Conceptual Models of Nursing Practice

Conceptual
Models of
Nursing Practice
Introduction to models - Holistic
Model, Health Belief Model, Health
Promotion Model
A conceptual model is defined as a
set of concepts, and statements

that integrate the concepts into a
Definition
meaningful
configuration.
Eg:
Theory of disease causation (Agent,

Host, Environment), Communication
Model, Maslows Hierrarchy needs.
Concepts Basic needs, Body temp, Smoking

habits
Poor environment may cause diseases to animal and

man.
Eg. Viral infection spreading from one to another
Concepts
Communication Process / Model

Environment
FEEDBACK
Statements: Simple
and clear message is essential for better
communication
Maslows Hierrarchy Needs
1. A
set
of
beliefs
and
values
(Philosophy Respect for humanity,

Treating patient as whole)
Componen
ts of
Nursing
Models
2. A statement of the goal the nurse is

trying to achieve (Objectives short
term and long term)
3. The knowledge and skills the nurse
needs to practise (Pearson et al,
1996).
Person
Central
Concepts
of all
Nursing
Models
(Fawcett,
1995)
(Nursing
Paradigm)
The
recipient
of
nursing
actions
Environment The recipients specific
surroundings
Health The wellness or illness state of
the recipient
Nursing Actions taken by nurses on
behalf
of
recipient
or
in
conjunction
with
Holistic nursing is a practice of

nursing that focuses on healing
Holistic
Model
the whole person.

This practice recognizes that a
person is not simply his or her
illness.
Holistic
Holistic
Model
healing
addresses
the
interconnectedness of the mind,

body,
spirit,
social/cultural,
emotions, relationships, context,

and environment.
All of these aspects combine to

create the person, so in order to
Holistic
Model
heal
the
person,
the
holistic
nurse looks at all aspects and

how they can affect the patient's
health.
The
field
combines
nursing
knowledge, theory, intuition, and
Holistic
Model
experience as a guide for building

a relationship with the patient to
increase
health.
healing
and
promote
Holistic
nurses
alternative
often
integrate
medicine
and
practices into their nursing care.
Holistic
Model
These
practices
address
the
patient's physical needs, as well

as
their
psychological
spiritual needs.
and
Holistic View
Holistic nursing doesn't try to

question the validity of traditional
medicine practices.
Holistic
Model
Instead, it tries to complement

and broaden them to better help
the patient during his or her
recovery.
Nurses use their own experiences

as a foundation for their care,
Holistic
Model
integrating
the
patient's
experiences, as well as social,

cultural, and spiritual values, to
treat the whole person rather
than just the illness.
Holistic also acknowledges that

relationships are everywhere, and
humans can affect other humans.
Holistic
Model
This concept is included in the

nurse's care plan, using self-care,
self-responsibility, and reflection
to help the patient get healthy.
Because holistic nurses focus on the

interconnectedness of the patient with his
or her world, it often leads the nurse to
have a deeper understanding of that
Holistic
Model
interconnectedness, as well as the nurse's

interconnectedness with his or her own
world.
The
nurse
can
then
use
that
understanding and awareness to better

care for the patient.
Due
to
the
nature
of
holistic
nursing, it is often considered way

more than a nursing practice.
Holistic
Model
It affects every aspect of the nurse,
even outside his or her job, and

becomes a philosophy and lifestyle.
Holistic
Model
A liberal arts or alternative

medicine background is very
beneficial to holistic nursing.
Both
give
a
well-rounded
foundation of education and
experience, which allows the
nurse to expand his or her mind,
increase critical thinking skills,
and grow on a personal level.
It includes nursing interventions such as

music
therapy,
massage
therapy,
laughter therapy, biofeed back, guided
Holistic
Model
imagery.
By having knowledge nurses can assist
their client in making choices to promote
health Quality care improves patients
satisfaction and Health.
This
model
explains
the
relationship between the persons
Health
Belief Model
belief and behaviour.

