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    Technology and Applications of Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Voyage Data Recorder (VDR)

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    Salam Alecu
    Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Voyage Data Recorder (VDR) are shipboard technologies that improve maritime safety. AIS automatically shares a ship's identification, position and other data with nearby vessels and shore stations. VDR records ship operations data like navigation, audio and radar for use in investigations. International regulations require most ships to carry AIS and certain ship types must have VDR. While improving safety, the technologies have limitations like AIS's limited range and differing data reported between systems.

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    Technology and Applications of Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Voyage Data Recorder (VDR)

    Uploaded by

    Salam Alecu
    101 views28 pages
    Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Voyage Data Recorder (VDR) are shipboard technologies that improve maritime safety. AIS automatically shares a ship's identification, position and other data with nearby vessels and shore stations. VDR records ship operations data like navigation, audio and radar for use in investigations. International regulations require most ships to carry AIS and certain ship types must have VDR. While improving safety, the technologies have limitations like AIS's limited range and differing data reported between systems.

    Original Description:

    PREZENTARE AIS SI VDR

    Original Title

    Prezentare AIS Si VDR

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    Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Voyage Data Recorder (VDR) are shipboard technologies that improve maritime safety. AIS automatically shares a ship's identification, position and other data with nearby vessels and shore stations. VDR records ship operations data like navigation, audio and radar for use in investigations. International regulations require most ships to carry AIS and certain ship types must have VDR. While improving safety, the technologies have limitations like AIS's limited range and differing data reported between systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    101 views28 pages

    Technology and Applications of Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Voyage Data Recorder (VDR)

    Uploaded by

    Salam Alecu
    Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Voyage Data Recorder (VDR) are shipboard technologies that improve maritime safety. AIS automatically shares a ship's identification, position and other data with nearby vessels and shore stations. VDR records ship operations data like navigation, audio and radar for use in investigations. International regulations require most ships to carry AIS and certain ship types must have VDR. While improving safety, the technologies have limitations like AIS's limited range and differing data reported between systems.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    Technology and Applications of

    Automatic Identification System (AIS)


    and Voyage Data Recorder (VDR)

    Ocean Systems Inc.

    SOCP Presentation

    March

    Contents

    What are AIS and VDR ?


    Why have AIS and VDR ?
    Carriage requirements by IMO and USCG
    Technology of AIS and its implications

    Distance limitation
    Not all ships carrying AIS
    Different Data sources (Gyro, GPS SOG vs SOW)

    Technology of VDR and its implications

    Data, bridge audio, radar video


    Protected Data Capsule
    Applications to improve Maritime safety as well as efficiency
    of ship operations.

    What is AIS

    Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a Shipboard broadcast transponder system

    Operates in the VHF maritime band

    Automatically sends ship information such as identification, position, heading, length, beam, type,
    draught, and other safety-related information, to other ships as well as to shore based stations

    Short navigation safety messages to be transmitted either to a specific ship or to all ships in the area

    The effective range will depend on antenna heights similar to VHF communications and radar horizons.
    In most cases, at least a twenty-mile range can be expected

    What is VDR

    Voyage Data Recorder (VDR) is a Shipboard Black Box recoding system


    Records navigation, rudder, engine and alarm data
    Records Bridge conversation, VHF radio communication
    Records radar video images
    Retains minimum of 12 hours of recording in a Protected Data Capsule (PDC)
    Protected Data Capsule is fixed on the ship and will survive 6K meters deep sea immersion and 1100 deg
    C high temperature fire for one hour
    Same criteria applies for float-free version

    Why have AIS and VDR


    There can be no doubt that AIS will enhance safety at sea, the efficiency of navigation and the

    protection of the marine environment. With the implementation of AIS as a supplement to existing
    navigational systems on board ships there will be a significant impact on the marine industry over
    the next few years.

    The purpose of a Voyage Data Recorder (VDR) is to maintain a store, in a secure and retrievable
    form, of information concerning the position, movement, physical status, command and control of
    a vessel over the period leading up to, and following, an incident having an impact thereon. This
    information is for use during any subsequent investigation to identify the cause(s) of the incident.

