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    Meter, Meter Reading Instrument (MRI)

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    Vaneet Gupta
    The document discusses electricity metering. It explains that electricity production incurs costs that must be recovered from consumers. Directly metering each consumer allows dividing the costs based on actual usage, rather than equally among all consumers. Modern electronic meters can directly or indirectly measure usage through current transformers and potential transformers, and provide more accurate readings than previous methods. The document outlines the various parameters, readings and data that can be logged and extracted from electronic meters through meter reading instruments and base computer software.

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    Meter, Meter Reading Instrument (MRI)

    Uploaded by

    Vaneet Gupta
    6K views80 pages
    The document discusses electricity metering. It explains that electricity production incurs costs that must be recovered from consumers. Directly metering each consumer allows dividing the costs based on actual usage, rather than equally among all consumers. Modern electronic meters can directly or indirectly measure usage through current transformers and potential transformers, and provide more accurate readings than previous methods. The document outlines the various parameters, readings and data that can be logged and extracted from electronic meters through meter reading instruments and base computer software.

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    AMR reading

    Original Title

    Meter, Meter Reading Instrument ( MRI)

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    The document discusses electricity metering. It explains that electricity production incurs costs that must be recovered from consumers. Directly metering each consumer allows dividing the costs based on actual usage, rather than equally among all consumers. Modern electronic meters can directly or indirectly measure usage through current transformers and potential transformers, and provide more accurate readings than previous methods. The document outlines the various parameters, readings and data that can be logged and extracted from electronic meters through meter reading instruments and base computer software.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    6K views80 pages

    Meter, Meter Reading Instrument (MRI)

    Uploaded by

    Vaneet Gupta
    The document discusses electricity metering. It explains that electricity production incurs costs that must be recovered from consumers. Directly metering each consumer allows dividing the costs based on actual usage, rather than equally among all consumers. Modern electronic meters can directly or indirectly measure usage through current transformers and potential transformers, and provide more accurate readings than previous methods. The document outlines the various parameters, readings and data that can be logged and extracted from electronic meters through meter reading instruments and base computer software.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 80

    Metering

    Why
    a)Electricity is not free, for production, cost is
    incurred in the form of
    Fuel cost
    or
    Employee cost
    Capital cost
    b)The production cost have to be born by
    consumer
    c)Producer is one and consumers are many
    d)Cost cannot be equally divided among the
    consumers

    Recovery of Cost
    1) By equally dividing among the
    consumer
    a)All consumers does not consume
    equal energy
    b)Why pay for the energy used by
    other
    2) By dividing the cost by installed
    consumption capacity of consumer
    a)Under recover for producer
    b)Consumer have to pay even for
    the
    energy not used by them

    Whats The Solution

    Install
    Meter
    each

    at

    Metering
    Direct Metering
    Indirect Metering

    Direct Metering
    Voltage and
    Current are
    directly
    applied to the
    Meter

    P
    N
    Phase
    Side

    Load Side

    Indirect Metering
    CT is provided for
    measurement of Current
    Energy
    Meter

    PT is Installed for
    measurement of Voltage
    P
    N

    CT
    Load Side

    Supply Side

    PT

    Accuracy Class of Meters


    Class 2
    Used where energy consumption is very
    low
    Class 1
    Used where energy consumption is
    medium
    Class 0.5
    Where bulk energy is consumed or
    generated
    Class 0.2
    Same as class 0.5 however where more
    accounting of energy is required

    Selection of Direct Current Meter

    Direct meters have different


    current ranges i.e. 2Amp,
    5Amp, 20 Amp or so
    Meters are selected so that
    minimum load of customer
    should be more than 20% of
    the full current

    f current rating exceeds


    ndirect Metering is done

    Indirect Metering

    Standard current for meters are


    1 or 5 amps
    Some manufacturer provide both
    options
    Generally meters have PT inputs
    of 110V for 3 ph 3wire and 63.5
    volts for 3ph 4 wire
    As per requirement of customer
    special range CT and PT can be
    produced

