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    City Forms

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    SivaRaman
    1) City forms can take different shapes such as concentric, gridiron, and linear depending on geographical and historical factors. The concentric form features rings radiating from a central core while the gridiron form uses a grid of intersecting streets. 2) Models of urban land use and growth include the concentric zone model which proposes zones arranged in rings around the city center, the sector model featuring sectors influenced by transportation routes, and the multiple nuclei model with several centers rather than one central business district. 3) Case studies demonstrate examples like Moscow growing in concentric rings and Chandigarh organized into sectors as planned cities while organic cities like San Francisco combine grid and irregular forms.

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    City Forms

    Uploaded by

    SivaRaman
    1K views30 pages
    1) City forms can take different shapes such as concentric, gridiron, and linear depending on geographical and historical factors. The concentric form features rings radiating from a central core while the gridiron form uses a grid of intersecting streets. 2) Models of urban land use and growth include the concentric zone model which proposes zones arranged in rings around the city center, the sector model featuring sectors influenced by transportation routes, and the multiple nuclei model with several centers rather than one central business district. 3) Case studies demonstrate examples like Moscow growing in concentric rings and Chandigarh organized into sectors as planned cities while organic cities like San Francisco combine grid and irregular forms.

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    1) City forms can take different shapes such as concentric, gridiron, and linear depending on geographical and historical factors. The concentric form features rings radiating from a central core while the gridiron form uses a grid of intersecting streets. 2) Models of urban land use and growth include the concentric zone model which proposes zones arranged in rings around the city center, the sector model featuring sectors influenced by transportation routes, and the multiple nuclei model with several centers rather than one central business district. 3) Case studies demonstrate examples like Moscow growing in concentric rings and Chandigarh organized into sectors as planned cities while organic cities like San Francisco combine grid and irregular forms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    1K views30 pages

    City Forms

    Uploaded by

    SivaRaman
    1) City forms can take different shapes such as concentric, gridiron, and linear depending on geographical and historical factors. The concentric form features rings radiating from a central core while the gridiron form uses a grid of intersecting streets. 2) Models of urban land use and growth include the concentric zone model which proposes zones arranged in rings around the city center, the sector model featuring sectors influenced by transportation routes, and the multiple nuclei model with several centers rather than one central business district. 3) Case studies demonstrate examples like Moscow growing in concentric rings and Chandigarh organized into sectors as planned cities while organic cities like San Francisco combine grid and irregular forms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 30

    CITY FORM IN THE CONTEXT OF

    DEVELOPED AND developing


    COUNTRIES

    Structure

    Introduction
    city
    city forms

    Types of city forms


    The Radio centric city
    The gridiron city
    The linear city

    City growth
    Ecological models of urban land use
    model
    Concentric Model
    Sector Model
    Multi nuclei Model

    Introduction |

    A city is a group of people and a number of permanent


    structures within a limited geographical area, so organized as to
    facilitate the interchange of goods and services among its
    residents and with the outside world.
    The settlements grew into villages, villages transformed into
    cities.
    Cities created when large number of people live together, in a
    specific geographic location leading to the Creation of urban
    areas.
    Cities exist for many reasons, and the diversity of urban forms
    depends on the complex functions that cities perform.

    What is meant by cities?

    Introduction |
    Urban Form refers to the physical layout and design of the city
    spatial imprint of an urban transport system
    adjacent physical infrastructures.
    Jointly, they confer a level of spatial arrangement to cities.
    Urban form or city form defined as the spatial pattern of human activities at a certain point
    in time.

    What is urban form ?

    Factors influencing city form |

    What is meant by factors ?

    Types of city form |


    The Radio centric (concentric)
    city
    Geographical possibilities of spreading in all directions.
    Radio centric - Radiate outward from a common centre.
    Inner Outer ring roads linked by radiating roads.
    Core has business area.
    Industrial area interspersed within the residential.
    Periphery has green belts.
    Example : Washington DC, Pre-industrial Baghdad in Iraq.

    What is concentric?

    Types of city form |

    CASE STUDY
    The Radio
    MASCOW

    centric

    (concentric)

    cityMoscow, the world


    biggest Megapolis
    (Russian Moskva) is the
    capital of Russia.
    The city grew in a
    pattern of rings and
    radials that marked
    Moscow's growth from
    ancient time to modern
    layout.
    The center of all rings is
    Moscow Kremlin and
    famous Red Square.

