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    What Are Organic Compounds?

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    happymabee
    Organic compounds contain carbon and are found everywhere on Earth. They form the basis of the carbon cycle and include molecules essential to life, like proteins and carbohydrates. Carbon atoms can form four bonds and react strongly with oxygen. Organic compounds are named using IUPAC nomenclature, which identifies the number of carbon atoms in the main chain and any functional groups like alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes through prefixes and suffixes.

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    What Are Organic Compounds?

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    happymabee
    41 views20 pages
    Organic compounds contain carbon and are found everywhere on Earth. They form the basis of the carbon cycle and include molecules essential to life, like proteins and carbohydrates. Carbon atoms can form four bonds and react strongly with oxygen. Organic compounds are named using IUPAC nomenclature, which identifies the number of carbon atoms in the main chain and any functional groups like alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes through prefixes and suffixes.

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    Grade 9 Chemistry

    Original Title

    Organic Compounds

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    Organic compounds contain carbon and are found everywhere on Earth. They form the basis of the carbon cycle and include molecules essential to life, like proteins and carbohydrates. Carbon atoms can form four bonds and react strongly with oxygen. Organic compounds are named using IUPAC nomenclature, which identifies the number of carbon atoms in the main chain and any functional groups like alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes through prefixes and suffixes.

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    41 views20 pages

    What Are Organic Compounds?

    Uploaded by

    happymabee
    Organic compounds contain carbon and are found everywhere on Earth. They form the basis of the carbon cycle and include molecules essential to life, like proteins and carbohydrates. Carbon atoms can form four bonds and react strongly with oxygen. Organic compounds are named using IUPAC nomenclature, which identifies the number of carbon atoms in the main chain and any functional groups like alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes through prefixes and suffixes.

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    What are

    organic
    compounds?

    Organic
    Compound
    any molecule that
    includescarbon
    Found everywhere
    basis of Earth's carbon cycle
    Low boiling points and melting
    points
    Chemical bonding is mostly
    covalent

    Carbon Atom

    THE CARBON
    ATOM
    can form four bonds
    react strongly with
    oxygen, burning rapidly
    and at high temperature
    molecules of life:
    proteins,carbohydrates,lipi
    ds, andnucleic acids.

    consisting entirely of
    hydrogen and carbon

    contains only carbon-carbon single bonds


    (alkanes, also called Aliphatic hydrocarbons)
    each carbon in the hydrocarbon has the
    maximum number of hydrogen atoms bonded
    to it.

    contains one or more carbon-carbon double


    bonds, triple bonds, or benzene rings

    NOMENCLATURE OF
    ORGANIC

    ALKANE

    saturated hydrocarbons
    (they have only carboncarbon single bonds).
    The molecular formula of
    this group is CnH2n+2 (n is
    the number of carbon
    atoms)

    International Union of
    Pure and Applied
    Chemistry
    (IUPAC)
    1)A prefix that shows the
    number of carbon atoms
    (meth-, eth-, prop-, but-,
    pent-, hex-, hept-, oct-,
    non- and dec-).
    2)The suffix -ane

    The first 10 members of the unbranched (acyclic)


    alkane series are :

    CH4

    Methane

    C6H14 Hexane

    C2H6

    Ethane

    C7H16 Heptane

    C3H8

    Propane

    C8H18 Octane

    C4H10

    Butane

    C9H20 Nonane

    C5H12

    Pentane

    C10H22 Decane

    12
    New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A

    13
    New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A

    ALKENE

    an unsaturated hydrocarbon that


    contains one or more carboncarbon double bonds.
    molecular formula of this group is
    CnH2n (n is the number of carbon
    atoms).
    have less hydrogen atoms than
    alkanes

    ALKYNE

    contains one or more carboncarbon triple bonds.


    The molecular formula of this
    group is CnH2n-2 (n is the
    number of carbon atoms).
    Alkynes have less hydrogen
    atoms than alkanes and alkenes

    PREFIX

    STEM SUFFIX

    Stem is the number of carbon


    atoms in the backbone or
    parent chain.
    Parent chain is the longest
    chain of carbon atoms

    NOMENCLATURE

    1. Choose the parent chain. This


    consists of the stem of the
    name of the organic compound.
    2. Add the following suffixes to
    the stem of the name:

    - ane for alkanes


    -ene for alkenes
    -yne for alkynes

    PROCEDURE

    Meth-

    Eth-

    PropButPentHexHeptOctNonDec-

    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10

    3. Number the carbon atoms


    in the parent chain,
    beginning with the end of
    the chain that is nearest to
    a side chain, double or triple
    bond.

    PROCEDURE

    4. Name and give the location


    of the side chain.
    2 or more side chains: Use
    prefixes and numbers

    PROCEDURE

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