Enhancing Power System Stability of Wind Farm Equipped With Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator

Enhancing Power System Stability of
Wind Farm Equipped with Permanent

Magnet Synchronous Generator
PRESENTED BY:
Student name: ASWATHY R.

RRN NO: 132232601002
Guide Name: Ms. V.SELVI
OBJECTIVE
Improving Power System Stability of
Wind Farm Equipped with Permanent
Magnet Synchronous
Generator
based variable speed wind turbine.
A 6pulse back-to-back converter of
variable speed permanent magnet
synchronous generator is developed
to improve the stability.
INTRODUCTION
Wind Energy Conversion System: A wind
energy conversion system, composed of
wind energy system, mechanical system
and electrical system.
The block diagram of basic components of
WECS shown in fig .
Mathematical Formulation of Turbine

Model
Power extracted from wind,
Pw= Av3Cp
is air density
v is velocity of wind
A is swept area by blades
Cp is power coefficient
where,
Coefficient of Power (Cp)

The coefficient of power of a wind
turbine is a measurement of how
efficiently the wind turbine converts
the energy in the wind into
electricity.
Cp = Electricity produced by wind
turbine
Total Energy available in the
wind
Cont
The value of Cp is depended on tip speed ratio
() and blade pitch angle () based on the turbine
characteristics as follows
where c1 to c6 denote characteristic

coefficients of wind
turbine (c1=0.5176, c2=116, c3=0.4, c4=5,
c5=21 and c6=0.0068.)
TSR and Pitch Angle

TSR refers to the ratio between the wind speed and the speed
of the tips of the wind turbine.

TSR() = Speed of Blade = R/v , is rotor speed of turbine
Wind Speed
Pitch angle() is the angle between the chord line and
reference line.
WIND TURBINE DRIVEN GENERATORS
There are three types of generators are used

wind turbines :
1. The fixed speed wind turbine with Squirrel
Cage
Induction Generator (SCIG)
2. The variable speed wind turbine with Doubly
Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)
3. The variable speed wind turbine with
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator
(PMSG)
Fixe d Spee d Squirre l Ca ge Induction Gene ra tor
SCIG are mechanically simple, have high

efficiency and low maintenance cost.
Generator stator directly connected to grid .
In order to limit the reactive power
absorption from the grid, SCIG based WECS
are equipped with capacitor banks.
Variable Speed Wind Turbine with

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator
PMSG does not require energy supply for excitation,

as it is supplied by the permanent magnets.
The rotor and generator shafts are coupled directly.
PMSG connected to grid through a variable
frequency converter , to avoid frequency changing
problems.
Cont.
The Fixed Speed Wind Turbines with Squirrel Cage
Induction Generator (FSWT-SCIG) is most widely
used in wind farms.
The reactive power consumption and voltage dip
increases especially during and after fault
clearance. It may leads to loss of stability.
Resolve
this
problem
by
using
FACT
devices(STATCOM, SVC etc). But the system
overall cost becomes expensive.
Recently, Variable Speed Wind Turbine with
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (VSWTPMSG) has become a attractive type of wind
turbine concept.
Power System Model Single Line

Diagram with SCIG
100MVA, 50Hz Base system
GENERATOR PARAMETERS
SCIG with Wind Farm Connected to

grid in PSCAD Software
Active and Reactive Power Outputs

of SCIG
Wind
speed
(m/s)
Activ
e
powe
r
(MW)
Reactiv
e
power
(MVAr)
Time in sec
SCIG with Wind Farm Connected to

Grid in PSCAD Software with Fault
Fault Scenario
The 1L-G fault is applied at receiving
end Line no:2 at 2.0sec and Fault
clearing time 0.2sec and 0.5 sec.
Active and Reactive Power Outputs

SCIG for FCT 0.2 sec
Reac
tive
powe
r
(MVA
r)
Active
power
(pu)
SCIG for FCT 0.5 sec
Power System Model Single Line

Diagram with PMSG
100MVA, 50Hz Base system
CONTROL SYSTEM OF VSWTPMSG
The VSWTPMSG consists of the following components:

