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    Asian Seabass

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    lennahfe19
    Asian sea bass is a species of fish widely cultured in Southeast Asia. It has an elongated body with a pointed head and large mouth. Sea bass undergoes a life cycle of hatchery, nursery, and grow-out phases. In hatcheries, sea bass eggs are incubated and larvae are reared. In nurseries, juveniles are grown to fingerling size. In grow-out ponds or cages, fingerlings are raised to market size over 4-7 months. Sea bass culture is profitable, with an expected 181% internal rate of return on a $2,400,000 investment over 5 years. Sea bass is a popular food fish that sells for $250-400 per kilogram.

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    Asian Seabass

    Uploaded by

    lennahfe19
    302 views42 pages
    Asian sea bass is a species of fish widely cultured in Southeast Asia. It has an elongated body with a pointed head and large mouth. Sea bass undergoes a life cycle of hatchery, nursery, and grow-out phases. In hatcheries, sea bass eggs are incubated and larvae are reared. In nurseries, juveniles are grown to fingerling size. In grow-out ponds or cages, fingerlings are raised to market size over 4-7 months. Sea bass culture is profitable, with an expected 181% internal rate of return on a $2,400,000 investment over 5 years. Sea bass is a popular food fish that sells for $250-400 per kilogram.

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    Asian Seabass

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    Asian sea bass is a species of fish widely cultured in Southeast Asia. It has an elongated body with a pointed head and large mouth. Sea bass undergoes a life cycle of hatchery, nursery, and grow-out phases. In hatcheries, sea bass eggs are incubated and larvae are reared. In nurseries, juveniles are grown to fingerling size. In grow-out ponds or cages, fingerlings are raised to market size over 4-7 months. Sea bass culture is profitable, with an expected 181% internal rate of return on a $2,400,000 investment over 5 years. Sea bass is a popular food fish that sells for $250-400 per kilogram.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    302 views42 pages

    Asian Seabass

    Uploaded by

    lennahfe19
    Asian sea bass is a species of fish widely cultured in Southeast Asia. It has an elongated body with a pointed head and large mouth. Sea bass undergoes a life cycle of hatchery, nursery, and grow-out phases. In hatcheries, sea bass eggs are incubated and larvae are reared. In nurseries, juveniles are grown to fingerling size. In grow-out ponds or cages, fingerlings are raised to market size over 4-7 months. Sea bass culture is profitable, with an expected 181% internal rate of return on a $2,400,000 investment over 5 years. Sea bass is a popular food fish that sells for $250-400 per kilogram.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 42
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    The passage discusses the biology, habitat, reproduction and culture of Asian seabass.

    Common local names of Asian seabass include Kakap, Apahap, Bulgan, Salongsong and Katuyot Matang pusa.

    Asian seabass has an elongated and compressed body with a pointed head and large mouth. Its color changes from olive brown/golden brown for juveniles to blue green/greyish for adults.

    ASIAN

    SEA BASS

    Lates
    calcarifer

    COMMON LOCAL NAMES:


    Kakap
    Apahap
    Bulgan
    Salongsong
    Katuyot
    Matang pusa

    General Biology
    and Natural
    Distribution

    elongated and compressed body with a


    pointed head
    its mouth is large and slightly oblique, with
    its upper jaw reaching behind the eye. Its
    teeth arevilli form with no canine teeth
    present.
    Its colour has two phases. For juveniles, it
    is usually either olive brown above with
    silver sides at the belly in marine
    environment or golden brown in freshwater
    environment. For adults, it is blue green or
    greyish above and silver below.

    Its dorsal fin has 7 to 9 spines and 10


    to 11 soft rays with a very deep
    notch almost dividing the spiny part
    from the soft part of fin. Its pectoral
    fin is short and rounded with several
    short, strong serrations above its
    base. The dorsal and anal fins both
    have scaly sheath. The anal fin is
    round, with three spines and 78 soft
    rays. Its caudal fin is also rounded.

    Male and Female Sea Bass

    Asian sea bass is widely distributed


    in tropical and sub-tropical areas of
    the Western Pacific and Indian
    Ocean, between longitude 50E 160W and latitude 24N 25S. It
    occurs throughout the northern part
    of Asia, southward to Queensland in
    Australia, and westward to East
    Africa (FAO 1974).

