Plant Reproduction For Class

Plant Reproduction
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Plant Reproduction Home Page

4
Seed dispersal
Flower structure
Germination
Pollination
6
Fruit development
Test
Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Click image to view a video on plant reproduction
If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new
browser window and you can watch the video then, url:
http://vimeo.com/1594037?pg=embed&sec=1594037
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Flower structure
stigma
anther
style
stamen
filament
ovary
ovule
petal
sepal
peduncle
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fruit Development
receptacle
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
carpel
Structure and function of the flower
stigma
anther
style
stamen
filament
ovary
ovule
petal
sepal
receptacle
peduncle
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
carpel
Flower Structure Quiz

What is the name of the structure labelled X in the
diagram?
carpel
sepal
X
stamen
peduncle
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test

Where is pollen made?
stigma
sepal
anther
ovary
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test

Where is the ovule found in a flower?
petals
style
nectary
ovary
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test

Which parts of the flower are labelled below:
X = style, Y = stigma
X = filament, Y = anther
X = stigma, Y = style
X = anther, Y = filament
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Pollination
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=RuYrFwDuYn0&NR=1&feature=fvwp
Pollination
The pollen grain contains the male sex cell (gamete)

Flower Structure
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther

to the stigma
This is an example of cross-pollination as the

pollen travels from one flower to a different flower.
This is desirable in plants as it promotes variation.
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Pollen can be carried between flowers by insects

or by wind
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Insect-pollinated flowers are adapted to attract

insects to them to enable transfer of pollen
Pollen has
barbs for
hooking onto
insect fur
nectar and a
scent present
Anthers positioned
to rub pollen onto
insects
Sticky stigma
to collect pollen
Flower Structure
Pollination
Brightly
coloured petals
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Wind-pollinated flowers are different in structure

because they do not have to attract insects to
them but do need to be exposed to the wind.
Pollen grains are very
small and light. They
occur in very large
numbers
Anthers are exposed to the

wind so that pollen can
easily be blown away
Stigma are
feathery to catch
pollen carried on
wind
Petals are small and
green as there is no
need to attract
insects
Flower Structure
No scent or nectary
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Self-pollination occurs when pollen falls from the

anther onto the stigma of the same flower
Self-pollination is
not desirable as it
reduces variation
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Flowers will prevent self-pollination by either

having stigma above stamen or
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
by having stamen and stigma mature at different

times.
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Click on the icons below to view the

summary videos on pollination
If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste

this url into a new browser window and you can
watch the video then, url:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZ3J4UWwd2Q
Pollination (9 minutes)
If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste

this url into a new browser window and you can
watch the video then, url:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ge3EM8AERV0
Insect pollination (1 minute)
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Pollination Quiz
Pollination is the transfer from.?
the stigma to anther
style to stamen
ovule to filament
anther to stigma
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fruit Development
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Pollination Quiz
The two mechanisms for pollination are?
Wind and water
Insect and wind
Insect and water
Wind and birds
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Pollination Quiz
Cross-pollination
Increases variation
Decreases variation
Is only performed by insects
Is only performed by wind
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Pollination Quiz
Flowers are adapted for wind-pollination by
Having bright petals and a scent
Having a nectary
Having feathery stigmas
Having sticky stigmas
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fruit Development
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Fertilisation and Fruit Development
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fruit Development
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Once pollination occurs a tube grows from the

pollen grain down through the style to the ovule
stigma
style
carpel
ovary
ovule
Note: Petals not shown in

order to simplify diagram
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fruit Development
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Fertilisation occurs when the male gamete

fuses with the ovule (the female gamete)
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fruit Development
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Watch this short introductory video to review

fertilisation (1 minute)
If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new browser
window and you can watch the video then, url:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pVhH2GPlckE
Seed Dispersal
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fruit Development
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Watch the video on seed dispersal

(lasts just under 10 minutes)
If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new
browser window and you can watch the video then, url:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zbQ1jWl3AOM
After fertilisation the petals, stamen and sepals fall off.

