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    Double Layer Electrolytic Capacitors: Design Team 10 Technical Lecture

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    spiller9020
    This document summarizes the history and technology of double layer electrolytic capacitors, also known as supercapacitors. It describes how early capacitors were developed in the 1700s and how electrolytic capacitors work using two parallel plates with a dielectric. The document outlines the discovery of the double layer effect in the 1950s-60s and how supercapacitors were later commercialized. It explains how carbon aerogel, activated carbon, and carbon nanotubes can be used as electrodes and compares the characteristics of batteries and supercapacitors. Finally, potential applications of supercapacitors in areas like hybrid electric vehicles are presented.

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    Double Layer Electrolytic Capacitors: Design Team 10 Technical Lecture

    Uploaded by

    spiller9020
    55 views15 pages
    This document summarizes the history and technology of double layer electrolytic capacitors, also known as supercapacitors. It describes how early capacitors were developed in the 1700s and how electrolytic capacitors work using two parallel plates with a dielectric. The document outlines the discovery of the double layer effect in the 1950s-60s and how supercapacitors were later commercialized. It explains how carbon aerogel, activated carbon, and carbon nanotubes can be used as electrodes and compares the characteristics of batteries and supercapacitors. Finally, potential applications of supercapacitors in areas like hybrid electric vehicles are presented.

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    Tech_LECT_5_Nov

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    Tech_LECT_5_Nov

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    This document summarizes the history and technology of double layer electrolytic capacitors, also known as supercapacitors. It describes how early capacitors were developed in the 1700s and how electrolytic capacitors work using two parallel plates with a dielectric. The document outlines the discovery of the double layer effect in the 1950s-60s and how supercapacitors were later commercialized. It explains how carbon aerogel, activated carbon, and carbon nanotubes can be used as electrodes and compares the characteristics of batteries and supercapacitors. Finally, potential applications of supercapacitors in areas like hybrid electric vehicles are presented.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    55 views15 pages

    Double Layer Electrolytic Capacitors: Design Team 10 Technical Lecture

    Uploaded by

    spiller9020
    This document summarizes the history and technology of double layer electrolytic capacitors, also known as supercapacitors. It describes how early capacitors were developed in the 1700s and how electrolytic capacitors work using two parallel plates with a dielectric. The document outlines the discovery of the double layer effect in the 1950s-60s and how supercapacitors were later commercialized. It explains how carbon aerogel, activated carbon, and carbon nanotubes can be used as electrodes and compares the characteristics of batteries and supercapacitors. Finally, potential applications of supercapacitors in areas like hybrid electric vehicles are presented.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Double Layer Electrolytic Capacitors

    Design Team 10
    Technical Lecture
    ECE_480_FS08

    Overview

    History of Capacitors
    Electrolytic Capacitors
    History of Supercapacitors
    Double Layer Electrolytic Capacitor
    Battery vs. Supercapacitor
    Application of Supercapacitors

    History of Capacitors

    In 1740, Ewald Georg von


    Kleist constructed the first
    capacitor.
    In the same year Pieter von
    Musschenboek invented the
    Leyden Jar.
    Ben Franklin soon found out a
    flat piece of glass can be used
    in place of the jar model

    Electrolytic Capacitors

    Two parallel plates with


    dielectric in between
    Capacitance limited by
    flat surface area and
    dielectric properties

    C is the capacitance
    A is the area
    r is the relative static permittivity
    (dielectric constant)
    o is the permittivity of free space
    (8.854x10-12 F/m)
    d is distance

    History of Super Capacitors

    The Electric Double Layer Capacitor


    effect was first noticed in 1957 by
    General Electric.
    Standard Oil of Ohio re-discovered this
    effect in 1966.
    Standard Oil of Ohio gave the licensing
    to NEC, which in 1978 marketed the
    product as a supercapacitor.

    Carbon Aerogel
    - Aerogel is a low-density solid derived from gel that has had
    the liquid component replaced with a gas.

    Composed of
    nanometer sized
    particles covalently
    bonded together
    High porosity
    (>50% under 100 nm)
    Large surface area
    (4001000 m/g)

    Activated Carbon:

    Extremely porous with a very large surface area.


    Surface resembles a sponge.
    Area allows more electrons to be stored than other
    conductors.

    Activated Carbon
    ( Activated Charcoal )

    Double Layer Electrolytic Capacitors


    Using Activated Carbon

    Two layers consisting


    of nanoporous
    electrodes
    Separator is
    impregnated with an
    organic electrolyte
    Thin separator can
    only withstand low
    voltages

    Carbon Nanotubes

    Approximately
    1/50,000th the
    width of a human
    hair
    Strongest and
    stiffest material on
    earth (>300 X Steal)
    Low density
    Semiconductor

    Double Layer Electrolytic Capacitors


    Using Carbon Nanotubes

    Under development
    at MIT
    Replaces activated
    charcoal with carbon
    nanotubes
    Aligned in a regular
    pattern that exposes
    greater surface area
    Dramatically
    increases effective
    area of electrodes
    Greatly increases
    power density

    Comparing Batteries & Supercapacitors

    Energy density is the amount of energy stored per unit volume or mass.
    - Power density combines energy density with the speed that
    energy can be drawn out of a device.
    -

    Rechargeable Batteries Vs.


    Supercapacitors
    Supercapacitors:

    Higher power density


    Much faster charge and
    discharge rate
    Environmentally friendly
    Extremely low internal
    resistance or ESR
    High efficiency (97-98%)
    Over a million chargedischarge cycles

    Batteries:

    Have higher energy density


    Typically 2001000 chargedischarge cycles
    Contain highly reactive and
    hazardous chemicals
    Negatively effected by low
    temperatures

    Applications for Supercapacitors

    Back up for
    uninterruptable power
    supplies (UPS)
    Light weight power
    supplies for small
    aircraft
    Provide short duration
    power for various
    vehicle systems such
    as breaking or steering
    Used to absorb power
    during short periods of
    generation such as
    Regenerative Braking
    Extend range and
    battery life in Hybrid
    Electric Vehicles
    (HEV)

    Hybrid Electric Vehicles

    The CSIRO in Australia


    [national science
    agency] has developed
    the UltraBattery, which
    combines a
    supercapacitor and a
    lead acid battery in a
    single unit
    4x longer life cycle, 50%
    more power, 70%
    cheaper than batteries
    used in HEVs

    Questions?

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