    Factors Effect Metering


    For example
    Accuracy Class
    Meter
    Current Transformer ( CT)
    Potential Transformer
    Location of Meter
    Size of Conductor for
    Current Transformer
    Potential Transformer

    Meter acc class : 0.5


    CT acc class
    : 0.5
    PT Acc class
    : 0.5
    Then over all accuracy of
    measurement will be
    1.5%

    CT

    Energy
    Meter

    PT

    Location of Meter at site

    If possible install meter


    near to CT and PT
    secondary.
    Use of large cross
    section of pilot wires
    Removal of all burdens
    from CT and PT
    secondary
    Separate core for
    commercial metering

    Meter, Meter Reading Instrument


    ( MRI)
    Base Computer Software (BCS) for
    Meter Data Management ( MDM) &
    Meter Data Acquisition System
    (MDAS)

    Technologies have
    evolved over a period
    of time
    .. And so have the meters

    Energy Meters
    Energy Meters Conventionally Measures
    a Single Quantity
    - KWh
    - KVArh
    - KVAh
    Energy Meters are used for Commercial
    purpose
    ( i.e to record consumption of Energy by
    consumer and correspondingly billing to
    consumer)

    The viability of Power Utility depends


    upon
    1. Accuracy & Efficiency in collecting
    meter reading and issue of Bills there
    after.
    2.Collection Efficiency.

    This was the Energy Meters in good old days way


    back to 1909

    Life cycle

    Todays Energy
    Meters are Data
    Loggers

    They Churn out a lot of


    data

    They give much more than Energy


    Reading

    Meters Yesterday
    Single

    Parameter(KWH)

    Single Reading

    Meters
    today
    Multiple
    Parameters

    Multiple Readings
    ( load survey)

    Electronic Reading

    Manual Reading
    - Error
    prone

    Manual Computation
    Error Prone

    - less Error
    prone

    Computer aided
    computations
    Less
    errors

    Advantage of Electronic
    Meters
    More Accurate than Electromechanical meters
    They are
    log time

    data loggers &


    Stamped Data

    They are read


    Electronically & human
    Errors is Eliminated
    Remote Reading is
    Possible (Direct, PSTN,
    GSM, GPRS)
    They Can detect & log
    illogical Events ( Tamper)

    Appropriate for
    Consumer End meters
    only

    Yesterday with
    Electromechanical Meters
    Manual Reading

    Today ,with modern


    Electronic Meter
    Read Electronically, not
    from Display
    Complicated Tarif
    Consumption determined
    from computer , far away
    from meter

    This only Extract Data


    from Meter.

    Software (BSC) needed


    for Data Extraction

    Metering System Software


    Meters
    has
    a
    large
    amount of data, not
    practical to read using
    display , better to read
    Electronically

    Third party
    application
    software or services
    are
    now needed

    Software supplied by
    meter manufacturers is
    not sufficient for
    deriving information
    from the data
    We will deal with Meter Reading and
    system
    software for meter reading/ Data
    extraction.

    Calibration LED
    Inductively
    Coupled PPU

    LCD Display
    Rating Plate

    Optical
    Port

    Button for
    reverse
    Scrolling
    Front Side sealing
    arrangement

    Button for
    Display
    Scrolling/scroll
    lock

    Terminal
    Block
    Extended Terminal
    Block Transparent

    Information Available in
    Modern Electronic Meters

    Display & logged


    Parameters

    Display Mode

    Auto Display

    (for quick reference)

    Push Button Display

    Scrolls
    Automatically
    Display can be accessed by

    (for
    detailed information)

    Meter Reader
    To see History Data and
    Tamper Information
    Useful to identify meters that
    requires close investigation

    Display Parameters
    Information Shown on the Display of Electronic
    Meter
    Self Diagnostics

    Basic Information

    LED Segment Check

    Meter Serial no.

    Battery & NVM Health

    Date/Time in RTC

    RTC Date & Time

    Instantaneous
    Parameters

    V, I, PF,kW, kVAr etc.