    Moscow, 1893

    What is case study ?

    Types of city form |

    CASE STUDY
    The Radio
    MASCOW

    centric

    (concentric)

    city

    Successive epochs of
    development are
    traced by the

    The Boulevard
    Ring and

    The Garden Ring,

    The Moscow
    Little Ring
    Railway,

    And the Moscow


    Ring Road.

    Moscow, at present

    What is case study ?

    Types of city form |


    The Grid iron city
    It is composed of straight streets crossing at
    right angles to create many regular city blocks.
    This form is typical of cities built after the
    industrial revolution because only then did
    cities place such importance on economic
    activity.
    A city grid iron plan facilitates the movement of
    people and product throughout the city.

    What is grid iron ?

    Types of city form |

    CASE STUDY-1

    The Grid iron city - chandigarh


    The

    primary

    module

    of

    The

    sector

    citys design is a Sector, a

    of recreations .

    between
    depending

    topography

    It is a self-sufficient unit

    of

    the

    area.

    school,

    health centres and places

    of

    upon sizes of plots and

    800 m X1200 m.
    shops,

    varies

    3000-20000

    neighbourhood unit of size

    having

    population

    The shopping street of


    each sector is linked to
    the

    adjoining

    sectors

    thus forming one long,


    continuous ribbon .

    CHANDIGARH

    The

    central

    green

    of

    What is case study ?

    Types of city form |

    CASE STUDY-2

    The Grid iron city - San Francisco


    San Francisco was designed
    to accommodate outrageous
    number of people that came
    to the city during the Gold
    Rush.
    It was laid out in a grid
    pattern imposed on a city of
    hills built on the end of a
    peninsula.
    Both grids and irregular
    forms can be seen in San
    Francisco.

    DowntownSan
    Franciscois extremely
    dense.
    The planning
    commission split
    downtown into four
    separate zones with
    different purposes.
    Office District
    Retail District
    General
    Commercial District
    Support District

    San Francisco

    What is case study ?

    Types of city form |


    The linear city

    What is linear ?

    Types of city form |


    The linear city
    Initially proposed by Soria Y Mata.
    Expand the city along the spine of transport
    The Linear City concept is a Conscious Form Of
    Urban Developmentwith Housing And Industry
    Growing Along TheHighway Between existing cities
    and contained by the continuous open space of the
    rural countryside.
    Advantages
    Disadvantages
    High accessibility
    adaptability to linear growth
    useful along the limited edge.

    Very sensitive to blockage


    requires control of growth
    lacks focus,
    The choice of connection or of
    direction of movement are
    much less.

    What is linear ?

    Types of city form |

    CASE STUDY-1

    The linear city Navi Mumbai


    The growth of Mumbai city is
    constrained by sea at south, east and
    west. As a result total land area
    available for development of Mumbai is
    limited.
    The cost of real estate and housing in
    Navi Mumbai is much less than costs in
    Mumbai and sub-urban areas.

    As a result a large
    population of service
    class and middle class

    shifted

    population
    to Navi Mumbai.

    Many government and corporate offices


    have been shifted from Mumbai to Navi
    Mumbai .
    the Taloja and Thane Belapur
    Industrial Belt of Navi Mumbaioffer
    job opportunities of every conceivable
    kind - from engineers to mechanics
    toclerksto
    Navi
    Mumbaipeons.
    ( an alternative to Navi Mumbai )

    What is case study ?

    CASE STUDY Copenhagen city

    Types of city form |


    Radial City, Finger City, The Urban
    Star

    CASE STUDY
    Map of the fortress in the 17th century

    Types of city form |


    Radial City, Finger City, The Urban
    Star

    CASE STUDY
    Tokyo with two Loop
    structure

    Types of city form |


    Lobe structure

    CASE STUDY
    Ebenezer Howards GARDEN CITY

    Types of city form |


    decentralized concentration

    Satellite city

    Types of city form |

    STUDY

    Land Use Pattern-Shapes


    Linear
    Usually the result of natural topography which restricts growth; may also be a transportation
    spine.
    Branch
    A linear span with connecting arms.
    Sheet
    A vast urban area with little or no articulation.
    Articulated sheet
    A sheet accented by one or more central clusters and several subclusters.
    Constellation
    A series of nearly equal sized cities in close proximity
    Satellite
    Constellation of cities around a main cluster