    Who need AIS


    Type of ships

    IMO
    US
    SOLAS Chapter V Security Act 11/02

    New Ships
    (>300 tons)

    Date of build

    Date of build

    Tanker/Passen.
    (Internation)

    1/7/2003 to
    31/12/2004

    1 July 2003

    Other Ships
    (International)

    1 July 2004

    1 December 2004

    Other Ships
    (Domestic)

    1 July 2004- 1
    July 2008

    1 December 2004

    Who need VDR


    Type of
    Ships

    IMO
    (New)

    IMO
    (Existing)

    European Union
    (New & Exist)

    Passenger

    1 July
    2002

    1 January
    2004

    1 February
    2003

    Ro-Ro

    1 July
    2002

    1 July
    2002

    1 February
    2003

    High Speed 1 July


    2002

    1 July
    2002

    1 February
    2003

    All others 1 July


    > 3000 tons 2002

    To be
    Determined

    To be
    Determined

    AIS Information Exchange Summary


    Dynamic data

    MMSI number
    Position
    (latitude/longitude
    in WGS 84)
    Course and speed
    over ground
    Heading
    Rate of turn
    Navigational status
    Position accuracy
    Time stamp

    Static data

    MMSI number
    IMO Number
    Name of the
    ship
    Call sign
    Length and
    Beam
    Type of Ship
    Location of the
    GPS antenna on
    the ship

    Voyage Related
    Data

    Ships draught
    Type of cargo
    Destination
    Estimated time of arrival
    (Waypoints)
    (Number of persons onboard)

    Short Safety Related


    Messages

    AIS reporting rates


    Type of Ship

    Report Rate

    At anchor

    3 minutes

    0-14 knots

    12 seconds

    0-14 + course 4 seconds


    14-23 knots

    6 seconds

    14-23 + course 2 seconds


    >23 knots

    3 seconds

    >23 + course

    2 seconds

    Dynamic data see table


    Static and voyage
    related data updated every
    6 minutes or on request
    Automatic polling from
    shore station without user
    action
    Maximum safetyrelated message is 158
    characters

    Technology of AIS and its implications


    Display AIS information on a radar display promises to be a
    significant enhancement for situation awareness, providing
    the navigator with graphical information about targets
    Automatically performs dangerous target calculations
    (CPA/TCPA) without operator intervention, rather than
    needing a target to be manually selected for ARPA tracking
    AIS targets entering a guard zone will similarly raise an
    alarm
    Not all ships has this new and untried AIS.
    Range depends on antenna height (typically 20-30 Nmiles)
    Transmitted information is only as good as the available
    sensor. SOG reported by GPS is not consistent with SOW
    used in ARPA radar.

    Dangerous Activated AIS Target

    ARPA Target

    Activated AIS Target

    Sleeping AIS Target

    AIS target information display on ECDIS

    AIS Infrastructure Concept

    Regional
    VTS

    NAIS Node
    Network

    AIS

    Network
    Node

    NAIS Node

    Sat Term

    AIS

    IP Network
    IP Network
    Network node eliminates
    any repeater duplicates

    Sat Term

    NAIS Node

    AIS

    NAIS Node

    Repeater

    Network

    AIS

    Sat Term

    Sat Term
    NAIS Node

    NAIS Node

    AIS

    Network

    AIS

    Network

    Network
    Node

    AIS
    AIS
    Port VTS
    AIS

    AIS

    Shipping
    Agencies

    NAIS Node

    AIS

    Other data

    Network

    IP Network

    Network
    Node

    Weather data
    AIS
    AIS

    NAIS Node
    AIS

    Other
    National
    Users

    Network
    Regional SRS

    What is VDR

    Voyage Data Recorder (VDR) is a Shipboard Black Box recoding system


    Records navigation, rudder, engine and alarm data
    Records Bridge conversation, VHF radio communication
    Records radar video images
    Retains minimum of 12 hours of recording in a Protected Data Capsule (PDC)
    Protected Data Capsule is fixed on the ship and will survive 6K meters deep sea immersion and 1100 deg
    C high temperature fire for one hour
    Same criteria applies for float-free version

    Technology of VDR and its implications


    o
    o
    o
    o
    o
    o
    o
    o

    Interface with Non-standard shipboard


    equipments
    Shipboard wiring
    Digital vs Analog interfaces
    Real-time and replay functions
    Recording data more than 12 hours
    Remote data access and monitoring
    Privacy concerns
    Fixed on ship vs float free version

