Understanding Computers ICT Grade 9

UNDERSTANDING
COMPUTERS
Achilles Charles G. Grandeza, MVE
Jesus J. Soriano national High School
computer is one of the most

brilliant inventions of mankind.
Thanks to the computer technology,
we were able to achieve storage and
processing of huge amounts of data;
we could rest our brains by
employing computer memory
capacities for storing information.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
COMPUTERS
ACTIVITY
Time!
ANALOG COMPUTERS
These
are almost extinct today.

These are different from a digital
computer because an analog
computer can perform several
mathematical operations
simultaneously. It uses continuous
variables for mathematical
operations and utilizes mechanical
or electrical energy.
DIGITAL COMPUTERS
They use digital circuits and are designed to

operate on two states, namely bits 0 and 1. They
are analogous to states ON and OFF. Data on
these computers is represented as a series of 0s
and 1s. Digital computers are suitable for
complex computation and have higher processing
speeds. They are programmable. Digital
computers are either general purpose computers
or special purpose ones. Special purpose
computers, as their name suggests, are designed
for specific types of data processing while general
purpose computers are meant for general use.
HYBRID COMPUTERS
These
computers are a combination

of both digital and analog computers.
In this type of computers, the digital
segments perform process control by
conversion of analog signals to
digital ones.
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS
The
following are the

classification of the different
types of computers based on their
sizes and functionalities:
MAINFRAME COMPUTERS
Large
organizations use mainframes

for highly critical applications such
as bulk data processing and ERP.
Most of the mainframe computers
have the capacities to host multiple
operating systems and operate as a
number of virtual machines and can
substitute for several small servers
MINICOMPUTERS
In
terms of size and processing

capacity, minicomputers lie in
between mainframes and
microcomputers. Minicomputers are
also called mid-range systems or
workstations. The term began to be
popularly used in the 1960s to refer
to relatively smaller third generation
computers.
SERVERS
They
are computers designed to provide

services to client machines in a computer
network. They have larger storage
capacities and powerful processors.
Running on them are programs that serve
client requests and allocate resources like
memory and time to client machines.
Usually they are very large in size, as they
have large processors and many hard
drives. They are designed to be fail-safe
and resistant to crash.
SUPERCOMPUTERS
The
highly calculation-intensive tasks can

be effectively performed by means of
supercomputers. Quantum physics,
mechanics, weather forecasting, molecular
theory are best studied by means of
supercomputers. Their ability of parallel
processing and their well-designed
memory hierarchy give the
supercomputers, large transaction
processing powers.
MICROCOMPUTERS
computer with a microprocessor and its central

processing unit it is known as a microcomputer.
They do not occupy space as much as mainframes
do. When supplemented with a keyboard and a
mouse, microcomputers can be called personal
computers. A monitor, a keyboard and other
similar input output devices, computer memory
in the form of RAM and a power supply unit come
packaged in a microcomputer. These computers
can fit on desks or tables and prove to be the best
choice for single-user tasks.
PERSONAL COMPUTERS
DESKTOPS
A
desktop is intended to be used on a

single location. The spare parts of a
desktop computer are readily
available at relatively lower costs.
Power consumption is not as critical
as that in laptops. Desktops are
widely popular for daily use in the
workplace and households.
LAPTOPS
Similar
in operation to desktops,
laptop computers are
miniaturized and optimized for
mobile use. Laptops run on a
single battery or an external
adapter that charges the
computer batteries
NETBOOKS
They
fall in the category of laptops,

but are inexpensive and relatively
smaller in size. They had a smaller
feature set and lesser capacities in
comparison to regular laptops, at the
time they came into the market.
PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANTS

It
is a handheld computer and

popularly known as a palmtop. It has
a touch screen and a memory card
for storage of data. PDAs can also be
used as portable audio players, web
browsers and smart phones. Most of
them can access the Internet by
means of Bluetooth or Wi-Fi
communication.
TABLET COMPUTERS
Tablets
are mobile computers

that are very handy to use. They
use the touch screen technology.
Tablets come with an onscreen
keyboard or use a stylus or a
digital pen. Apple's iPod
redefined the class of tablet
computers
WEARABLE COMPUTERS
A record-setting step in the evolution of

computers was the creation of wearable
computers. These computers can be worn on the
body and are often used in the study of behavior
modeling and human health. Military and health
professionals have incorporated wearable
computers into their daily routine, as a part of
such studies. When the users' hands and sensory
organs are engaged in other activities, wearable
computers are of great help in tracking human
actions. Wearable computers do not have to be
turned on and off and remain in operation
without user intervention.

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UNDERSTANDING

Jesus J. Soriano national High School

computer is one of the most

are almost extinct today.

They use digital circuits and are designed to

computers are a combination

following are the

organizations use mainframes

terms of size and processing

are computers designed to provide

highly calculation-intensive tasks can

computer with a microprocessor and its central

desktop is intended to be used on a

fall in the category of laptops,

PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANTS

is a handheld computer and

are mobile computers

A record-setting step in the evolution of

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