    Power On/Off hours
    Rising demand with
    elapsed time

    Billing
    Information

    Tamper Information

    Cumulative Registers

    Missing Potential

    TOU wise MDs

    Current Reverse

    6 or 12 history data

    Short/Open Circuit
    Load Imbalance
    Cum Count of Events

    Logged
    Parameters

    Logged

    Parameters

    Capacity to log parameters is a key feature of Electronic


    meters
    Logged parameters can be categorized as

    Instantaneous Parameters
    Billing Information There are electrical parameter as seen
    By the meter at the time of reading or
    Load Survey
    can read locally Using MRI
    Events or tampers
    Transactions
    Can cover Voltage, Current, PF, kW,
    kVAr, kVA etc
    They are interpreted & displayed in
    the BSC

    Logged

    Parameters

    Capacity to log Parameters is a key Feature of Electronic Meters


    Logged Parameters Can be Categorized as

    Instantaneous Parameters
    Billing Information These are based on Tariff type
    Programmed to meter
    Load survey
    Events or Tampers
    These are packets of information
    Transactions

    on billing parameters like energy,


    MD etc. for each billing cycle
    They are also interpreted & displayed
    in the BCS

    Logged

    Parameters

    Capacity to log parameters is a key feature of Electronic meters

    Logged parameters can be categorized as

    Instantaneous parameters
    Billing information
    -They are periodic interval-wise
    Load survey

    information, intervals known as SIP

    Events or tampers
    Transactions

    -SIP is typically hour for


    consumer meters & hour for
    boundary meters
    -Generally average values of kWh,
    kVArh, kVAh, frequency, PF,
    Voltages, Currents, Power Down Time
    etc.

    Logged

    Parameters

    Capacity to log parameters is a key feature of Electronic


    meters
    Logged parameters can be categorized as

    Instantaneous Parameters
    Billing Information
    Load Survey
    Are simply illogical electrical events as
    Events or
    Tampers
    Transactions

    seen by meter
    -The correct way is to refer to them
    as events and not tampers
    -No meter can be called tamper proof
    meter
    -Modern meters have 3 types of tamper
    related features
    -Tamper proof features
    -Tamper deterrent
    features

    Logged

    Parameters

    Capacity to log parameters is a key feature of Electronic


    meters
    Logged parameters can be categorized as

    Instantaneous
    Parameters
    Billing Information
    Load Survey
    Events or Tampers

    They are interchange


    Transactions
    between meter & MRI

    of

    information

    They include change of tariff programme in


    meter, definition of
    kVArh & kVAh,
    resetting MD,changing date/time etc.

    Meter Reading Instrument (MRI)

    What Is MRI ?
    Hand Held Unit (HHU) for Meter
    Reading.
    Small, compact DOS or Windows
    Computer
    Capable to Communicate with :
    Static Energy Meters /Computer

    Uses of MRI
    - Data Collection from Meter
    -Can read different make meters with
    Common MRI (CMRI)
    - Instantaneous Parameters checked by

    Features Of MRI
    Battery Operated Instrument.
    Comprises of :
    -A Keypad.
    -LCD Display.
    - Communication Ports.
    - Charger Connector.
    Pre loaded Software.

    CMRI Analogic
    - 4,6 MB for data storage
    LCD Screen

    -2 MB for program storage


    - 16 line display ( 16 *24 )

    Power/Resume
    switch & status
    LED

    45 key
    Membrane
    keypad

    - 100% PC Compatibility in
    a Rugged Hand Held
    - Runs MS-DOS and
    Virtually any PC Program
    -PC communications
    Software at up to 115K
    bps
    -Optional second RJ-11
    Port through built-in

    Common Optical cord

    Menu Visible on MRI Screen

    1 SEMS
    CHK
    3 L&T
    5 DUKE

    2 SEMS4 PHASOR

    a) Press 1 to read Secure


    Meters
    b) Press 3 to read L&T Meters
    c) Press 4 to read phasor of meter
    d) Press 5 to read Duke meter

    Pressing Option-1
    for Secure Meter
    0.
    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.
    7.
    8.