1. PMSG
2. Back to back converters which are composed of stator side
converter (SSC) and grid side converter (GSC)
3.
DC-link circuit
4.
Two voltage source converter controllers (stator side
controller
and grid side controller).
Cont
The SSC is connected to the stator of PMSG, and
it converts the three phase AC voltage
generated by PMSG to DC voltage.
The three phase voltage and current sensors are
attached on the stator terminal of PMSG.
All outputs of the sensors are fed to the stator
side controller.
In the GSC, the converter is connected to the
grid system through a step up transformer.
The grid current and the grid voltage sensors
are attached on the high voltage side of the
transformer.
Simulation Diagram of PMSG

Connected to Wind Turbine in PSCAD
Software
Simulation Diagram of PMSG with Stator

Side Convertor in PSCAD Software
Grid Side Convertor Connected with

Grid in PSCAD Software
Wind speed
Wind
spee
d
(m/s)
Wind speed VS Time plot
Real and Reactive Power of both

Converter and Inverter sides
AC & DC, Voltages and Currents

Waveforms at both Converter and
Inverter Side
Simulation Diagram of Grid Side

Converter with Fault in PSCAD
Real and Reactive Power outputs of

PMSG with FCT 0.5sec
Active Power at Different Fault

Conditions of PMSG
Fault
location
Type of
fault
Active
power(p
u)
(Rectifie
r side)
Reactive
power(p
u)
(Inverte
r side)
Line 2
1LG
0.79
0.74
Line1
1LG
0.75
0.69
Bus1
1LG
0.71
0.70
Line2
3LG
0.74
0.71
Fault Clearing Time (sec) for both

SCIG and PMSG
Fault
location
Type of
fault
Fault
clearing
time of
SCIG(se
c)
Fault
clearing
time of
PMSG(s
ec)
Line 2
1LG
0.12
0.87
Line1
1LG
0.24
0.9
Bus1
1LG
0.21
0.78
Line2
3LG
0.16
0.71
CONCLUSION
Designed a back to back converter for PMSG
based wind turbine to solve the problem,
stability during fault conditions.
Maintained the stability of wind farm, under
randomly varying wind speed and effectively
delivered the active power of wind farms to the
grid.
A significant improvement in the critical fault
clearing time is observed with PMSG.
Paper Presentation
@International Conference
Paper Presentation
@National Conference
REFERENCES
[1] Marwan Rosyadi, S. M. Muyeen, Rion Takahashi, Junji Tamura;
Voltage Stability Control of Wind Farm using PMSG based
Variable Speed Wind Turbine IEEE transactions on power
systems, vol. 20, 2012, pp. 903-915..
[2] The Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC), Global wind report
2010,April 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.gwec.net/
[3] J. Tamura, T. Yamazaki, M. Ueno, Y. Matsumura, and S.
Kimoto,"Transient stability simulation of power system
including wind generator PSCAD/EMTDC, in Proc. IEEE Porto
Power Tech, 2001, vol. 4, Paper no.EMT-108.
[4] S. M. Muyeen, J. Tamura, and T. Murata, Stability augmentation
of a grid connected wind farm, Green Energy and Technology,
London, Springer-Verlag, 2009. Ch. 2.
[5] P. Kundur, Power system Stability and Control, New York:
McGraw
Hill, 1994

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Enhancing Power System Stability of

Wind Farm Equipped with Permanent

Student name: ASWATHY R.

Mathematical Formulation of Turbine

Coefficient of Power (Cp)

where c1 to c6 denote characteristic

TSR and Pitch Angle

of the tips of the wind turbine.

WIND TURBINE DRIVEN GENERATORS

There are three types of generators are used

Fixe d Spee d Squirre l Ca ge Induction Gene ra tor

SCIG are mechanically simple, have high

Variable Speed Wind Turbine with

PMSG does not require energy supply for excitation,

Power System Model Single Line

SCIG with Wind Farm Connected to

Active and Reactive Power Outputs

SCIG with Wind Farm Connected to

Active and Reactive Power Outputs

SCIG for FCT 0.5 sec

Power System Model Single Line

CONTROL SYSTEM OF VSWTPMSG

The VSWTPMSG consists of the following components:

Simulation Diagram of PMSG

Simulation Diagram of PMSG with Stator

Grid Side Convertor Connected with

Wind speed VS Time plot

Real and Reactive Power of both

AC & DC, Voltages and Currents

Simulation Diagram of Grid Side

Real and Reactive Power outputs of

Active Power at Different Fault

Fault Clearing Time (sec) for both

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