    Typical shipboard data interfaces

    Serial : GPS, Echo Sounder, Gyro, Engine, Alarm,


    Door Monitoring systems (RS232, RS422, RS485
    interface with NMEA 0183 format or variations of)
    CANBUS, MODBUS and other proprietary protocols
    Slow Analog : Rudder Angle, order/response
    +10V, 4-20mA
    Fast Analog : Motion, stress time history
    Digital : On/Off status for alarm, doors etc.
    Audio : Voice and VHF communications
    Video : Post-processed High Resolution
    Radar video screens, CCTV

    OSI Data Solution


    Ethernet based data acquisition system for

    ease of expansion and trouble shoot


    Opto-isolated input to protect equipment
    and sensors
    Cost-effective solution allowing multiple
    type of interface modules (serial, analog,
    digital) on the same controller rack.
    All data saved in NMEA0183 format along
    with the configuration file

    OSI Audio solution

    Standard Sound Blaster compatible PCI


    soundboards.
    Weather resistant microphone and speaker
    package.
    Custom designed microphone/speaker with line
    level output for greater distance and sensitivity.
    Four 3 to 1 mixers can handle 9 microphones and
    3 VHF inputs into 2 stereo channels on the sound
    board
    Real-time FFT for easy setup and microphone test
    Password protected replay of recorded voice

    OSI Video Solution

    Utilizes Hi-Definition video capture board used in


    medical imaging
    Captures virtually any type of video source up to
    4000x4000 pixels
    Pre-calibrated video parameter files for different
    types of radar
    Proprietary lost-less high compression
    algorithm for radar images
    Optional video switching to capture up to 4 video
    sources

    OEM Protected Data Capsule (PDC)


    DnV Type Approved

    Robust design for shipboard use


    1100 Deg C fire for 1 hour
    260 Deg C fire for 10 Hours
    1.5-6.0 G bytes memory
    128,000 Hrs MTBF, 10 year data
    retention period
    Bit error rate <1 in 10^14
    Read/write as Networked Hard
    Drive with password protection
    30 minute download 1.5 Gbyte
    over 10-100Tbased Ethernet
    NETBEUI or TCP/IP protocol

    OEM VDR System


    Custom designed wall
    mounted PC accommodating
    current and future Intel
    Motherboards
    Fully vibration isolated
    Dual high speed fan for
    cooling
    600H x 550W x 200D mm
    lockable steel cabinet
    Multiple video switch PCB
    Audio PCB for channel
    mixing and speaker testing

    Voyage Data Recorder


    Systems Diagram
    IMO Voyage
    Data
    Recorder
    (Server)

    Internet
    Service
    Provider

    VDR Comm Manager


    Workstation (Option)
    INMARSAT A/B
    Cellular, Mini M
    Protected
    Data
    Capsule
    (PDC)

    Opto-isolated Data
    Acquisition

    Modem/Serial/Router

    P u b lic IS D N
    N e tw o rk

    VDR

    Playback
    Central Alarm
    Performance
    Fuel Track
    Weather
    File Transfer
    Data Base

    LES

    WAN

    TCP/IP
    EMAIL

    Audio / VHF
    Communication
    Head
    Office

    Serial, Analog (Volt/mA),


    Digital

    Radar
    Video

    Other
    Videos

    PLAYBACK
    Station

    VDR Replay Software and


    Potential Applications

    Window based Client-Server application


    Multiple Windows for Data Chart, Map, Radar,
    and configurable Conning displays
    Real-time data, audio, video (bandwidth
    permitting) as well as replay capabilities
    Remote Download of Audio, Data, and Video
    from Server as well as Protected Data Capsule
    Real-time output of selected NMEA sentences to
    drive other equipment or displays such as ECDIS
    Engine alarm and conditioning monitoring
    Safety and Efficiency Analysis

    References and Websites

    IMO SOLAS Convention Chapter V


    IMO MSC. 74(69), annex 3 for AIS
    IMO Resolution A 861. VDR standard
    IEC 61993 (AIS), IEC 61996 (VDR)
    Performance and Testing Requirements
    IEC 60945 Shipboard Equipment
    ITU-R M.1371, ITU Radio Regulations
    iala-aism.org; mcga.gov.uk; uscg.mil
    [email protected];; iec.org; rtcm.org
    (Navigation Equipment Guide)

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