    Quit
    Read Meter Data
    Dump Data
    Read Energy
    Calibration
    Terminal
    Space
    Identification No
    Load survey Days

    For L&T Meter


    press 3

    (D) COLLECT DATA


    (C) CURRENT BILLING
    (B) PREVIOUS BILLING
    (T) TAMPER DATA
    (i) INSTANTANEOUS DATA
    (S) COLLECT SETTING
    (L) LOAD SURVEY
    (M) MD RESET
    (a)TAMPER RESET
    (P) PROGRAMMING MODE
    (U) PC COMMUNICATION
    (H) HHT DOWNLOAD
    (R) ACCURACY TEST
    (O) MEMORY STATUS
    (X) EXIT

    Electronic Meter Reading Methods


    -Direct Reading through MRI.
    -Reading by Low Power Radio.
    -Reading by GSM/GPRS/PSTN.

    Meter Data Downloading


    After Reading the Meter its Data can be downloaded
    in respective BCS ( Base Computer Software).
    This data contains all the data like Instantaneous,
    Billing, Load Survey, Event & Transaction data.
    File name extension of data is .mrd in case of
    Secure meters and .VIN in case of L&T meters

    Base Computer Software (BCS)

    Meter make
    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.

    Secure
    L&T
    PRI UK
    ABB/Elster

    BCS
    Smart2k
    Vincom
    Integrator
    Raster

    Working with Secure smart 2000


    BCS

    Main Screen

    INSTANTANEOUS VALUES

    PHASOR DIAGRAM

    Depicting Phase Reversal

    Date and time of Reading


    Meter Serial Number
    Downloaded
    CT , PT, Meter Specifications

    TOD Power Factor


    History

    Maximum Demand History

    LOAD SURVEY GRAPH

    load
    Imbalance

    Working with
    BCS

    L&T

    Meter specifications

    Date and time of meter


    collection

    Phasor of meter downloads

    Previous consumption

    Max Demand recorded 206.5 Kw


    On 1/8/2011 at 00:00 Hrs

    What is DLMS/COSEM
    DLMS - What is it?

    Automatic Meter Reading, or


    more general - Demand
    Side Management - needs
    universal definitions, needs
    communication standards.
    DLMS/COSEM is the common
    language so that the
    partners can understand
    each other

    What is DLMS?
    DLMS stands for Distribution Line Message Specification. It is an
    application layer specification, independent of the lower layers
    and thus of the communication channel, designed to support
    messaging to and from (energy) distribution devices in a
    computer-integrated environment. It is an international standards
    established by IEC TC 57 and published as IEC 61334-4-41.
    The concept was driven forward later to become Device
    Language Message Specification with the objective to provide an
    interoperable environment for structured modelling and meter
    data exchange. Applications like remote meter reading, remote
    control and value added services for metering any kind of energy,
    like electricity, water, gas or heat are supported.

    DLMS:
    Device Language Message specification - a
    generalized concept for abstract modeling of
    communication entities
    COSEM:
    COmpanion Specification for Energy
    Metering - sets the rules, based on
    existing
    standards, for data exchange with energy
    meters

    The IEC TC13 WG 14 groups the DLMS specifications under


    the common heading: "Electricity metering - Data exchange
    for meter reading, tariff and load control". DLMS protocol
    suite is not specific to electricity metering.
    IEC 62056-21: Direct local data exchange (3d edition of IEC
    61107) describes how to use COSEM over a local port
    (optical or current loop)
    IEC 62056-42: Physical layer services and procedures for
    connection-oriented asynchronous data exchange
    IEC 62056-46: Data link layer using HDLC protocol
    IEC 62056-47: COSEM transport layers for IPv4 networks
    IEC 62056-53: COSEM Application layer
    IEC 62056-61: Object identification system (OBIS)
    IEC 62056-62: Interface classes

    Neutral Missing

    Neutral Missing with connection


    from Load to Source side

    Depicting R phase missing and shifting


    of all the three phases towards neutral

    Thanks

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