Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 242 views

    KS3 Physics: 8L Sound and Hearing

    Uploaded by

    kamalharmoza
    The document discusses sound and hearing. It covers topics like what causes sound, how sound travels, the speed of sound, properties of sound waves, how the ear works, the range of human hearing, and effects of noise. Activities and experiments are included to help understand these concepts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    KS3 Physics: 8L Sound and Hearing

    Uploaded by

    kamalharmoza
    242 views36 pages
    The document discusses sound and hearing. It covers topics like what causes sound, how sound travels, the speed of sound, properties of sound waves, how the ear works, the range of human hearing, and effects of noise. Activities and experiments are included to help understand these concepts.

    Original Description:

    science checkpoint

    Original Title

    6-Sound and Hearing F1

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses sound and hearing. It covers topics like what causes sound, how sound travels, the speed of sound, properties of sound waves, how the ear works, the range of human hearing, and effects of noise. Activities and experiments are included to help understand these concepts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    242 views36 pages

    KS3 Physics: 8L Sound and Hearing

    Uploaded by

    kamalharmoza
    The document discusses sound and hearing. It covers topics like what causes sound, how sound travels, the speed of sound, properties of sound waves, how the ear works, the range of human hearing, and effects of noise. Activities and experiments are included to help understand these concepts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 36

    KS3 Physics

    8L Sound and
    Hearing
    1 of 20
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Contents

    8L Sound and Hearing


    What is sound?
    Speed of sound
    Reflecting sound
    The ear and hearing
    Summary activities
    1 of 20
    2
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    What causes sound?


    Take a tuning fork and strike it
    against a block of wood.
    What do you observe?
    The tuning fork vibrates
    and you hear a sound.

    Sounds are made when


    an object vibrates.

    1 of 20
    3
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Good vibrations!
    What vibrates so that the following make sounds?
    violin
    strings

    drum
    skin

    voice box
    loudspeaker
    cone
    1 of 20
    4
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    The bell-jar experiment


    Place a ringing clock inside the bell jar and what happens?
    There is air inside the bell jar
    so the sound can travel and be heard.

    vacuum
    pump on

    Remove the air from the bell jar


    and what happens to the sound?
    The sound cannot be heard
    because there is no air inside
    the bell jar (a vacuum).

    1 of 20
    5
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Studying sound waves


    Sound waves can be studied with this type of equipment.
    loudspeaker
    oscilloscope
    signal generator

    A loudspeaker
    converts
    signals from
    the signal
    generator into
    sound waves.
    1 of 20
    6
    36

    A signal generator
    produces different
    types of signals.

    An oscilloscope
    shows wave
    patterns and allows
    us to see sound.

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Loudness and amplitude


    A sound can be quiet or loud.

    quiet sound

    loud sound

    On an oscilloscope trace, the loudness of a sound is shown


    by the height of the wave. This is called the amplitude.
    Which word should be crossed out in this sentence?
    The larger the amplitude of the wave on the trace,
    the louder/quieter the sound.
    1 of 20
    7
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Which is the loudest?


    Which trace represents the loudest sound?

    Sound A is the loudest.


    Sound A has the largest amplitude (i.e. the tallest waves),
    so it is the loudest of these two sounds.
    1 of 20
    8
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Pitch and frequency


    A sound can be high or low this is the pitch of the sound.

    low pitch sound

    high pitch sound

    On an oscilloscope trace, the pitch of a sound is shown by


    how many waves there are. This is called the frequency.
    Which word should be crossed out in this sentence?
    The greater the number of waves across the oscilloscope
    trace, the lower/higher the frequency and pitch.
    1 of 20
    9
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Which is the highest?


    Which trace represents the sound with the highest pitch?

    Sound B is the highest


    pitched.
    Sound B has the most number of waves across the
    oscilloscope it has the highest frequency and so
    has the highest pitch.
    1 ofof20
    10
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Wave animation

    1 ofof20
    11
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Contents

    8L Sound and Hearing


    What is sound?
    Speed of sound
    Reflecting sound
    The ear and hearing
    Summary activities
    1 ofof20
    12
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Speed of sound experiment


    This investigation to calculate the speed of sound should
    be carried out in a quiet open space.

    START

    STOP
    0 0 :0 0 30 04

    100 m
    1. When you see the cymbals crash, press START.
    2. When you hear the cymbals crash, press STOP.

    1 ofof20
    13
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Speed of sound experiment results table


    Record the results of the sound experiment.
    Experiment distance
    (m)

    100

    time
    (s)

    0.34

    speed
    (m/s)

    294

    2
    3
    4
    How are these values used to estimate the speed of sound?

    distance
    100
    =
    = 294 m/s
    speed =
    time
    0.34

    1 ofof20
    14
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Speed of sound experiment results


    The speed of sound in air is about

    340 m/s
    Use the results of the cymbals experiment
    to calculate the average speed of sound.
    How does this calculation for the average speed of sound
    compare with the real speed?
    What errors could have affected the results of the cymbals
    experiment?
    Do you think the speed of sound in water is the same
    as the speed of in air?
    1 ofof20
    15
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Sound in different states of matter


    Sound needs a substance to travel through and travels by
    particles vibrating.
    Which state of matter does sound travel fastest through?

    solid

    liquid

    gas

    Sound waves travel fastest through solids.


    The particles in a solid are closer together than in a gas or
    a liquid. This means vibrations are more easily passed
    from particle to particle and so sound travels faster.
    1 ofof20
    16
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Speed of sound in different materials

    speed of sound (m/s)

    Sound need particles to travel and the type of substance


    affects the speed of sound.

    1 ofof20
    17
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Breaking the sound barrier!


