A single-phase half-bridge inverter consists of two transistors and a three-wire DC source. The transistors are switched on and off alternately to provide positive and negative halves of the DC voltage across the load. For an inductive load, the transistors are only switched on for a quarter cycle each. Key performance metrics for inverters include total harmonic distortion, distortion factor, and lowest order harmonic, which quantify the level of harmonic distortion in the output waveform.
A single-phase half-bridge inverter consists of two transistors and a three-wire DC source. The transistors are switched on and off alternately to provide positive and negative halves of the DC voltage across the load. For an inductive load, the transistors are only switched on for a quarter cycle each. Key performance metrics for inverters include total harmonic distortion, distortion factor, and lowest order harmonic, which quantify the level of harmonic distortion in the output waveform.
A single-phase half-bridge inverter consists of two transistors and a three-wire DC source. The transistors are switched on and off alternately to provide positive and negative halves of the DC voltage across the load. For an inductive load, the transistors are only switched on for a quarter cycle each. Key performance metrics for inverters include total harmonic distortion, distortion factor, and lowest order harmonic, which quantify the level of harmonic distortion in the output waveform.
A single-phase half-bridge inverter consists of two transistors and a three-wire DC source. The transistors are switched on and off alternately to provide positive and negative halves of the DC voltage across the load. For an inductive load, the transistors are only switched on for a quarter cycle each. Key performance metrics for inverters include total harmonic distortion, distortion factor, and lowest order harmonic, which quantify the level of harmonic distortion in the output waveform.
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Single-phase half-bridge inverter
Operational Details
3-wire DC source
Consists of 2 choppers, 3-wire DC source
Transistors switched on and off alternately Need to isolate the gate signal for Q1 (upper device) Each provides opposite polarity of Vs/2 across the load
Q1 on, Q2 off, vo = Vs/2
Peak Reverse Voltage of Q2 = Vs
Q1 off, Q2 on, vo = -Vs/2
Waveforms with resistive load
Look at the output voltage
rms value of the output voltage, Vo
1 2
Vs 2 V Vo dt
2 To 0 4
To 2
2 s
Fourier Series of the instantaneous output
voltage ao vo an cos(nt ) bn sin(nt ) 2 n 1 ao , an 0 0
Vs 1 Vs bn sin(nt )d (t ) sin(nt )d (t ) 2 2 0
2Vs bn n 1,3,5,... n
2Vs vo sin(nt ) n 1,3,5,.. n
rms value of the fundamental component
2Vs vo sin nt n 1,3,5,.. n 1 2Vs Vo1 2 Vo1 0.45Vs
When the load is highly inductive
Turn off Q1 at t = To/2
Current falls to 0 via D2, L, Vs/2 lower
+ Vs/2 + Vs/2 -
Turn off Q2 at t = To Current falls to 0 via D1, L, Vs/2 upper
+ Vs/2 + Vs/2 -
Load Current for a highly inductive load
Transistors are only switched on for a quarter-cycle, or 90
Fourier Series of the output current for an
RL load
vo vo 2Vs io
sin(nt n ) 2 2 Z R jn L n 1,3,5,... n R (n L)
n L n tan ( ) R 1
Fundamental Output Power
In most cases, the useful power
Po1 Vo1 I o1 cos 1 I o21 R
2Vs
2 R ( L)
Po1
DC Supply Current If the inverter is lossless, average power absorbed by the load equals the average power supplied by the dc source. T
v (t )i (t )dt v (t )i (t )dt s
For an inductive load, the current is
approximately sinusoidal and the fundamental component of the output voltage supplies the power to the load. Also, the dc supply voltage remains essentially at Vs.
DC Supply Current (continued)
T
1 0 is (t )dt Vs
2Vo1 sin(t ) 2 I o sin(t 1 )dt I s
Vo1 Is I o cos(1 ) Vs
Performance Parameters Harmonic factor of the nth harmonic (HFn)
Von HFn Vo1
for n>1
Von = rms value of the nth harmonic component
V01 = rms value of the fundamental component
Performance Parameters (continued)
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) Measures the closeness in shape between a waveform and its fundamental component
1 2 THD ( Von ) Vo1 n 2,3,...
1 2
Performance Parameters (continued)
Distortion Factor (DF) Indicates the amount of HD that remains in a particular waveform after the harmonics have been subjected to second-order attenuation.
1 DF
Vo1
Von
2 n 2,3,... n
Von DFn Vo1n 2
for n>1
1 2
Performance Parameters (continued)
Lowest order harmonic (LOH) The harmonic component whose frequency is closest to the fundamental, and its amplitude is greater than or equal to 3% of the amplitude of the fundamental component.
Single-phase full-bridge inverter
Operational Details
Consists of 4 choppers and a 3-wire DC source
Q1-Q2 and Q3-Q4 switched on and off alternately Need to isolate the gate signal for Q1 and Q3 (upper) Each pair provide opposite polarity of Vsacross the load
