethamine
    Not absorbed orally : Sulfasalazine: gets
    broken down into 5-ASA and sulfapyridine
    in large intestine, 5-ASA acts locally in IBD.
    Topically used : Silver sulfadiazine (for
    dressing of wound infection),
    sulfacetamide eye drops
    Sulfonamides: sulfamethoxazole
    Therapeutic Uses

    Combined with trimethoprim.


    Used to treat UTIs, Pneumocystis carinii
    pneumonia, ear infections, bronchitis,
    gonorrhea
    Nocardiosis
    Toxoplasmosis : combination of
    pyrimethamine & sulfadiazine is
    treatment of choice
    Adverse Reacions
    Hypersensitivity reactions, phototoxicity,
    fixed drug eruption.
    **Urinary tract disturbances : Crystalluria,

    hemorrhagic cystitis. How to avoid them??


    Hematopoietic disturbances: **hemolytic

    anemia (G6PD deficiency), aplastic anemia


    **Drug Interactions : can promote effects

    of warfarin, phenytoin ??
    Kernicterus

    *Contraindicated in pregnancy.
    Co-Trimoxazole
    Fixed dose combination of Trimethoprim
    & sulfamethoxazole
    Combination becomes Bactericidal, also
    widens the spectrum to include
    salmonella
    Sequential blockade- Synergistic
    1 part of trimethoprim is combined with 5
    parts of SMX (80mg TMP + 400mg SMX)
    Optimum plasma ratio 1:20
    Uses of Co-Trimoxazole
    **UTI

    Bacterial Respiratory tract infections


    GI infections caused by shigella,

    salmonella
    **Pneumocystis carinii infections:

    treatment and prophylaxis of PCP


    pneumonia (DOC)
    Nocardiosis

    Brucellosis : DOC is combination of

    Doxycycline and streptomycin / gentamicin

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