Civil Engineering Projects

CIVIL ENGINEERING
PROJECTS
INTRODUCTION
FEASIBILITY STUDY
WHAT IS A FEASIBILITY STUDY?

-It is a method to identify suitable solutions for a
problem.
WHAT IS A FEASIBILITY STUDY?

It is a critical evaluation to determine whether the
development process of a project are feasible,
achievable, affordable and sustainable in the medium
and longer term
Feasibility studies are a practical mechanism to choose
between options.
A feasibility study is conducted during the early planning
stages of a project life cycle, but has to give guidance to
the full project life cycle, including design standards,
project implementation and operating management.
The feasibility study must ensure successful and
sustainable service delivery to the end user/customers.
FEASIBILITY - SUSTAINABILITY
Sustainability implies assurance of long term
service provision by assuring sustainability with
regard to all supporting elements:
source
technical
maintenance
operations
institutional
social
health and environmental
WHY DO WE DO FEASIBILITY STUDIES?
A feasibility study reduces the risk of making poor

decisions and increases your success. It gives you
an objective and independent view of your ideas
potential and enables you to make informed
decisions about how it could be launched.
WHY DO WE DO FEASIBILITY STUDIES?
Seeks to find out if and to what degree the project is desirable in

technical, economical, social, environmental, financial, and
operational terms.
Looks into alternative schemes to attain the projects objectives
Determines whether project would generate sufficient benefits

to offset estimated investment and operating costs
Ascertains which alternatives would yield the largest possible

return
Consists of the various investigations and analyses necessary to

determine whether the project is worth carrying out how it is to
be carried out.
THINGS TO BE STUDIED IN A FEASIBILITY

STUDY
The present organizational system
Stakeholders, users, policies, functions, objectives,
Problems with the present system
inconsistencies, inadequacies in functionality, performance,
Goals and other requirements for the new system
Which problem(s) need to be solved?
What would the stakeholders like to achieve?
Constraints
Possible alternatives
Sticking with the current system is always an alternative
Different business processes for solving the problems
Different levels/types of computerization for the solutions
Advantages and disadvantages of the alternatives
STAGES OF FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS

Pre-feasibility Study
Feasibility Study
the two are similar differing mainly in the degree of

detail and accuracy involved.
PRE-FEASIBILITY LEVEL
Alternative ways of carrying-out the project should be

examined at a relatively speedy and economical
manner.
Alternatives found to be highly unfeasible are

immediately screened out to reduce the number of
solutions to be subjected to the subsequent detailed
F.S.
FEASIBILITY STUDY LEVEL

Depending on the results of the prefeasibility, any of the
following decisions may be taken:
Reject the project

Defer conduct of the feasibility study
Proceed directly to detailed design and implementation
Conduct a detailed feasibility study
A detailed feasibility study

is necessary only if the results of the
pre-feasibility analysis indicate any of

the following:
More detailed information is required to produce more

conclusive results.
Alternative schemes of the project are nearly of the same
degree feasibility and/or show marginal feasibility.
New alternative solutions have emerged whose feasibility
need to be ascertained through more detailed analysis.
FEASIBILITY STUDY TEAM COMPOSITION
Team Leader
Economists
General
Transport
Agricultural/Development
Engineers
Highway
Bridge/Structural/Drainage
Materials
Traffic
Cost Estimator
Environmentalist / Sociologist
PROJECT LIFE CYCLE
1. PROJECT IDENTIFICATION
Project is usually identified and prioritized from PMS and

BMS outputs, area development surveys, master plans and
regional development plan, sector and industry studies,
etc. undertaken by the DPWH and other concerned
entities such as National Economic and Development
Authority (NEDA), Regional Development Council (RDCs),
etc.
Searching for potential demand satisfying investments that

will be required and subject of a feasibility study
2. PROJECT PREPARATION
PROJECT FEASIBILITY STUDY
Once
project is identified, a feasibility study is undertaken.
This
consists of the various investigations and analyses necessary to

determine whether the project is worth carrying out how it is to be
carried out.
Seeks
to find out if and to what degree the project is desirable in

technical, economical, social, environmental, financial, and
operational terms.
Looks
into alternative schemes to attain the projects objectives
Determines
whether project would generate sufficient benefits to

offset estimated investment and operating costs
Ascertains
which alternatives would yield the largest possible return
PROJECT FEASIBILITY STUDY
Meets conventional feasibility criteria i.e. appropriate

