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    Pulmonary Tuberculosis 2016

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    Nikka Moreen Dagdag
    Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is mainly spread through inhaling infectious droplets from someone with active PTB. Common symptoms include persistent cough with mucus or blood. Diagnosis involves sputum smear microscopy and culture. Treatment requires multiple antibiotics over 6-24 months. People with active PTB can spread the disease through coughing or sneezing, but sunlight and fresh air reduce transmission risk. Public education aims to correct myths and encourage regular medical checkups.

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    Pulmonary Tuberculosis 2016

    Uploaded by

    Nikka Moreen Dagdag
    303 views17 pages
    Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is mainly spread through inhaling infectious droplets from someone with active PTB. Common symptoms include persistent cough with mucus or blood. Diagnosis involves sputum smear microscopy and culture. Treatment requires multiple antibiotics over 6-24 months. People with active PTB can spread the disease through coughing or sneezing, but sunlight and fresh air reduce transmission risk. Public education aims to correct myths and encourage regular medical checkups.

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    Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is mainly spread through inhaling infectious droplets from someone with active PTB. Common symptoms include persistent cough with mucus or blood. Diagnosis involves sputum smear microscopy and culture. Treatment requires multiple antibiotics over 6-24 months. People with active PTB can spread the disease through coughing or sneezing, but sunlight and fresh air reduce transmission risk. Public education aims to correct myths and encourage regular medical checkups.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    303 views17 pages

    Pulmonary Tuberculosis 2016

    Uploaded by

    Nikka Moreen Dagdag
    Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is mainly spread through inhaling infectious droplets from someone with active PTB. Common symptoms include persistent cough with mucus or blood. Diagnosis involves sputum smear microscopy and culture. Treatment requires multiple antibiotics over 6-24 months. People with active PTB can spread the disease through coughing or sneezing, but sunlight and fresh air reduce transmission risk. Public education aims to correct myths and encourage regular medical checkups.

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    At a glance
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    Pulmonary tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is mainly acquired through inhalation. Common symptoms include persistent cough and weight loss. Treatment usually lasts 6-24 months.

    The most common symptom of pulmonary tuberculosis is persistent cough, productive of mucus and sometimes with blood (hemoptysis). Approximately 75% of patients complain of chronic cough and significant weight loss.

    Treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis uses antibiotics to kill the bacteria. It requires much longer periods of treatment, around 6 to 24 months, to entirely eliminate the mycobacteria from the body.

    PULMONARY

    TUBERCULOSIS
    Presented by:
    (Name of Physician)
    (Site)

    Pulmonary Tuberculosis

    PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS (PTB)


    is a disease caused by a bacteria called
    Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is mainly acquired
    by inhalation of infectious droplets containing viable
    tubercle bacilli

    Reference: DOH. http://www.doh.gov.ph/node/367.html

    Signs & Symptoms


    The most common symptom of
    pulmonary
    tuberculosis
    is
    persistent cough, productive of
    mucus and sometimes with blood
    (hemoptysis).
    Approximately 75% of the patients
    complain of chronic cough (2
    weeks or more) and significant
    weight loss.

    Sweats and chills, fatigue and body


    malaise,
    and
    fever
    are
    less
    consistently reported (about half of
    the patient population).
    Reference: CDC.

    Is Pulmonary Tuberculosis Contagious?


    Yes, when people with active
    pulmonary TB cough, sneeze,
    speak, sing or spit, they expel
    infectious aerosol droplets.
    A single sneeze can release up
    to 40,000 droplets. Each one of
    these droplets may transmit
    the
    disease,
    since
    the
    infectious dose of tuberculosis
    is very low and inhaling fewer
    than ten bacteria may
    cause an infection.
    Reference: CDC.

    Risk Factors
    The major factors that determine the risk of
    exposure to Mycobacterium Tubercle (MTB) include:
    Number of infectious cases in the community
    - If there is no MTB source, there will be no
    exposure and, therefore, there will be no PTB!
    Infectivity - Risk of developing the disease is
    directly proportional to the exposure to infected
    individuals.
    Early and adequate diagnosis and intervention
    decreases the risk of exposure of people in the
    community.
    Reference: CDC.

    Risk Factors
    Number
    and
    nature
    of
    interactions
    between
    an
    infectious case and a susceptible
    contact.
    Climatic Conditions - Outdoors,
    TB Bacilli expelled from respiratory
    tract of an infectious person are
    rapidly dispersed and are quickly
    rendered nonviable by sunlight.
    The risk for transmission during
    such encounter is very limited.

