Coron A Effect

CORON
CORONA
???
"Corona" is from the Latin word

for crown.
It has been derived from the
glow surrounding the conductors
when the operating voltage is
sufficiently high .
PHENOMENON OF CORONA
For an overhead transmission system the

atmospheric air, which is the dielectric
medium , behaves practically like a perfect
insulator when the potential difference between
the conductors is small. If the voltage
impressed
between
the
conductors
of
alternating nature , sustained charging current
will flow due to the capacitance of the line. With
the increase of the voltage, there corresponding
increase in the electric field intensity.
Contd
As long as the air is subjected to a uniform
electric field intensity of peak value less than
3106 V/m, the flow of current between the
two conductors of the line is neglegibly small
for practical purposes.
But when the electric field intensity

(voltage gradient) reaches the critical value of
3106 V/m, the air is immediate vicinity
conductors no more remains a dielectric but is
ionizes and becomes conducting
Contd
This breakdown is accompanied by
A faint glow appears around the conductors
which is visible in dark.
There is an acoustical noise.
There is a tendency in the conductors to
vibrate .
There is a loss of power.
There is a radio interference.
Contd
If the voltage gradient is increased further,

the size and the brightness of the luminous
envelope goes on increase until finally a spark
is established between the conductors
because of complete breakdown of the
insulating properties of the air between them.
Theory of the Corona Formation
The electrons and ions are always present to a small

extent in the atmospheric air due to the random action
of the ionizing sources such as cosmic rays, ultraviolet
radiation from the sun ,etc.
when electric field of uniform intensity is established
between the conductors, these ions and free electrons
experience forces upon them proportional to the field
intensity and the charge on them.
Due to this force the ions and free electrons get
accelerated .
The charge particles during there motion collide with
one another and also with the very slow moving
uncharged molecules .
Contd
If atmosphere pressure of 760mm of mercury and
normal temperature of 25C when the electrical field

intensity reaches a critical value of about 3000kV/
metre, the velocity attained by a charged ion or
electron is sufficiently high to tear of one or more
electron from the uncharged molecule which it makes
collision , thereby leaving one or more free electrons
and a new +ve ion behind . This process is cumulative
and called ionization. The result of this ionization is
either Corona formation or Spark takes place.
Contd
These newly formed free electrons and ions in

turn are accelerated by a field and collide with
other air molecules to ionize them further. As
results of this the saturation is reached . The
air become conducting and a complete
breakdown occurs .
The result of this breakdown is either Corona
formation or Spark takes place.
FACTORS AFFECTING CORONA

Corona loss depends upon a large no. of
factors , the important being broadly
classified in the following way
a) Conductor
Surface Gradient:- From the
equation Gmax =
En
V/m
rlnD/r
for single conductors and multiple conductors lines, it
is seen that radius and spacing of the conductors
affect the surface gradients and therefore, the voltage
at which corona starts. In addition to this, the surface
gradient also depends on the configuration of the line
and the height of the conductors above the ground.
b)Condition of Conductor Surface
The roughness of conductor may be caused

by standing , scratches , deposition of dust or
other air bone particles on its surface. Due to
concentration of field intensity at rough spots
local corona discharges occurs there .
This has been explained by the fact that
during corona discharge ozone and oxides of
nitrogen are produced.
c) Atmospheric Condition
When the rate of rainfall increases , it is

observed that the corona loss for a given
conductor at any voltages increases. But the
rate of increase of loss is lesser than that of
rainfall . The loss become practically constant
when the rate of rain fall is very high.
d) Air Density Factor

The air density factor is define as the ratio
of density of the air at any given baromatric
pressure ..
So ,
The air density factor = 0.392p
273+t
Humidity also effects corona voltage.
Advantages of Corona
It reduces the magnitude of high voltage

steep fronted waves due to lighting or
switching by partially dissipating as a corona
loss . In this way it acts as a safety valve to
some extent
Disadvantages of Corona
1. There is a definite loss of power even though it is not
much during fair weather condition.
2.
When corona is present the effective capacitance of

the conductors is increased because the effective dia
of the conductor is increased. This effect increases the
flow of charging current . Because of corona triple
frequency currents flow through the ground in case of
grounded system and they give rise to a voltage of
triple frequency in an ungrounded system. These
triple frequency currents and voltages interfere with
the communication circuits due to electromagnetic
and electrostatic induction effect.

Coron A Effect

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Coron A Effect

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Coron A Effect

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CORON

"Corona" is from the Latin word

For an overhead transmission system the

But when the electric field intensity

If the voltage gradient is increased further,

Theory of the Corona Formation

The electrons and ions are always present to a small

If atmosphere pressure of 760mm of mercury and

normal temperature of 25C when the electrical field

These newly formed free electrons and ions in

FACTORS AFFECTING CORONA

b)Condition of Conductor Surface

The roughness of conductor may be caused

When the rate of rainfall increases , it is

d) Air Density Factor

It reduces the magnitude of high voltage

When corona is present the effective capacitance of

You might also like