engineering design and estimates with +/-20% accuracy,
and an economic internal rate of return (EIRR) of at least
15%
Study must include: (a) an Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) based on which an Environmental
Compliance Certificate (ECC) which must be secured from
the DENR; (b) where necessary, a Resettlement Action
Plan (RAP) to provide for the proper compensation and
relocation of the project-affected persons; and (c) an
endorsement from the RDC that the project is consistent
with the development priorities of the region
DETAILED ENGINEERING
Consists
of the various technical surveys and investigations, such

as topographic surveys, soil borings, and hydrologic surveys, and
design operations needed to define the detailed physical
characteristics of the project, according to accepted engineering
standards to an extent suitable for bidding purposes and with a
degree of detail that will enable estimates of quantities and costs to
be made within plus or minus 10% of the final figures.
Includes
the preparation of bid documents, including plans,

specifications, instructions to bidders, draft contract terms and
conditions, bill of quantities, cost estimates and price analyses.
Parcellary
surveys are also undertaken to define the right-of-way

needed and the properties affected.
For
FAPs, Consultants are generally hired to do the detailed

engineering in accordance with the procurement guidelines of the
IFI as stated in the loan agreement.
3. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
a.
Fund Releases
b.
Right-of-Way (ROW) Acquisition (Note: often frontloaded

during detailed engineering stage)
c.
Bidding and Contracting
d.
Construction
e.
Completion and Acceptance
3. PROJECT OPERATION AND

EVALUATION
a.
Operation and Maintenance (Asset Preservation, and

Project Sustainability)
b.
Impact Evaluation or Post-Project Appraisal
Attempts to assess if and to what extent the completed

facility performs the functions as intended
Includes an assessment of the actual benefits and cost

arising from the completed project, as against those
assumed or projected during the project study,
covering the technical, economic, social, and
environmental impact.
The lessons learned will be used to revised or finetune

the parameters, assumptions, and conditions in the
preparation and implementation of the future projects
to improve their planning, implementation, operation
KEY FEASIBILITY EVALUATION CHECK
PROCEDURES IN CONDUCTING
FEASIBILITY STUDY:
Pre Implementation Activities
Survey Proper (Data Gathering, Surveys and
Investigation)
Data Analysis (Social, Technical, Environmental)
Plan Formulation (Design Plan, Qty and Cost and
Imp. Schedule
Evaluation (Social, Technical, Economic)
Conclusion/Recommendation (Findings)
OBJECTIVES THAT MUST BE MET BY A

FEASIBILITY STUDY
Learn more about the clients/stakeholders need
Clearly define your goal/solution for the need
Determine how much revenue/benefit will be
generated
Find out the total cost and general technical
requirements.
CLASS REQUIREMENT/ACTIVITY
1. Project/Problem Identification
Output: Project Rationale/Introduction

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CIVIL ENGINEERING

WHAT IS A FEASIBILITY STUDY?

WHAT IS A FEASIBILITY STUDY?

WHY DO WE DO FEASIBILITY STUDIES?

A feasibility study reduces the risk of making poor

WHY DO WE DO FEASIBILITY STUDIES?

Seeks to find out if and to what degree the project is desirable in

Looks into alternative schemes to attain the projects objectives

Determines whether project would generate sufficient benefits

Ascertains which alternatives would yield the largest possible

Consists of the various investigations and analyses necessary to

THINGS TO BE STUDIED IN A FEASIBILITY

STAGES OF FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS

the two are similar differing mainly in the degree of

Alternative ways of carrying-out the project should be

Alternatives found to be highly unfeasible are

FEASIBILITY STUDY LEVEL

Reject the project

A detailed feasibility study

pre-feasibility analysis indicate any of

More detailed information is required to produce more

FEASIBILITY STUDY TEAM COMPOSITION

PROJECT LIFE CYCLE

Project is usually identified and prioritized from PMS and

Searching for potential demand satisfying investments that

project is identified, a feasibility study is undertaken.

consists of the various investigations and analyses necessary to

to find out if and to what degree the project is desirable in

into alternative schemes to attain the projects objectives

whether project would generate sufficient benefits to

which alternatives would yield the largest possible return

Meets conventional feasibility criteria i.e. appropriate

Study must include: (a) an Environmental Impact

of the various technical surveys and investigations, such

the preparation of bid documents, including plans,

surveys are also undertaken to define the right-of-way

FAPs, Consultants are generally hired to do the detailed

Right-of-Way (ROW) Acquisition (Note: often frontloaded

Bidding and Contracting

Completion and Acceptance

3. PROJECT OPERATION AND

Operation and Maintenance (Asset Preservation, and

Impact Evaluation or Post-Project Appraisal

Attempts to assess if and to what extent the completed

Includes an assessment of the actual benefits and cost

The lessons learned will be used to revised or finetune

KEY FEASIBILITY EVALUATION CHECK

OBJECTIVES THAT MUST BE MET BY A

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