Submitted By: 12602 Ankur 12617 Pratyush 12642 Himalya 12646 Badar

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12602 ankur
12617 pratyush
12642 himalya
12646 badar
Introduction:
In architecture and structural

engineering, a space frame or space
structure is a truss-like, lightweight rigid
structure constructed from interlocking
struts in a geometric pattern. Space
frames can be used to span large areas
with few interior supports. Like the truss,
a space frame is strong because of the
inherent rigidity of the triangle; flexing
loads (bending moments) are transmitted
as tension and compression loads along
the length of each strut.
In a most general way of speaking the

term space frame indicates three
dimensional structure capable of resisting
loads in different planes.
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By using computer programs, it is possible to analyze very complex space

structures with great accuracy and less time involved.
A space frame is a structure system assembled of linear elements so arranged

that forces are transferred in a three-dimensional manner.
A space frame is usually arranged in an array of single, double, or multiple

layers of intersecting members.
The space frame can be formed on either a flat or a curved surface.
Types of space frames

They are classified broadly in three categories
I. Skeleton (braced) frame work
e.g. domes, barrel vaults, double and multiplier

grids, braced plates. They
are more popular. They are innumerable
combinations and variation possible and follow
regular geometric forms.
ii. Stressed skin systems
e.g. Stressed skin folded plates, stressed skin domes

and barrel vaults,
iii. Suspended (cable or membrane) structures
e.g. Cable roofs.
San Siro stadium, Milan
The roofing Covers the entire Stadium leaving only the pitch
uncovered.
Structurally this is a grid of lattice beams 9,5 m high which rests on

the four corner towers that make a rectangle 205 by 148 m.
The overhang on the three sides is up to 45 m.
The maximum dimensions in plan are 295 by 203 m with a central

opening of 121 by 73 m which is not placed symmetrically with
respect to the sides.
Four main beams link the towers and the secondary beams cross
over each other to form meshes of 37 by 41 m.
The above mentioned main structure is entirely welded together,

partly in the Workshop, partly on the Stadium site and partly when it
has been put into place.
Around the meshes, the secondary structures (called as rafts)

supporting the translucid roof covering are hung on the underside of
the beams.
Stansted airport, London
Architecturally, however, the most important part

of the structure is the grid of steel trees .which
support the lightweight, services-free roof.
Surprisingly, the roof was erected first, providing a

weatherproof enclosure for the construction of the
concrete beneath
One proposal was to use tensioned fabric panels

which could be tuned to absorb the different
frequencies of background noise in the concourse,
but this was soon rejected on the grounds of cost.
Perforated aluminum was the next option, but also
proved to be too expensive.
The final compromise was micro perforated

triangular steel trays, filled with a white lightreflective, sound absorbing quilt.
Space frames usually utilize a multidirectional

span, and are often used to accomplish long
spans with few supports.
ADVANTAGES OF SPACE FRAME

STRUCTURES
Provides complete freedom in large span areas while providing strong

resistance and economic efficiency.
Demountable steel elements are light and easy to handle, and their
assembly is safe and time saver.
Provides column-free space, aesthetic appearances and spectacular

qualities while offering flexibility and adaptability.
Satisfying the needs of an extremely diverse range of clients demands

from municipalities to aviation, from sport halls to shopping centers for
their own specific project needs.
Consequently, space frames can be built at a lower cost.
Uses exclusive assembly methods and organized according to

structural rules depending on deadline and the requests of the work
owner.
Ensuring the rigidity of materials, make up of elements able to transmit

compression or tention forces and utilising advantage of 3-D structural
behavior.
One of the most important advantages of a space structure is its

lightweight. Most space frames are now constructed with steel or
aluminum, which decreases considerably their self-weight.
The units of space frames are usually mass produced in the factory so
that they can take full advantage of the industrialized system of
construction. Space frames can be built from simple prefabricated
units, which are often of standard size and shape. Such units can be
easily transported and rapidly assembled on site by semi-skilled labor.
Advantages of space frame

systems over conventional
systems:
Random column placement
Column-free spaces
Controlled load distribution
Design freedom
Supports almost all types of roofing
Disadvantages:
Space frames are highly statically indeterminate, and their

analysis leads to extremely tedious computation,if done by hand.
The space frame has also the problem of connecting a large

number of members in space through different angles at a single
point.
Thank you
Reference:-
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Submitted By: 12602 Ankur 12617 Pratyush 12642 Himalya 12646 Badar

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In architecture and structural

In a most general way of speaking the

By using computer programs, it is possible to analyze very complex space

A space frame is a structure system assembled of linear elements so arranged

A space frame is usually arranged in an array of single, double, or multiple

The space frame can be formed on either a flat or a curved surface.

Types of space frames

I. Skeleton (braced) frame work

e.g. domes, barrel vaults, double and multiplier

ii. Stressed skin systems

e.g. Stressed skin folded plates, stressed skin domes

iii. Suspended (cable or membrane) structures

e.g. Cable roofs.

San Siro stadium, Milan

Structurally this is a grid of lattice beams 9,5 m high which rests on

The overhang on the three sides is up to 45 m.

The maximum dimensions in plan are 295 by 203 m with a central

The above mentioned main structure is entirely welded together,

Around the meshes, the secondary structures (called as rafts)

Stansted airport, London

Architecturally, however, the most important part

Surprisingly, the roof was erected first, providing a

One proposal was to use tensioned fabric panels

The final compromise was micro perforated

Space frames usually utilize a multidirectional

ADVANTAGES OF SPACE FRAME

Provides complete freedom in large span areas while providing strong

Provides column-free space, aesthetic appearances and spectacular

Satisfying the needs of an extremely diverse range of clients demands

Consequently, space frames can be built at a lower cost.

Uses exclusive assembly methods and organized according to

Ensuring the rigidity of materials, make up of elements able to transmit

One of the most important advantages of a space structure is its

Advantages of space frame

Controlled load distribution

Supports almost all types of roofing

Space frames are highly statically indeterminate, and their

The space frame has also the problem of connecting a large

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