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    Chapter 18-Planar Kinetics of A Rigid Body: Work and Energy

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    Naeem Ul Hassan
    This document discusses planar kinetics and work-energy methods for rigid body motion. It covers calculating the kinetic energy of rigid bodies undergoing translation, rotation about a fixed axis, and general plane motion. It also discusses calculating the work done by various forces like variable forces, constant forces, weights, springs, and couples. It provides examples of forces that do no work, like friction and normal reactions. The objective is to apply work-energy principles to problems involving the planar motion of rigid bodies.

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    Chapter 18-Planar Kinetics of A Rigid Body: Work and Energy

    Uploaded by

    Naeem Ul Hassan
    126 views16 pages
    This document discusses planar kinetics and work-energy methods for rigid body motion. It covers calculating the kinetic energy of rigid bodies undergoing translation, rotation about a fixed axis, and general plane motion. It also discusses calculating the work done by various forces like variable forces, constant forces, weights, springs, and couples. It provides examples of forces that do no work, like friction and normal reactions. The objective is to apply work-energy principles to problems involving the planar motion of rigid bodies.

    Original Description:

    Engineering, Mechnical, dynamics

    Original Title

    B Mech Engg 6-Dynamics

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    This document discusses planar kinetics and work-energy methods for rigid body motion. It covers calculating the kinetic energy of rigid bodies undergoing translation, rotation about a fixed axis, and general plane motion. It also discusses calculating the work done by various forces like variable forces, constant forces, weights, springs, and couples. It provides examples of forces that do no work, like friction and normal reactions. The objective is to apply work-energy principles to problems involving the planar motion of rigid bodies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    126 views16 pages

    Chapter 18-Planar Kinetics of A Rigid Body: Work and Energy

    Uploaded by

    Naeem Ul Hassan
    This document discusses planar kinetics and work-energy methods for rigid body motion. It covers calculating the kinetic energy of rigid bodies undergoing translation, rotation about a fixed axis, and general plane motion. It also discusses calculating the work done by various forces like variable forces, constant forces, weights, springs, and couples. It provides examples of forces that do no work, like friction and normal reactions. The objective is to apply work-energy principles to problems involving the planar motion of rigid bodies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Chapter 18- Planar Kinetics of a

    Rigid Body: Work and Energy

    STATICS and DYNAMICS- 11th Ed.,


    R. C. Hibbeler and A. Gupta
    Course Instructor: Miss Saman Shahid

    Objective:
    We will apply work and energy methods to

    problems involving force, velocity, and


    displacement related to the planar motion of a
    rigid body.

    Kinetic
    Energy
    Calculating rigid bodys KE when it is

    subjected to
    (i) translation,
    (ii) rotation about a fixed axis, or
    (iii) general plane motion.
    Consider the rigid body shown in inertial
    x-y plane. An arbitrary ith particle of
    the body, having mass dm, is located
    at r from the arbitrary point P.
    Here I(G) is the moment of inertia for the
    body about an axis which is
    perpendicular to the plane of motion
    and passes through the mass center.

    1-Translation
    When a rigid body of mass m

    is subjected to either
    rectilinear or translation, the
    KE due to rotation is zero,
    since =0
    where v(G) is the magnitude

    of the translational velocity v


    at the instant considered.

    2-Rotation About a Fixed


    Axis
    When a rigid body is rotating about

    a fixed axis passing through point


    O, the body has both translational
    and rotational KE.
    The bodys KE may also be

    formulated by noting that


    v(G)=r(G)
    by the Parallel-Axis theorem, the

    terms inside the parentheses


    represent the moment of inertia
    I(O) of the body about an axis
    perpendicular to the plane of
    motion and passing through point
    O.

    3-General Plane Motion


    When a rigid body is subjected to

    general plane motion, it has an angular


    velocity and its mass center has a
    velocity v(G).
    Total KE of the body consists of the

    scalar sum of the bodys translational


    KE and rotational KE about its mass
    center.
    The equation can also be expressed in

    terms of bodys motion about its


    instantaneous center of zero velocity,
    Where I(IC) is the moment of inertial of
    the body about its instantaneous
    center.

    Example

    The Work of a Force


    By
    By
    By
    By

    variable force
    constant force
    weight
    a spring force

    1) Work of a Variable
    Force
    If an external force F

    acts on a rigid body,


    the work done by the
    force when it moves
    along the path s.
    Here is the angle

    between the tails of the


    force vector and the
    differential
    displacement.

    2) Work of a Constant
    Force
    If an external force F(c)

    acts on a rigid body,


    and maintains a
    constant magnitude
    and constant direction,
    while the body
    undergoes a translation
    s.

    3) Work of a Weight
    The weight of a body does

    work only when the bodys


    center of mass G undergoes
    a vertical displacement y. If
    this displacement is upward,
    the work is negative, since
    the weight and displacement
    are in opposite directions.

    4) Work of a
    Spring Force
    If linear elastic spring is attached to a body,

    the spring force F(s)=ks, acting on the body


    does work when the spring either stretches or
    compresses from s1 to a further position s2.
    In both cases, the work will be negative since

    the displacement of the body is in the


    opposite direction to the force.
    Where |s2|>|s1|

    Force That Do Not Work


    There are some external forces that do not work when

    the body is displaced.


    There forces can act either at fixed points on the body, or
    they can have a direction perpendicular to their
    displacement.
    Examples:
    1- Reactions at a Pin support about which a body

    rotates
    2- Normal reaction acting on a body that moves along
    a fixed surface.
    3- Weight of a body when the center of gravity of the
    body moves in a horizontal plane.

    Explanation:

    A frictional force F(f) acting on a round

    body as it rolls without slipping over a


    rough surface also does no work.
    This is because, during any instant of

    time dt, F(f) acts at a point on the body


    which has zero velocity (instantaneous
    center IC) and so the work done by the
    force on the point is zero.
    In other words, the point is not

    displaced in the direction of the force


    during this instant. Since F(f) contacts
    successive points for only an instant,
    the work of F(f) will be zero.

    The Work of a Couple


    When a body subjected to a couple

    undergoes general plane motion,


    the two couple forces do work only
    when the body undergoes a
    rotation.
    Consider the body which is
    subjected to a couple moment
    M=Fr
    When the body translates, such
    that the component of
    displacement along the line of
    action of the forces is ds(t).
    The positive work of one force
    cancels the negative work of the
    other.

    Contd.

    If the body undergoes a differential rotation d

    about an axis which is perpendicular to the plane of the


    couple and intersects the plane at point O,
    Then, each force undergoes a displacement ds()=(r/2)
    d in the direction of the force.

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