Developed by Rosenstoch in 1947
and Becker and Maiman in 1975.
This model helped to understand

clients
Health
Belief Model
behaviour
towards
his
health and also how he adjust

with
services.
interventions/
health
1. Individual perceptions
Health
Belief Model
Component
s
2. Individuals perception of the

seriousness of the illness
3. The likelihood of action
4. Nursing implication
It means how individual perceive
Health
Belief Model
Component
s 1.
Individual
perceptions
or feel about developing illness.

For
eg.,
from
past
two
generations, family member died

with DM. Now the offspring and
third generation may perceive
himself as susceptible to DM.
Health
Belief Model
Component
s 2.
Individuals
perception
of the
seriousness
of the
illness
It means how much serious is the

illness from which client suffer.
Such perception is influence by
the
psychological
factors,
complications/recovery of illness,
and advice of close relatives as
well as demographic factors.
Health
Belief Model
Component
s 3. The
likelihood of
action
Likelihood of action may be taking

preventive
control,
measures
diet
control,
(weight
regular
exercise, regular check up, life style

modifications) or barriers to take
action.
Health
Health
Belief Model
Component
s 4.
Nursing
Implication
belief
relationship
model
explains
between
the
clients
behaviour and beliefs.

It helps the nurses to understand
clients belief and perception about
health
which
will
help
her
in
preventing diseases and promoting

health of client.
This model was proposed by Pender

in 1982.
Health
Promotion
Model
It
defines
dynamic
health
state,
as
not
positive,
merely
the
absence of disease.
It means if client is not having
disease, we cannot say he is healthy.
Dynamic means changeable. Here the
Health
Promotion
Model
level of health is positive which may

vary.
Health promotion is proceeded to
promote clients level of wellbeing.
Health
Promotion
Model
Health promotion model describes the

multidimensional nature of persons as
they interact within their environment
to pursue health.
1. Clients cognitive perceptual factors
Health
Promotion
Model Three areas
2. Modifying factors
3. Participation in health promoting
behaviours
Health
Promotion
Model Three areas
1. Clients cognitive perceptual

factors:
It
means
what
perceives about own feelings.
client
Health
Promotion
Model Three areas
2. Modifying factors: Factors which

can
be
changed/flexible.
Such
as
demographic factors and social factors.
3.
Health
Promotion
Model Three areas
Participation
in
health
promoting behaviours: Action taken

towards health promotion.
This
model
explains
why
individuals/human beings are engaged

in health promotion acitivities.
Health
Promotion
Model Three areas
Nurses knowledge on this model

Helps
in
strengthening
the
clients
perception towards health promoting

factors.

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Conceptual

A conceptual model is defined as a

set of concepts, and statements

Theory of disease causation (Agent,

Concepts Basic needs, Body temp, Smoking

Poor environment may cause diseases to animal and

Communication Process / Model

Maslows Hierrarchy Needs

(Philosophy Respect for humanity,

2. A statement of the goal the nurse is

Holistic nursing is a practice of

the whole person.

interconnectedness of the mind,

emotions, relationships, context,

All of these aspects combine to

nurse looks at all aspects and

knowledge, theory, intuition, and

experience as a guide for building

practices into their nursing care.

patient's physical needs, as well

Holistic nursing doesn't try to

Instead, it tries to complement

Nurses use their own experiences

experiences, as well as social,

Holistic also acknowledges that

This concept is included in the

Because holistic nurses focus on the

interconnectedness, as well as the nurse's

understanding and awareness to better

nursing, it is often considered way

It affects every aspect of the nurse,

even outside his or her job, and

A liberal arts or alternative

It includes nursing interventions such as

laughter therapy, biofeed back, guided

relationship between the persons

belief and behaviour.

This model helped to understand

health and also how he adjust

2. Individuals perception of the

It means how individual perceive

or feel about developing illness.

generations, family member died

It means how much serious is the

Likelihood of action may be taking

exercise, regular check up, life style

behaviour and beliefs.

preventing diseases and promoting

This model was proposed by Pender

Dynamic means changeable. Here the

level of health is positive which may

Health promotion model describes the

1. Clients cognitive perceptual factors

1. Clients cognitive perceptual

perceives about own feelings.

2. Modifying factors: Factors which

demographic factors and social factors.