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    Membrane Bioreactor

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    Agus Witono
    This document discusses membrane bioreactors (MBR) for wastewater treatment. It examines two full-scale MBR applications that achieved high quality effluent. The document also discusses research on membrane fouling and MBR system microbiology. MBRs could be suitable for Greece due to water scarcity issues but further research is needed to reduce costs and fouling. Promising research areas include developing long-term fouling models and determining factors that influence biomass filterability.

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    Membrane Bioreactor

    Uploaded by

    Agus Witono
    2K views25 pages
    This document discusses membrane bioreactors (MBR) for wastewater treatment. It examines two full-scale MBR applications that achieved high quality effluent. The document also discusses research on membrane fouling and MBR system microbiology. MBRs could be suitable for Greece due to water scarcity issues but further research is needed to reduce costs and fouling. Promising research areas include developing long-term fouling models and determining factors that influence biomass filterability.

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    This document discusses membrane bioreactors (MBR) for wastewater treatment. It examines two full-scale MBR applications that achieved high quality effluent. The document also discusses research on membrane fouling and MBR system microbiology. MBRs could be suitable for Greece due to water scarcity issues but further research is needed to reduce costs and fouling. Promising research areas include developing long-term fouling models and determining factors that influence biomass filterability.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2K views25 pages

    Membrane Bioreactor

    Uploaded by

    Agus Witono
    This document discusses membrane bioreactors (MBR) for wastewater treatment. It examines two full-scale MBR applications that achieved high quality effluent. The document also discusses research on membrane fouling and MBR system microbiology. MBRs could be suitable for Greece due to water scarcity issues but further research is needed to reduce costs and fouling. Promising research areas include developing long-term fouling models and determining factors that influence biomass filterability.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    The document discusses membrane bioreactors (MBR) for wastewater treatment, including basics of the technology, case studies of full-scale MBR plants, and promising areas of research. Key advantages of MBRs include high effluent quality, no sludge settling required, and reduced space requirements, while challenges include membrane fouling and higher operational costs.

    Some of the main advantages of MBR technology for wastewater treatment are high effluent quality, no requirement for sludge settling, and reduced space/volume requirements. The main disadvantages are membrane fouling and increased operational costs due to more intensive treatment requirements.

    Promising areas of research to reduce membrane fouling include modeling biofilm development and fouling mechanisms, examining the effects of additives on fouling, and deriving relationships between operating conditions and biomass characteristics to predict long-term fouling.

    The Potential of Membrane Bioreactors for

    Wastewater Treatment
    S. Malamis1, A. Andreadakis1 & D. Mamais1
    Laboratory of Sanitary Engineering
    School of Civil Engineering
    National Technical University of Athens
    1

    1st International Conference on Sustainable


    Urban Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
    Nicosia 15-16th September 2005

    Presentation Aim & Layout

    Aims
    To assess the feasibility of Membrane
    Bioreactors (MBR) in Greece
    To examine state-of-the-art research in the
    field of secondary treatment of municipal
    wastewater using MBR technology

    Layout

    Basics on MBR for wastewater treatment


    Examination of two full-scale MBR applications
    Adoption of MBR technology in Greece
    State-of-the-art research

    Basics on MBR

    Employ biological reactor and


    membrane filtration as a unified
    system for the secondary treatment
    of wastewater
    Membranes perform the separation
    of the final effluent from the biomass
    through filtration
    Filtration takes place by the
    application of a pressure gradient

    Process Basics
    DN

    discharge

    SCT

    SS
    conventional technology
    membrane technology
    effluent
    SS
    Deni

    Nitri

    UF not
    Sec. Clarif.

    Process Basics

    sludge floc
    water
    dis. solids

    bacteria
    viruses

    membrane

    suction
    kinet. energy

    Submerged MBR System


    Module
    Feed

    Permeate

    Back pulse

    Cleaning
    chemicals

    ZeeWee
    d
    aeration Aeration

    effluent

    BP Tank

    Re-circulation

    SS

    Assessment of MBR Technology

    Advantages
    High effluent quality
    No sludge settling problems
    Reduced volume requirements

    Disadvantages
    Membrane fouling
    Increased operational costs

    Full-Scale WWTP in Germany (1)

    P.E. = 80,000 Largest


    MBR full-scale
    installation in the world
    4 parallel biological
    reactors:
    Anoxic zone
    Swing zone
    Aerobic zone with
    immersed membranes

    SRT = 25 days
    MLSS = 10-15 g/l
    192 cassettes (8 parallel
    trains)
    Total filtration area =
    84,480m2

    Full-Scale WWTP in Germany (2)

    Parameter
    SS (mg/l)

    Final Effluent
    Non detectable

    COD (mg/l)

    15-20

    BOD5 (mg/l)

    <3

    NH4+-N (mg/l)

    <1

    TN (mg/l)
    TP (mg/l)

    5-10
    0.7

    Total Coliforms / 100 ml


    Fecal Coliforms /2000 ml

    <100
    <500

    Salmonella /1000 ml

    Final Effluent disposed to a sensitive river

    Full-Scale WWTP in Italy (1)

