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    Fertilization and Maturation: Exercise 2

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    Abi Garcia
    This document summarizes the key stages of fertilization and maturation in the parasitic nematode Ascaris. It describes fertilization as the fusion of male sperm and female ovum to form a zygote, initiating cleavage, gastrulation and development. It then outlines the stages of sperm penetration, pronuclear formation, nuclear fusion and early cleavage. Diagrams illustrate each stage, showing the structures present and whether meiosis is still occurring. The document aims to describe the steps in maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development in Ascaris, using its transparent eggs to visualize these processes.

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Fertilization and Maturation: Exercise 2

    Uploaded by

    Abi Garcia
    307 views19 pages
    This document summarizes the key stages of fertilization and maturation in the parasitic nematode Ascaris. It describes fertilization as the fusion of male sperm and female ovum to form a zygote, initiating cleavage, gastrulation and development. It then outlines the stages of sperm penetration, pronuclear formation, nuclear fusion and early cleavage. Diagrams illustrate each stage, showing the structures present and whether meiosis is still occurring. The document aims to describe the steps in maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development in Ascaris, using its transparent eggs to visualize these processes.

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    ascaris uterus

    Original Title

    Fertilization and Maturation

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    This document summarizes the key stages of fertilization and maturation in the parasitic nematode Ascaris. It describes fertilization as the fusion of male sperm and female ovum to form a zygote, initiating cleavage, gastrulation and development. It then outlines the stages of sperm penetration, pronuclear formation, nuclear fusion and early cleavage. Diagrams illustrate each stage, showing the structures present and whether meiosis is still occurring. The document aims to describe the steps in maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development in Ascaris, using its transparent eggs to visualize these processes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    307 views19 pages

    Fertilization and Maturation: Exercise 2

    Uploaded by

    Abi Garcia
    This document summarizes the key stages of fertilization and maturation in the parasitic nematode Ascaris. It describes fertilization as the fusion of male sperm and female ovum to form a zygote, initiating cleavage, gastrulation and development. It then outlines the stages of sperm penetration, pronuclear formation, nuclear fusion and early cleavage. Diagrams illustrate each stage, showing the structures present and whether meiosis is still occurring. The document aims to describe the steps in maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development in Ascaris, using its transparent eggs to visualize these processes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Exercise 2

    FERTILIZATION AND
    MATURATION
    Abigail A. Garcia, M.Sc.
    Department of Biological Sciences
    College of Science
    FERTILIZATION
     Direct interaction and fusion of two germinal
    cells which results in initiation of cleavage,
    gastrulation and species-specific development
    processes that characterizes each organism

     A process in sexual reproduction that involves


    the union of male (sperm) and female
    (ovum) gametes (each with a
    single, haploid set of chromosomes) to
    produce a diploid zygote.
    ASCARIS/ ASCARIS UTERUS
     Parasitic nematode in
    intestine
     Sperm cells enter the
    eggs in the genital tract
    even before final stages
    of oogenesis is completed
     Transparent eggs –
    possible to study steps in
    maturation, fertilization
    and cleavage
     2N-4
    Oogonium (2N)
    Growth / Maturation

    Meiosis I
    Primary Oocyte (2N)
    Arrest at metaphase I
    until stimulated by hormone

    Meiosis II
    First polar
    ovulation Secondary Oocyte (N) body
    Arrest at metaphase II

    No Fertilization Fertilization

    degeneration MII continues

    Differentiation Second polar


    Ootid (N) bodies
    UNFERTILIZED EGG

     Absence of extensive
    membranes observed in
    fertilized eggs

     Vacuolated cytoplasm,
    inconspicuos nuclei

     PRIMARY OOCYTE
    MATURATION STAGES

    Sperm Penetration Stage

    Pronuclear Stage

    Fusion Stage

    Early Cleavage
    SPERM PENETRATION STAGE
     Stage of Development:
    PRIMARY
    OOCYTE
     Characteristics:
     Presence of small, dense,
    and triangular SPERM
    HEAD
     After penetration, become
    surrounded by a fertilization
    membrane and thick outer
    shell (chitinous shell)
     Meiosis II continues after
    this stage
    To the right, Stage of
    Development:
    PRIMARY OOCYTE
    -Sperm head transforming
    -Female chromosomes at MD1
    -Presence of fertilization membranes

    To the left, Stage of


    Development:
    SECONDARY OOCYTE
    -First polar body
    -Sperm head
    -Female chromosomes at MD2
    MATURATION STAGES

    Sperm Penetration Stage

    Pronuclear Stage

    Fusion Stage

    Early Cleavage
    PRONUCLEAR STAGE
     Oocyte has to
    complete maturation
    process
     Male pronucleus
    appear as dense body
    near the center of egg
     Presence of
    perivitelline space
    between egg and
    fertilization
    membrane
     Stage of Development:
    OOTID
    MATURATION STAGES

    Sperm Penetration Stage

    Pronuclear Stage

    Fusion Stage

    Early Cleavage
    FUSION STAGE
     Male and female
    pronuclei fuse
    following migration
    towards each other
     Presence of two
    polar bodies; inner
    2nd polar body and
    outer 1st polar body
     Fusion of membranes
    resulting in a diploid
    zygote nucleus
     Stage of
    Development: OVUM
    MATURATION STAGES

    Sperm Penetration Stage

    Pronuclear Stage

    Fusion Stage

    Early Cleavage
    EARLY CLEAVAGE STAGE
     Diploid
     Zygote
     Entire cell dividing (differentiate
    Telophase from Fusion stage)
     Observable phases of mitosis
    PROPHASE
    METAPHASE
    ANAPHASE
    TELOPHASE
    Exercise 2

    FERTILIZATION AND
    MATURATION
    Abigail A. Garcia, M.Sc.
    Department of Biological Sciences
    College of Science

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