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    Cellular Components of Typical Plant and Animal Cells: Presentation By: Faridah Hashim Rossharkina Gorisma Wong Hui Jin

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    The document summarizes key components of plant and animal cells. It describes the cell membrane as a thin, flexible layer composed mainly of phospholipids and proteins that forms the outer boundary of the cell. The membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell and allows for compartmentalization. The document also describes the primary and secondary cell walls that surround plant cells. The primary cell wall is thin and porous, allowing water movement, while the secondary cell wall is thicker and contains lignin, providing strength and protection.

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    Cellular Components of Typical Plant and Animal Cells: Presentation By: Faridah Hashim Rossharkina Gorisma Wong Hui Jin

    Uploaded by

    ccffy
    39 views17 pages
    The document summarizes key components of plant and animal cells. It describes the cell membrane as a thin, flexible layer composed mainly of phospholipids and proteins that forms the outer boundary of the cell. The membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell and allows for compartmentalization. The document also describes the primary and secondary cell walls that surround plant cells. The primary cell wall is thin and porous, allowing water movement, while the secondary cell wall is thicker and contains lignin, providing strength and protection.

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    The document summarizes key components of plant and animal cells. It describes the cell membrane as a thin, flexible layer composed mainly of phospholipids and proteins that forms the outer boundary of the cell. The membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell and allows for compartmentalization. The document also describes the primary and secondary cell walls that surround plant cells. The primary cell wall is thin and porous, allowing water movement, while the secondary cell wall is thicker and contains lignin, providing strength and protection.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    39 views17 pages

    Cellular Components of Typical Plant and Animal Cells: Presentation By: Faridah Hashim Rossharkina Gorisma Wong Hui Jin

    Uploaded by

    ccffy
    The document summarizes key components of plant and animal cells. It describes the cell membrane as a thin, flexible layer composed mainly of phospholipids and proteins that forms the outer boundary of the cell. The membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell and allows for compartmentalization. The document also describes the primary and secondary cell walls that surround plant cells. The primary cell wall is thin and porous, allowing water movement, while the secondary cell wall is thicker and contains lignin, providing strength and protection.

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    of 17

    Chapter

    2:STRUCTURE OF
    CELLS AND
    ORGANELLES
    CELLULAR COMPONENTS OF TYPICAL
    PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

    Presentation By: Faridah Hashim


    Rossharkina Gorisma
    Wong Hui Jin
    CELL
    MEMBR
    ANE
    WHAT IS CELL
    MEMBRANE ???
    A cell membrane is a general
    term that refers to any
    membrane found within a
    cell.

    The cell surface membrane


    which encloses the contents
    of the cell.

    Also called plasma membrane


    Singer and Nicolsons fluid-
    mosaic model.
    Characteristics :
    ~A thin , flexible layer which forms the outer boundary of
    a cell.

    ~Composed mainly of phospholipids and proteins.

    ~Semi-permeable

    ~The heads(hydrophilic).
    The tails(hydrophobic).

    ~The structure is dynamic where each lipid molecule can


    move within its own monolayer and so is each protein
    unit.

    ~The fluidity of the membrane depends on the length of


    the fatty acid chains .

    ~Cholesterol with its hydrophilic head and hydrophobic


    tail fits neatly within the phospholipid layer.

    ~The proteins are embedded in the phospholipid layer like


    mosaic,either in only one monolayer or span the bilayer.
    WHAT THE
    FUNCTIONS OF
    CELL
    MEMBRANE ??
    ?
    Functions : ^_^
    * Separates the contents of a cell from its external
    environment.

    *Regulates the movement of substance entering and


    leaving the cell.

    *Allows the exchange of nutrients respiratory gases and


    waste product between the cell and its environment.

    *Acts as receptor sites in recognising external stimuli such


    as hormone and antigen molecules.

    *Membranes allow compartmentalisation and division of


    labour especially within membrane-bound organelles.
    CELL WALL
    *_*
    CHARACTERISTICS
    ->The cell wall is carbohydrate
    layer of cellulose found outside
    the plasma membrane of plants
    cells.

    ->2 type of cell wall primary &


    secondary cell wall.
    CELL WALL ^_^
    Primary Cell Wall
    =found in young cells and cells that not highly
    differentiated.
    =e.g:meristem,parenchyme & collenchyme.

    # thin layer found just outside the plasma membrane of


    most plant cells.Also found on the outer layer of cells with
    2nd cell wall.

    #it consists randomly arranged microfibrils of cellulose in


    an amorphous matrix.

    #Each microfibril consists about 100 chains of cellulose


    molecule of 5-20 m and diameter of 1-2 m.

    #the matrix is made up of complex polysaccharides


    (pectins and hemicellulose with long and branched
    molecules)

    #a middle lamella layer consists of magnesium and


    calcium pectates for cementing adjacent cells.
    #primary cell wall is porous.
    -enables water to be transported apoplastically along it.

    #Elastic and strong.


    -enables parenchyma cells to become turgid and support
    the whole plants especially in herbaceous plants.

    #the wall is usually perforated with plasmodesmata for the


    transport of substances between cells.
    Secondary Cell Wall
    ->is a harder and usually thicker layer cell
    wall,formed between the plasma membrane and
    primary cell wall.

    1.The wall is made up of regularly arranged microfibrils or


    bigger macrofibrils.The fibrils are arranged in layers parallel
    rows,which are perpendicular to those of upper lower
    layers.

    2.The matrix in the 2nd wall is impregnated with


    lignin,forming a hard and impervious layer.

    3.The deposition of lignin in xylem vessels is not uniform


    but in patterns like rings,helices or networks.
    Fibrils arranged in layers of parallel rows.
    FUNCTIONS
    Functions
    *_*
    #Maintains the shape of plant cells.

    #Provide mechanical strength and support to plant


    cells.

    #Protects plants cells from bursting due to the movement


    of excess water into the cells .
    #cell wall of the xylem vessels forms empty tubes for water
    transport from the roots to the leaves.

    #provides food storage in the from hemicellulose in some


    seeds.

    #provides large surface area to volume ratio in root hair


    cells where absorption can take place.
    Any
    Question
    ?

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