    Geographic distribution of Lates


    calcarifer (After FAO 1974)

    Habitat, Diet,
    and
    Environmental

    fish spawns according to the lunar


    cycle (usually at the onset of the new
    moon or the full moon) during late
    evening (18002000 hours) usually in
    synchrony with the incoming tide
    regarded as a voracious carnivore,
    juveniles are omnivores
    parameters normally considered as
    suitable water supply: pH of 7.5-8.5;
    Dissolved oxygen of 4-9ppm; Salinity
    10-30ppt; Temperature of 26-32C;
    NH3 less than 1 ppm; Turbidity less
    than 10 ppm; and H2S less than 0.3

    advantageous if the selected site will


    be mapped topographically to reduce
    development and operational costs
    such as for water pumping. The soil
    at the proposed site should have
    enough clay content to ensure that
    the pond can hold water. Area with
    acid sulphate soil should be avoided

    Reproduction,
    seed production,
    and life cycle

    Asian seabass is a protandrous


    hermaphrodite
    - from being male at their early
    stage they become female upon
    reaching maturity
    Maturation process
    - simulation of the environmental
    conditions
    - injection of hormones responsible
    for maturation and spawning

    Selection of breeders
    - male fish paired with a female fish
    - rubs its dorsal surface against the
    area of the female's genital papilla
    - gradual swelling of the abdomen
    will be seen
    Spawning
    - release of sexual gametes
    - occurs 3438 hours after injection
    - over 1-3 million eggs per spawn

    Fertilization
    - happens externally
    - fertilized eggs float on the surface
    - about 74-80mm in diameter
    - fertilization is about 70-90 %
    - collected fertilized eggs are
    transferred in incubation tanks
    Hatching
    - fertilized eggs hatch in seawater of
    27C after 17 to 18 hours
    - hatching success is about 80%
    - transferred carefully to rearing
    tanks

    Nursery
    - larvaes become juveniles after 3
    weeks
    - located at rivers or coastal areas
    - participate in spawning after 3 or 4
    years (broodstocks)

    Production cycle of Asian seabass

    peak season for spawning is during


    full moon or new moon days
    in the Philippines, the peak season of
    seabass spawning is from late June to
    late October
    Asian seabass is an euryhaline
    creature
    - canlive in both fresh and salt
    water
    - seabass eggs and larvae will only
    survive in brackish or salt water

    Life cycle of Asian

    Aquaculture
    Status and
    Potential

    Region 6 wherein sea bass fingerlings


    were widely sold and cultured has a
    total production fluctuating between
    20000 to 26000 tons from 1995 to
    2003.
    Negros Occidental, Batangas, and
    Bulacan started a pond culture
    having a rate of 1500-2500/ha, and
    sea bass: tilapia ratio ranges from
    1:0 to 1:15. Puerto Princesa, Laguna
    Lake in Laguna, and Paoan Lake in
    Ilocos Norte also started culturing
    sea bass by cage culture; the latter

    Zarraga, Ilo-ilo, sea bass pond


    cultured is successful.
    The primary buyers of sea bass are
    hotels and restaurants
    Asian sea bass tastes like groupers
    which is one of delectable fish in the
    cuisine.
    Culturing Asian sea bass is indeed
    has a high potential in Philippines
    setting

    Rene B. Bocaya, the national sales


    manager of Finfish Hatcheries
    Incorporated (FHI) foresaw that sea
    bass will be the next big thing in the
    aquaculture industry. It is just a
    matter of showing to the investors
    the profitability of culturing it.
    Culture of sea bass attracting
    aquaculture industry lacks
    established techniques in pond growout. Fish farmers usually apply
    methods available or self-developed
    practices

    Asian Sea Bass


    Culture System
    and Practices

    Hatchery
    The tanks need to be 3-25 tons in
    capacity depending on the number of
    the newly-hatched eggs, in which 30
    larvae per liter should be stocked.
    In this stage, the larvae can be fed with
    either natural food like rotifers, which
    are microscopic aquatic animals, or
    formulated food.
    The larvae can be kept in the hatchery
    until metamorphosis or the larvae are
    15-21 years old (1.0-1.5 cm). Fifty to
    seventy percent of the larvae can
    survive in the hatchery.

    Seabass hatchery tank

    Lay-out of seabass
    hatchery

    Nursery
    The nursery can be earthen ponds, landbased tanks, or net cages (hapa) set in
    ponds.
    Before stocking of the sea bass fry, the
    ponds should be prepared and fertilized
    for about 10-20 days.
    First Phase
    Natural food like zooplankton, mysids,
    and mosquito larvae or formulated diet
    can be given to the fry. Lights are
    recommended to draw out zooplanktons
    and encourage the fish to feed during
    night-time. Grading must be done every

    The fish in the nursery can already be


    harvested or transferred, depending on
    the purpose, if the total length is 2.5cm.