    Reference: CDC.

    PTB Diagnosis: Tests and Procedures


    Chest X-ray (CXR) cannot be used to definitively
    diagnose PTB. Patients consulting with CXR
    findings suggestive of PTB should undergo sputum
    microscopy regardless of symptoms
    Sputum microscopy for acid fast bacilli (or
    Sputum AFB) is the initial work-up of choice for PTB
    suspects
    Sputum TB culture with drug susceptibility
    testing (DST) is primarily recommended for
    patients who are at risk for drug resistance:
    All cases of retreatment / treatment failure
    Household
    contacts
    of
    patients
    with
    multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB)
    patients who may be infected with HIV

    Reference: http://www.slideshare.net/raissa_09/tuberculosis-20

    Test & Procedures


    Sputum smear examination is the preferred method for the
    diagnosis of PTB. No diagnosis of PTB shall be made based on
    the result of X-ray examinations alone. Skin tests for PTB
    infection (PPD skin tests) should not be used as a basis for the
    diagnosis of PTB in adults.
    Results of Sputum Microscopy are interpreted and
    reported as follows:
    SMEAR POSITIVE if at least two sputum specimens are
    AFB (+)
    SMEAR NEGATIVE if none of the specimens are AFB (+)
    DOUBTFUL When only one of the 3 sputum specimens is
    (+). In this case a second set sputum must be collected
    again. If at least one of the second three is (+), the
    diagnosis is now labelled SMEAR POSITIVE.

    Reference: Comprehensive and Unified Policy for TB Control in the

    Proper Sputum Collection


    Patient must be made aware of the importance of
    sputum quality. Mucus from the nose and throat and
    saliva from the mouth are not good specimens. The
    following are the steps to obtain a good specimen:
    Clean and thoroughly rinse
    the mouth with water.
    Breathe deeply 3 times.
    After the third breath, cough
    hard and try to bring up
    sputum from deep in the
    lungs.
    Expectorate sputum into a
    clean container with a wellfitted cap.
    Collect
    at
    least
    1
    teaspoonful (5-10ml).
    Examine the specimen to
    see thatReference:
    it is CDC.
    nothttp://www.bccdc.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E6572A06-EA63-41A1-9BA5just saliva.

    Prevention
    To prevent the spread of TB to other family members
    and the community:

    The infected person must


    cover his/her mouth and
    nose when coughing or
    sneezing.

    Allow sunshine and fresh air


    into the home. As much as
    possible keep windows and
    doors open.

    N95 mask is the proper


    personal protective device
    Reference: MAYO CLINIC. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseasesthat can be used.

    Treatment
    Treatment for TB uses antibiotics to kill the
    bacteria.
    TB requires much longer periods of treatment
    (around 6 to 24 months) to entirely eliminate
    the PTB
    mycobacteria
    drugs: from the body.

    R ifampicin
    I soniazid
    P yrazinamide
    E thambutol
    S treptomycin

    Reference: CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/treatment/de

    Return to Work
    Decisions about infectiousness of a person on treatment
    of TB should always be individualized on the basis of the
    following:
    The extent of illness.
    The presence of cavitary pulmonary disease.
    The degree of positivity of sputum AFB smear results.
    The frequency and strength of cough.
    The likelihood of infection with multi-drug resistant
    organisms.
    The nature and circumstances of the contact between
    the infected person and exposed contacts.

    Reference: CDC.

    Myths & False Perceptions


    Only thin people get TB
    TB is acquired from using the
    eating utensils of a TB-infected
    person, or from food.
    TB is inherited.
    TB is acquired from having sex.

    Reference: WHO.

    What You Can Do?


    Take charge of your health and live a
    healthy life. Always seek the advice of
    your Medical Clinic Team.
    Attend to your Annual Medical Check-up
    and have the results interpreted by your
    onsite physician.
    Do a regular follow-up check-up.

    1. The most common symptom of pulmonary


    tuberculosis is persistent cough, productive of mucus
    and sometimes with blood (hemoptysis).
    2. PTB requires much longer periods of treatment
    (around 6 to 24 months) to entirely eliminate the
    mycobacteria from the body.
    3. TB is NOT acquired from using the eating
    utensils of a TB-infected person, or from food.

    QUESTIONS/CLARIFICATIONS

    End of
    Presentation
    ActiveOne Health, Inc.
    6th Floor Port Royal Building
    118 Rada Street
    LegaspiVillage,MakatiCity1229 Philippines
    (02) 893-2925
    activeonehealth.com

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