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    Reversible Cell Injury

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    juju
    The document discusses reversible cell injury, including the causes, morphological changes, and examples. The main causes of reversible cell injury are oxygen deprivation, chemicals, infections, immune reactions, genetics, nutrition, and physical factors. The key morphological changes are cellular swelling and fatty change. These changes are reversible if the injurious stimulus is removed. Examples given of reversible cell injury include ischemic myocardium and fatty liver from alcohol or obesity.

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    Reversible Cell Injury

    Uploaded by

    juju
    82 views14 pages
    The document discusses reversible cell injury, including the causes, morphological changes, and examples. The main causes of reversible cell injury are oxygen deprivation, chemicals, infections, immune reactions, genetics, nutrition, and physical factors. The key morphological changes are cellular swelling and fatty change. These changes are reversible if the injurious stimulus is removed. Examples given of reversible cell injury include ischemic myocardium and fatty liver from alcohol or obesity.

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    The document discusses reversible cell injury, including the causes, morphological changes, and examples. The main causes of reversible cell injury are oxygen deprivation, chemicals, infections, immune reactions, genetics, nutrition, and physical factors. The key morphological changes are cellular swelling and fatty change. These changes are reversible if the injurious stimulus is removed. Examples given of reversible cell injury include ischemic myocardium and fatty liver from alcohol or obesity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    82 views14 pages

    Reversible Cell Injury

    Uploaded by

    juju
    The document discusses reversible cell injury, including the causes, morphological changes, and examples. The main causes of reversible cell injury are oxygen deprivation, chemicals, infections, immune reactions, genetics, nutrition, and physical factors. The key morphological changes are cellular swelling and fatty change. These changes are reversible if the injurious stimulus is removed. Examples given of reversible cell injury include ischemic myocardium and fatty liver from alcohol or obesity.

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    of 14

    REVERSIBLE

    CELL INJURY
    Anatomy Pathologics Students
    Of Combine Degree
    -Dr. luh Dewi Rahayu
    -Dr. Novitasari

    -Dr. Yolanda Isabela S.


    RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CELLULAR FUNCTION,
    CELL DEATH AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE
    CAUSES OF CELL INJURY

    Oxygen deprivation Hypoxia, shock, CO Poisoning,


    anemia
    Chemical Agent Air Pollutant, insectiside, ethanol

    Infectious Agent Bacteria, fungi, protozoan,


    rickettsia
    Immunologic Agent Autoimmune reaction

    Genetic Defect Down syndrome, def func protein

    Nutritional Imbalance Prot-cal insufficiency, obesity

    Physical Agent Trauma, extreme temperature,


    electric
    Aging Celluler senescence
    REVERSIBLE CELL INJURY
    The cellular derangements of reversible injury can be repaired

    If the injurious stimulus abates, the cell will return to normalcy.

    Persistent or excessive injury, however, causes cells to pass the


    nebulous "point of no return" into irreversible injury and cell death.

    The events that determine when reversible injury becomes


    irreversible and progresses to cell death remain poorly understood.

    Although there are no definitive morphologic or biochemical


    correlates of irreversibility, two phenomena consistently
    characterize irreversibility: the inability to reverse mitochondrial
    dysfunction (lack of oxidative phosphorylation and ATP generation)
    even after resolution of the original injury, and profound
    disturbances in membrane function.
    REVERSIBLE CELL INJURY
    The two main morphologic correlates of reversible cell
    injury are cellular swelling and fatty change.

    Cellular swelling is the result of failure of energy-


    dependent ion pumps in the plasma membrane, leading
    to an inability to maintain ionic and fluid homeostasis.

    Fatty change occurs in hypoxic injury and various forms


    of toxic or metabolic injury, and is manifested by the
    appearance of small or large lipid vacuoles in the
    cytoplasm.

    It occurs mainly in cells involved in and dependent on fat


    metabolism, such as hepatocytes and myocardial cells.
    MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE IN CELL
    INJURY
    CELLULAR SWELLING
    The first manifestation of almost all forms of injury
    to cells,
    More apparent at the level of the whole organ.
    Organ : pallor, increased turgor, and increase in
    weight of the organ.
    Microscopic examination : small, clear vacuoles
    within the cytoplasm; these represent distended
    and pinched-off segments of the ER.

    This pattern of nonlethal injury is sometimes


    called hydropic change or vacuolar degeneration.
    FATTY CHANGE
    Fatty change is manifested by the appearance
    of lipid vacuoles in the cytoplasm.

    It is principally encountered in cells


    participating in fat metabolism (e.g.,
    hepatocytes and myocardial cells) and is also
    reversible.

    Injured cells may also show increased


    eosinophilic staining, which becomes much
    more pronounced with progression to necrosis.
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY RCI (SUMMARY)
    The ultrastructural changes of reversible cell injury are
    illustrated schematically, include :
    Plasma membrane alterations such as blebbing,
    blunting or distortion of microvilli, and loosening of
    intercellular attachments

    Mitochondrial changes such as swelling and the


    appearance of phospholipid-rich amorphous densities

    Dilation of the ER with detachment of ribosomes and


    dissociation of polysomes

    Nuclear alterations, with clumping of chromatin.


    EXAMPLE REVERSIBLE CELL INJURY
    Myocardium : Ischemic
    EXAMPLE OF REVERSIBLE CELL
    INJURY
    Hepatocyte fatty change (Fatty liver) caused
    by alcohol, chloroform, obesity, DM.

    Compartment syndrome which is done


    fasciotomy immediately.

    Respond of the kidney cell in shock, and then


    immediately resuscitated.
    THANK YOU

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