    Second Phase
    the juveniles should be fed six times a
    day, trash fish and formulated diet can
    be used as food
    Juveniles are graded and tanks are
    cleaned every 5-7 days. The fish can be
    harvested when the length is already 710 cm and the weight is 20-50 g.

    Grading vessel for grading of


    seabass fry

    Grow-out
    the fish can be fed two to three times a
    day, the fish food can be trash fish or
    by-catch at 5-10% biomass or
    formulated diet at 3-5% biomass.
    The sea bass will grow for 4-7 months
    and can have marketable size of 300600 g.
    pond culture, it is recommended to
    stock 5,000 pcs/ ha and the water
    change at 40-60% daily
    cage culture, the recommended size is
    5x5x3 m with a stock of 15-20 pcs/m3.

    FLOW CHART
    OF SEA BASS
    CULTURE

    Economics of
    Production

    According to SEAFDEC (2008), for a


    P2,400,00 investment the expected
    returns are as shown in Table 1 at the
    Appendix.
    a) Expected gross revenues
    P6,300,000
    b) Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 181%
    - 5-year discounted cash flow
    analysis at 10% discount rate
    c) Return on Investment 214%
    d) Net Present Value (NPV)
    P15,600,000

    Item

    Quantit Unit

    y
    Revenue (per run)
    Larvae (Million)
    3
    Fry (pcs) (15 days 400,000

    Price

    12,000
    0.3

    Value

    36,000
    120,000

    old)
    Fingerlings (pc) 150,000 6

    900,000

    (1-inch)
    Revenue (annual -6

    runs)
    Larvae (M)
    Fry (pcs)
    Fingerlings (pc)

    216,000
    720,000
    5,400,00

    0
    6,336,00

    1,500
    70

    31,500
    79,380
    150,000

    Total

    Annual

    Revenue
    Less:
    Variable costs:
    Broodstock
    Feeds (Hatchery)
    Fertilizers/feeds
    (Nursery)

    21
    1,134

    Supplies

    and

    81,500

    materials
    Fuel and oil
    Total variable cost
    Fixed Cost

    Manpower

    120,000
    462,380

    salaries
    Aquaculturists
    Hatchery
    Nursery

    Security,

    5
    1

    11,535
    11,535

    173,025
    34,605
    51,480

    40,000

    195,550
    240,206
    734,866
    1,197,24

    6
    5,138,75

    Utility, Driver

    Repair

    and

    maintenance
    Depreciation
    Cost of capital
    Total fixed cost
    Total annual cost
    Income before tax

    live sea bass ranges from P250-P400


    per kilogram, which depends on the
    size (300-500g) while the frozen or
    fresh sea bass ranges from P150P200 per kilogram
    in just six months P125,000can be
    the generated income from sea bass
    culture

    SOURCES:
    A. R. Thirunavukkarasu, M. Kailasam, and J. K. Sundaray. (1998). Success in
    hatchery development of seabass and its potential for commercial cage
    culture in India. Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture. Retrieved
    June 6, 2011 from http://www.aquaculturefish.com
    P. Kungvankij, L.B. Tiro, Jr., B.J. Pudadera, Jr., and I.O. Potesta. (1985). Biology
    and culture of sea bass (Latescalcarifer) Training Manual.Food and
    Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved June 6, 2011 from
    http://www.fao.org/ docrep/field/003/AC230E/AC230E00.htm
    P. Dhert, P. Lavens, and P. Sorgeloos. (1992). State of the art of Asian
    seabasslarviculture.Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. Retrieved June
    6, 2011 from http://www.jwas.org

    S. Khaimesh and P. Girija. (1986). Culture technology forLates
    calcarifer.Central Institute of Fisheries Education in India. Retrieved June 6,
    2011 from http://[email protected]
    SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department.Southeast Asian Fisheries Development
    Center. Retrieved June 28, 2010 from http://www.seafdec.org.ph
    SEAFDEC. (2007). Sea bass culture.Tigbauan, Iloilo: SEAFDEC Aquaculture
    Department.Retrieved, June 16, 2011 from
    http://www.seafdec.org.ph/publications _downloadable.html.
    SEAFDEC. (2008). Sea bass: From research to field verification to technology
    adoptation. Tigbauan, Iloilo: SEAFDEC Aquaculture. Retrieved, June 16, 2011
    fromhttp://www.seafdec.org.ph/pdf/commodities/seabass_hatchery.html
    Yap, Wilfredo et.al (2007). Aquaculture in Asia-Pacific and the Outlook for

    THANK YOU
    AND
    GOD BLESS!

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