    Consists of 3 parallel lines


    Lines A & C: Conventional Lines
    Line B: Upgraded from conventional to MBR system

    Total P.E. = 380,000


    Upgrading of Line B to MBR increased its capacity from 12,200 m 3/d to 42,000 m3/d within the same
    space
    MLSS = 6.5-10 g/l
    SRT > 20 d

    Full-Scale WWTP in Italy (2)


    Parameter

    MBR Effluent
    mg/l (%)

    Conventional
    Effluent
    mg/l (%)

    SS (mg/l)

    <2 (99)

    25 (73.2)

    BOD5 (mg/l)

    4 (95.8)

    19 (82.3)

    COD (mg/l)

    27 (88.5)

    66 (77.2)

    TN (mg/l)

    9.2 (73.7)

    15.9 (54.5)

    TP (mg/l)

    2.4 (36.1)

    3.4 (8.6)

    Conclusions from the examination


    of full-scale installations (1)

    Full-scale MBR provide a superior effluent quality


    compared to conventional methods
    The final effluent can meet the requirements of the
    Urban Wastewater Directive 91/271/EEC even for
    P.E. >100,000 with disposal to sensitive recipients
    (TN <10 mg/l, TP < 1mg/l)
    Final effluent conforms to the microbiological
    requirements for bathing waters (Directive
    76/160/EEC), without the need for further
    disinfection with chlorine or ozone

    Conclusions from the examination


    of full-scale installations (1)

    Enhance reuse options of secondary


    effluent

    However:
    the stricter microbiological criteria for
    agricultural reuse are not met and further
    disinfection is required

    Main barrier to their wider full-scale


    adoption is the high operational cost and
    the lack of economies of scale

    Adoption of full-scale MBR in Greece

    Currently there is no full-scale MBR system


    It is an attractive solution for arid and semiarid regions and islands characterized by:

    Water scarcity
    Small/Medium P.E.
    Coastal zones and seas of high aesthetic value
    Limited land availability
    Large seasonal changes in populations

    State-of-the-art Research

    MBR technology has resulted in


    multidiscipline research, since it
    brings together the topics of system
    design and construction,
    hydrodynamics, chemistry and
    microbiology.
    This work focuses on the topics of:
    Membrane fouling
    System microbiology

    Membrane Fouling (1)

    Biofouling is the dominant type of


    membrane fouling in MBRs
    Definition: the undesirable deposition
    and accumulation of microorganisms,
    EPS and cell debris
    Main operating problem impeding the
    widespread adoption of MBR to fullscale plants

    Membrane Fouling (2)

    Biofilm develops due to the following


    mechanisms:
    Adsorption of macromolecules
    Adhesion of micro-molecules which are
    easily attached from the liquid under
    suspension to the membranes surface
    Creation of colonies and growth of
    micro-organisms on and within the
    biofilm
    Detachment mechanisms attributed
    mainly to shear forces

    Main Parameters Influencing Fouling (3)

    Membrane parameters

    Configuration
    Material
    Pore Size
    Hydrophobicity

    Operating Parameters
    HRT/SRT
    Aeration system
    TMP and flux

    Biomass
    characteristics

    EPS
    SMP
    MLSS

    The degree of influence of


    each biomass characteristic
    varies depending on the
    operating conditions and
    particularly SRT
    Research is often
    contradictory
    No universally adopted
    relationships relating
    fouling to its main
    influencing parameters

    Promising research areas related to


    membrane fouling (4)
    Modeling the development of biofilm (determining
    thickness, concentration gradient of nutrients and
    DO etc)
    Derive relationships describing the degree of fouling
    with respect to operating and biomass
    characteristics
    The ultimate goal is to model long-term fouling

    Examination of the influence of certain


    additives (alum, zeolite, activated carbon)
    on fouling

    System Microbiology (1)

    Sludge Filterability

    Impacts on filtration and fouling


    Improved sludge filterability retards the
    degree of fouling and thus prolongs the life of
    the membrane

    Biomass characteristics

    MBR produce 20-50% less sludge than


    conventional systems as they operate at higher
    SRT
    Floc size depends on the SRT value and on the
    MBR configuration
    Presence of small flocs, single cells and freeswimming bacteria
    Filamentous micro-organisms are favored
    (absence of FST, low F/M ratios)

    System Microbiology (2)

    Organic & nutrient removal


    Examined extensively through pilotplants and bench-scale experiments
    Innovative processes have been tested
    (e.g. use of a single reactor for
    simultaneous nitr-denitr by maintaining
    the DO level at 1mg/l)

    Promising research areas related to


    microbiology (4)

    Extensive analysis of the microbiology


    and physiology of micro-organisms which
    develop both in the liquid under
    suspension and on the membrane
    surface. Examination of the differences in
    the microbial populations
    Determine the influence of certain factors
    (e.g. pH, organic loading, SRT) on
    filterability

    Conclusions

    MBR technology is compatible with Greek


    needs of wastewater treatment
    Promising research themes:

    Develop model that will predict long-term


    fouling
    Find cost effective additives which can reduce
    fouling
    Determine the operating factors which affect
    filterability
    Extensive microscopic analysis of the biomass

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