    Which of these travel faster than the speed of sound in air?

    distance
    (m)

    time
    (s)

    speed
    (m/s)

    small
    aeroplane

    600

    120

    jet fighter

    900

    450

    cheetah

    50

    2.5

    20

    meteorite

    10 000

    0.35

    28,571

    The jet fighter and the meteorite travel faster than the speed
    of sound in air this is called breaking the sound barrier.
    1 ofof20
    18
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Sound or light which is faster?


    During a thunderstorm,
    thunder and lightning are
    created at the same time.
    Which do you notice first?
    Usually, you see lightning
    before you hear thunder.
    Light travels much faster
    than sound.
    The speed of light is

    300,000,000 m/s

    How much faster is light than sound?


    How could you use thunder and the speed of sound to
    estimate how far away a thunderstorm is?
    1 ofof20
    19
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Contents

    8L Sound and Hearing


    What is sound?
    Speed of sound
    Reflecting sound
    The ear and hearing
    Summary activities
    1 ofof20
    20
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Reflected sound
    What happens when a sound wave meets a hard flat
    surface?

    The sound wave is reflected back from the surface.


    This is called an echo.
    1 ofof20
    21
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Echo experiment
    Stand at least 100 m from a large, flat wall with a stop watch.

    START

    150 m

    STOP
    1. Use a starting pistol (or clapper board) to make a sound.
    2. Measure the time taken between firing the pistol and
    hearing the echo.
    1 ofof20
    22
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Echo experiment
    The sound of the starting pistol takes 0.92 s
    to travel a distance of 300 m.
    How can you use this result to estimate the speed of sound?

    distance
    speed =
    time
    =

    300
    0.92

    = 326 m/s
    Repeat the experiment several times to obtain an average.
    How does your calculation for the average speed of sound
    compare with the real value?
    1 ofof20
    23
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Questions on reflecting sound


    1. What is a reflected sound called?
    an echo
    2. Are hard or soft surfaces best at reflecting sound?
    hard surfaces
    3. Why are there soft materials on the walls of cinemas
    and theatres?

    to reduce echoes
    4. Name two animals that use echoes for navigation or
    communication.

    bats and dolphins


    1 ofof20
    24
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Contents

    8L Sound and Hearing


    What is sound?
    Speed of sound
    Reflecting sound
    The ear and hearing
    Summary activities
    1 ofof20
    25
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    The ear and sound waves

    1 ofof20
    26
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    How does the ear hear?


    1.Sound waves are
    collected by the
    ear lobe or
    pinna.

    6.The auditory nerve


    takes the signals
    to the brain.
    6

    1
    2

    2.The waves
    travel along
    the ear canal.

    5.The cochlea
    turns these
    into electrical
    4.The small bones
    3.The waves
    signals.
    (ossicles) amplify
    make the ear
    the vibrations.
    drum vibrate.

    1 ofof20
    27
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Hearing range
    Set the volume and increase the frequency of the signal
    provided by the signal generator.

    Humans can only hear sounds of certain frequencies.


    The range of frequencies a person can hear is called their
    hearing range.
    What is the hearing range of a healthy young person?

    20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
    1 ofof20
    28
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Comparing hearing ranges


    Which animals hear the lowest and the highest frequencies?
    100,000
    10,000
    1,000
    frequency
    100
    (Hz)
    10
    1
    0
    human
    1 ofof20
    29
    36

    dog

    bat elephant mouse dolphin


    Boardworks Ltd 2005
    2004

    Hearing ranges and hearing loss


    Does everyone have the same hearing range?
    We all have slightly different hearing ranges
    People lose the ability to hear sounds of high
    frequency as they get older.
    Almost 1 in 5 people suffer some sort of
    hearing loss.
    Temporary hearing loss may be caused by ear infections
    and colds, after which hearing recovers.
    Permanent hearing loss and deafness can be present
    at birth or occur if the ear is damaged or diseased.

    1 ofof20
    30
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Measuring loudness the decibel scale


    decibels

    aircraft
    overhead

    160

    personal stereo

    140

    permanent
    ear damage

    120
    100

    loud
    bell

    80
    quiet
    countryside

    60
    40

    pin being
    dropped

    1 ofof20
    31
    36

    20
    0

    circular saw
    at 2m

    can just
    be heard

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Noise and its effects


    A noise is any unwanted sound.
    What one person considers noise another person might not.
    Can you name any examples?
    Noise can cause hearing problems. List three effects of noise.

    1. headaches
    2. nausea
    3. deafness
    List three ways of reducing the effects of loud noise.

    1. ear protectors
    2. double glazing
    3. putting noisy machinery in insulated rooms
    1 ofof20
    32
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Contents

    8L Sound and Hearing


    What is sound?
    Speed of sound
    Reflecting sound
    The ear and hearing
    Summary activities
    1 ofof20
    33
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Glossary
    amplitude The height of a wave, which shows how loud
    a sound is.

    cochlea The part of the inner ear that changes vibrations

    into electrical signals which are then sent to the brain.


    decibel The unit for measuring the loudness of sound (dB).
    eardrum The thin membrane in the ear which vibrates
    when sound reaches it.

    frequency The number of waves per second, which


    shows the pitch of a sound.

    hertz The unit of frequency (Hz). 1 Hz = 1 wave per second.


    oscilloscope An instrument that shows a picture of sound.
    pitch How high or low a sound is.
    sound A form of energy produced by vibrations, which is
    detected by the ears.
    1 ofof20
    34
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Anagrams

    1 ofof20
    35
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    Multiple-choice quiz

    1 ofof20
    36
    36

    Boardworks Ltd 2005


    2004

    You might also like