    City growth

    Growth
    According to urbanist HANS BLUMENFELD, cities can grow in any of
    three ways:
    Outward (expanding horizontally)
    Upward (expanding vertically)
    Toward greater density (expanding interstitially)
    As long as intra city traffic moved only by foot or hoof, possibilities of
    horizontal and vertical expansion were strictly limited.
    Growth was mainly interstitial, filling up every square yard of vacant
    land left between buildings.
    With the advent of the elevator and the steel frame, the vertical growth
    of skyscrapers began.
    Suburbs spread out horizontally along streetcar and bus lines and
    around suburban railroad stations, surrounded by wide-open spaces.

    What is growth ?

    Ecological urban land-use Model|


    Concentric zone model
    Developed in 1925 by Ernest w. Burgess.
    Cities grow radially outward away from a single centre.
    Different land uses are distributed like concentric rings around the city
    centre.
    They are: CBD, zone in transition, low-class residential zone, middleclass residential zone, high-class residential zone.

    Criticisms about concentric zone theory


    Physical features - land may restrict growth of certain sectors
    Commuter villages defy the theory, being in the commuter zone but
    located far from the city
    Decentralization of shops, manufacturing industry, and entertainment
    It assumes an isotropic plain - an even, unchanging landscape

    What is model ?

    Ecological urban land-use Model|


    Concentric zone model

    What is model ?

    Ecological urban land-use Model|


    Sector model
    Developed in 1939 by Homer Hoyt ,states that a city develops in
    sectors, not rings
    All land uses except the CBD form sectors around the city centre.
    The land use zones are influenced by radial transport routes.
    High-rental and low-rental areas repel one another.

    Criticisms about sector model


    Applies well to Chicago.
    Low cost housing is near industry and transportation proving Hoyts
    model
    Theory based on 20th century and does not take into account cars
    which make commerce easier
    With cars, people can live anywhere and further from the city and still

    What is model ?

    Ecological urban land-use Model|


    Sector model

    What is model ?

    CASE STUDY-1

    Ecological urban land-use Model|


    Sector model- Gandhinagar
    GANDHINAGAR is planned to function
    mainly as administrative center for
    the state.

    The sectors are numbered from 1 to


    30 and they are formed by seven
    roads running in each direction and
    cutting each other perpendicularly.

    They are planned on


    the neighborhood
    concept in two
    phases:
    First Phase - The
    basic amenities were
    constructed.
    Second phase constructions
    of
    capital
    complex,
    sports
    complex,
    town halls, research
    institution, cinemas,
    cultural
    centers,
    residential
    bungalows etc.

    What is model ?

    Ecological urban land-use Model|


    Multiple nuclei model
    A model of urban land use in which a city grows from several
    independent points rather than from one central business district.
    Apart from the CBD, there are several separated, secondary centres.
    Certain functions require specialised facilities or sites, e.g. a port
    district needs a suitable waterfront.
    Similar functions may group together for agglomeration economies.

    Criticisms about the Multiple nuclei model


    Negligence of height of buildings.
    Non-existence of abrupt divisions between zones.
    No consideration of influence of physical relief and government policy.
    The concepts may not be totally applicable to oriental cities with
    different cultural, economic and political backgrounds.

    What is model ?

    Ecological urban land-use Model|


    Multiple nuclei model

    What is model ?

    Ecological urban land-use Model|


    Multiple nuclei model

    What is model ?

    Ecological urban land-use Model|


    Radial to multi-nuclei or polycentric city form
    Delhi

    References|
    Website and books

    Cities and Urban Life By John J. Macionis And Vincent N. Parrillo


    Good City Form Kelvin Lynch
    www.urbanform.org
    www.cityform.mit.edu
    www.ocw.mit.edu Courses Architecture
    www.urbanmodel.com
    www.cs.toronto.edu/~mes/russia/moscow/description.html
    www.sf-planning.org
    jnnurm.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/CDP_Delhi.pdf
    chandigarh.gov.in/knowchd_gen_plan.htm
    www.cidco.maharashtra.gov.in/NM_Developmentplan.aspx

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