The ovule turns into a seed, the fertilised egg inside
develops into an embryo plant.
Cotyledon:
Food store
Testa:
tough seed coat
Plumule:
Embryo shoot
Micropyle:
Hole made by
pollen tube
Radicle:
Embryo root
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fruit Development
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Embryo
plant
Water leaves the seed, it dehydrates and becomes

dormant because metabolic reactions stop.
The ovary develops to become a fruit.
Fleshy wall
of the ovary
(yes, you are
eating an
adapted ovary
when you
crunch into an
apple!
seed
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fruit Development
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Seeds need to be dispersed away from the parent

plant in order to reduce competition for space,
light, nutrients and water.
Seeds can be dispersed by:
Wind
Water
Mechanical
Animals
Seed dispersal quiz

Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed
shown in the picture
water
mechanical
wind
animal
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Seed dispersal quiz

mechanical
animal
water
wind
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Seed dispersal quiz

water
wind
animal
mechanical
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Seed dispersal quiz

animal
mechanical
water
wind
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fertilisation
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Germination
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fruit Development
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
The seed contains the embryo plant and

cotyledons (starch stores)
Testa
Water enters the seed

through the micropyle
and activates enzymes.
Plumule
(embryo shoot)
The water also softens

the testa to allow it to
split.
Radicle
(embryo root)
Cotyledon
Micropyle
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fruit Development
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Enzymes are used in seed germination

Plumule
starch
amylase
secreted
embryo plant
ab
so
rb
ed
The enzymes break

starch down into
maltose and then
glucose. The glucose
is used in respiration
to provide energy for
growth
maltose
Radicle
This is the first part
to grow out of the
seed as it needs to
absorb more water
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fruit Development
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Whilst germinating the plant uses food stores in

the cotyledon to provide energy for growth
light
The seedling can now

photosynthesise and
make its own food
germination
Plant growth and development
soil
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fruit Development
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Changes in dry mass of the germinating seed:

Seed loses weight as it uses
up starch stores in the
cotyledons as the seedling
cannot photosynthesise yet
Dry mass/g
Weight increases as
the seedling can
photosynthesise and
plant grows
Dry mass is the

mass of solid
matter with all
water removed
Days
Flower Structure
Pollination
Fruit Development
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
Conditions required for germination

Pyrogallol (absorbs oxygen)
Oxygen
present
Oxygen
present
No light
Oxygen
present
Oxygen
present
No
oxygen
moist
4oC
A
Flower Structure
dry
moist
moist
moist
Warm
B
Warm
C
Warm
D
Warm
E
Pollination
Fruit Development
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Test
END
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Plant Reproduction

Plant Reproduction Home Page

Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants

Click image to view a video on plant reproduction

Structure and function of the flower

Flower Structure Quiz

Flower Structure Quiz

Flower Structure Quiz

Flower Structure Quiz

The pollen grain contains the male sex cell (gamete)

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther

This is an example of cross-pollination as the

Pollen can be carried between flowers by insects

Insect-pollinated flowers are adapted to attract

Wind-pollinated flowers are different in structure

Anthers are exposed to the

Self-pollination occurs when pollen falls from the

Flowers will prevent self-pollination by either

by having stamen and stigma mature at different

Click on the icons below to view the

If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste

If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste

Insect pollination (1 minute)

Fertilisation and Fruit Development

Once pollination occurs a tube grows from the

Note: Petals not shown in

Fertilisation occurs when the male gamete

Watch this short introductory video to review

Watch the video on seed dispersal

After fertilisation the petals, stamen and sepals fall off.

Water leaves the seed, it dehydrates and becomes

Seeds need to be dispersed away from the parent

Seeds can be dispersed by:

Seed dispersal quiz

Seed dispersal quiz

Seed dispersal quiz

Seed dispersal quiz

The seed contains the embryo plant and

Water enters the seed

The water also softens

Enzymes are used in seed germination

The enzymes break

Whilst germinating the plant uses food stores in

The seedling can now

Changes in dry mass of the germinating seed:

Dry mass is the

Conditions required for germination

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