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    Proxemics

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    Ysong Taro
    Proxemics is the study of how people use space and distance in social interactions. Edward Hall coined the term in 1963 and defined four proxemic zones: intimate (0-18 inches), personal (1.5-4 feet), social (4-12 feet), and public (12+ feet). These zones vary between cultures and have changed over time in North America, with people now requiring less intimate distance but more personal space. Proxemics examines how factors like culture, gender, and context influence appropriate distances and uses of space between individuals and in groups.

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    Proxemics

    Uploaded by

    Ysong Taro
    260 views23 pages
    Proxemics is the study of how people use space and distance in social interactions. Edward Hall coined the term in 1963 and defined four proxemic zones: intimate (0-18 inches), personal (1.5-4 feet), social (4-12 feet), and public (12+ feet). These zones vary between cultures and have changed over time in North America, with people now requiring less intimate distance but more personal space. Proxemics examines how factors like culture, gender, and context influence appropriate distances and uses of space between individuals and in groups.

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    Proxemics is the study of how people use space and distance in social interactions. Edward Hall coined the term in 1963 and defined four proxemic zones: intimate (0-18 inches), personal (1.5-4 feet), social (4-12 feet), and public (12+ feet). These zones vary between cultures and have changed over time in North America, with people now requiring less intimate distance but more personal space. Proxemics examines how factors like culture, gender, and context influence appropriate distances and uses of space between individuals and in groups.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    260 views23 pages

    Proxemics

    Uploaded by

    Ysong Taro
    Proxemics is the study of how people use space and distance in social interactions. Edward Hall coined the term in 1963 and defined four proxemic zones: intimate (0-18 inches), personal (1.5-4 feet), social (4-12 feet), and public (12+ feet). These zones vary between cultures and have changed over time in North America, with people now requiring less intimate distance but more personal space. Proxemics examines how factors like culture, gender, and context influence appropriate distances and uses of space between individuals and in groups.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    Proxemics

    The Semiotics of Space

    Edward T. Hall
    Hall

    coined the term in 1963


    Proxemics is the study of the codes
    that define space and territory in
    human social relations
    Distance between individuals,
    territoriality, intimacy gradients, public
    versus private spaces, sacred places,
    and so on come under the rubric of
    proxemics

    Proxemes

    Intimate: 0 - 18 inches
    Emotionally charged bubble reserved for family,
    friends, lovers

    Personal: 1.5 - 4 feet


    Minimum comfort zone between non-touching
    individuals; within reach for handshakes; informal
    distance between friends

    Social: 4 12 feet
    Non-threatening, non-involving; for formal
    discourse and business; minimum distance within
    which one can go about their business without
    seeming rude to others

    Public: 12 feet and beyond


    Evasive or defensive action possible at this
    distance; communication at this distance highly
    structured, e.g., lecture, performance

    Proxemics and Culture

    Of course, these codes depend on culture and


    history.
    In North American culture over the last
    hundred years, there has been both a
    decrease in the size of the intimate and
    personal proxeme and an expansion in the
    social and personal proxeme.
    In other words, in many cases people demand
    much more space between themselves and
    non-intimates while simultaneously requiring
    less distance between friends, family
    members, and other intimates.

    Botticelli,
    Sandro
    The
    Cestello
    Annunciati
    onc. 1489
    Tempera on
    panel 150
    x 156 cm
    Uffizi,
    Florence

    Van Eyck, Jan


    The
    Annunciation c.
    1435
    Oil on
    canvas93 x 37
    cmNational
    Gallery of Art,
    Washington

    John Singleton Copley Colonel William Fitch and His Sisters Sarah and
    Ann Fitch, 1800/1801

    Touch

    Touch is another feature of proxemic


    analysis.
    In Western culture touch is kept at a
    minimum in public places.
    Mothers tend to touch their sons more on
    their chest and shoulders, their daughters
    on the arms and head.
    In Japanese culture there is a great deal of
    tactile communication in childhood but little
    after adolescence.

    William Eggleston. Sumner, Mississippi,


    Cassidy Bayou in the background.
    1969-70.

    You be the expert!


    What proxemic codes govern:
    A handshake between a man and a woman?
    Between a man and a man?
    A party at an undergraduates apartment?
    A party at your grandparents?
    A first meeting with a prospective employer?
    A solitary study session at a big table in the
    library?

    The Gaze

    Related to proxemics in that the gaze also


    has implications for emotional distance and
    intimacy.
    Frequency, duration, and direction of gaze
    has social consequences.
    Phatic function: for initiation and
    maintenance of communication.
    Looking away signals a desire to keep speaking.
    Staring indicates a desire for the other to take a
    turn.

    The Gaze cont

    Expressive function: the eyes (more


    correctly, the muscles and tissue around
    the eyes) can signal emotion.
    Conative function: When the message is
    focused on the receiver, the gaze of the
    sender can indicate levels of intimacy,
    hostility, and so on, e.g., if looks could kill
    .
    Can also register disdain, aloofness, or low
    solidarity towards the receiver if the gaze is
    withdrawn.

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