Quantitative Research

research problem
1.
2.
3.
4.
Group 3 :
Sherly Briliyantika (1410302)
Sutan rustiawan (1410302005)
Arizka Nurul Hidayah (1410302113)
Dhila muhammad ali (1410302067)
Research
Problem ????
Definition
A research problem is a statement about an area of
concern, a condition to be improved upon, a difficulty

to be eliminated, or a troubling question that exists
in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that
points to the need for meaningful understanding and
deliberate investigation. A research problem does not
state how to do something, offer a vague or broad
proposition, or present a value question.
Research problem is the core of research. Research
problem should be selected from topics or areas that
interest the writer.
The Nature of Problems
1. Experimental Research
Experimental
research
addresses
question
concerning relationship among variables over which
the research can have control. In experimental
research
the
investigator
manipulates
the
independent variable (the cause) while controlling
all other variables and observes any subsequent
change in the dependent variable (the effect).
2. Causal-Comparative Research
Seeks to determine the relationships among two or
more variables, but in this type of research
manipulation of the independent variable is not
possible.
3. Descriptive Research
Description research asks questions about
the nature, incidence, or distribution of
educational
variables
and/or
the
relationships among these variables. No
manipulation of variables is attempted only
description of variables and their relationship
as they occur naturally.
Source Problem
1. Experience
The most important sources for beginning researchers are

their own experiences as educational practitioners.
Most of the research ideas developed by beginning
educational researchers tend to come from their personal
experiences.
2. Deductions from theory
The deductions that can be made from various educational an
behavioral with which the researcher is familiar provide an

excellent source problems. Theories involve general principles
whose applicability to specific educational problems is only
hypothetical until they are empirically confirmed.
In deductions from theory, there

are :
a. Learning theories
b. Personality theories
c. Sociological theories
d. Theories of social development,
etc
3. Related Literature
Another valuable source of
problems is the literature in
ones own area of interest.
There are several ways in which the review of

previous research can help in the formulation of new
research problems :
a. Review of previous research helps us formulate research
questions that are the next logical step from previous
investigations.
b. Review of previous research may stimulate a researcher
to see whether the procedure employed can be adapted
to solving other problems, or weather a similar study
could be conducted in a different field, or subject area or
with different groups of subject.
c. Reviewing previous research may suggest the desirability
of replication to confirm previous findings.
d. Reviewing research studies previously undertaken may
raise the question of the applicability of their findings to
other cultures.
e. Reviewing previous research may result in detecting
inconsistencies and contradictions or in dissatisfaction
with the conceptualization.
4. Non-education Sources
Our experiences and observations in the
world at large, as well as our professional

activities, can be fruitful sources of
research problem.
Theories or procedures encountered in
other fields might be adapted to apply to
education.
The inspiration for much valuable research
in education has come from such noneducation sources.
Evaluating the Problem

After a problem has been
tentatively selected, it must be
evaluated. The researcher must
be confident that the problem
are is of sufficient importance to
warrant investigation, although
this is not always essay to
determine, judging the worth of
There are certain criteria that should be used in this
process of evaluating the significance of a problem :

1. ideally, the problem should be one whose solution will make a
contribution to the body of organized knowledge in education. The
researcher should show that the study is likely to fill in gaps in present
knowledge or help resolve some of the inconsistencies in previous
research. Study may make contributions to both theory and practice.
2. the problem should be one that will lead to new problems and so
to further research. A good study, while arriving a an answer to one
question, usually generates a number of other questions that need
investigation.
3. the problem must be one that is researchable.
To be researchable, a problem must be one that can be attacked
empirically. The researcher must also give some attention to the definition
and measurement of the variables involved in the question.
4. The problem must be suitable for the particular researcher.
The problem may be excellent from the point of view of the criteria
mentioned but in appropriate for the individual.
Some of the personal aspect
to be considered, here are :

A. the problem should be one in which you, the
researcher, have a genuine interest and about
which you can be enthusiastic.
B. the problem should be in an area in which you
have both knowledge and some experience.
C. the problem must be one that is feasible in the
situation in which you find yourself.
D. The problem must be one that can be
investigated and completed in the allotted time.
Stating the Problem

After the problem has been selected and its
significance decide, there is still the task of

formulating or stating the problem in form
amenable to investigation.
A good statement of the problem must :
1. clarify exactly what is to be determined
or solved.
2. restrict the scope of the study to a
specific question.
The work indicated with some clarity and focus, the
researcher can proceed to design an experimental study.

The researcher can now begin to gather some objective
evidence concerning a particular curriculum in a particular
situation that will shed light on the more general original
question.
In stating the problem the researcher must strive for a
balance between generality and specificity.
On the other hand, the problem must not be so narrow that
it becomes trivial and meaningless. One wants a problem
that is board enough to be significant according to the
criteria discussed, yet specific enough to be feasible in
ones particular situation.
While research problems focus on the relationship among
two or more variables, this does not mean that the exact
words
what
is
the
relationship
between
..and..?
You should state the problem in such a way
that research into the question is possible.

Avoid philosophical issues, as well as value
or judgmental questions that cannot be
answered by scientific investigation.
Once a potential question is formulated, it
should be assessed for its clarity and
feasibility. The development of a workable
problem is an evolutionary process
involving many attempts to sharpen
concepts, define operations, and consider
ways of collecting data.
Selecting a problem
Selecting a research problem is one of the most
difficult step for a students in the research

process. It is unfortunately one for which the
least guidance can be given. Problem selection is
not subject to the same degree of technical rules
or requirements as are research design,
measurement or statistics; fortunately, however,
some guidelines can be offers.
In selecting problem there are :
1. characteristics of a problem
2. narrowing the range of problems
1. Characteristics of a Problem
A problem statement must have the
following characteristics which we will

examine in detail :
a. it should ask about a relationship between
two or more variable
b. It should be stated clearly and
unambiguously, usually in question form.
c. It should be testable by empirical
methods; that is, it should be possible to
collect data to answer the question (s)
asked.
d. It should not represent a moral or ethical
Narrowing the Range of

Problems
a. Scheme for classifying and
selecting a problem
since an infinite number of
problems exists out there, it is
wise for researchers to narrow the
range of problems in terms of their
interests and skills.
b. Specific Considerations in Choosing
a Problem
THANK YOU

Quantitative Research

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research problem

concern, a condition to be improved upon, a difficulty

The Nature of Problems

The most important sources for beginning researchers are

behavioral with which the researcher is familiar provide an

In deductions from theory, there

There are several ways in which the review of

world at large, as well as our professional

Evaluating the Problem

There are certain criteria that should be used in this

process of evaluating the significance of a problem :

Some of the personal aspect

to be considered, here are :

Stating the Problem

significance decide, there is still the task of

The work indicated with some clarity and focus, the

researcher can proceed to design an experimental study.

You should state the problem in such a way

that research into the question is possible.

difficult step for a students in the research

following characteristics which we will

Narrowing the Range of

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