Industrial Systems

B90 Bus Differential Relay and Breaker Failure Protection

Cost-efficient
Good performance
Modern communications capability
Member of the Universal Relay (UR) family
Easy integration with other URs
Common configuration tool for all B90 IEDs
Proven algorithms (B30) and hardware (UR)
Expandable
Two levels of scalability (modules and IEDs)

In
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Industrial Systems
Busbar Protection Schemes

PVD
SPD

Any
BUS
B30
B90

Approach

High-impedance / linear couplers

non-configurable busbars
cheap relay, expensive primary equipment
Blocking schemes for simple busbars
Analog low / medium - impedance schemes
Digital relays for small busbars
Digital relays for large busbars
Phase-segregated cost-efficient digital relays
for large busbars NEW!
In
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rs na
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n

GE offer

Industrial Systems
Why Digital Bus Relay?

In
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n

Re-configurable busbars require dynamic assignment

of currents to multiple zones
expensive and dangerous when done externally on
secondary currents (analog way)
natural and safe when done in software
Breaker Fail for re-configurable busbars is naturally
integrated with the bus protection
No need for special CTs (cost)
Relaxed requirements for the CTs (cost)
Advantages of digital technology

Industrial Systems
Design Challenges for Digital Busbar Relays

In
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Reliability
Security:
Immunity to CT saturation
Immunity to wrong input information
Large number of inputs and outputs required:
AC inputs (tens or hundreds)
Trip rated output contacts (tens or hundreds)
Other output contacts (tens)
Digital Inputs (hundreds)
Large processing power required to handle al the data

Industrial Systems
Traditionally Two Distinctive Architectures are Offered
Distributed Bus Protection
52

52
DAU

Centralized Bus Protection

52
DAU

52

52

52

DAU

CU

CU

co pp er

co pp er
fib e r

Fits better new installations

Perceived less reliable
Slower

Fits better retrofit installations

Perceived more reliable
Potentially faster

In
Ve ter
rs na
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n

Industrial Systems
New Architecture Digital Phase-Segregated Busbar Scheme

iA, vA

Phase A
Protection

TRIPA

iB, vB

Phase B
Protection

TRIPB

iC, vC

Phase C
Protection

TRIPC

Foundation:
Single-phase IEDs for primary
differential protection
Separate IEDs for Breaker
Failure and extra I/Os
Inter-IED communications for
sharing digital states
Scalability and flexibility

In
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Breaker
Failure

Industrial Systems
B90 Capacity

In
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Up to 24 circuits in a single zone without voltage

supervision
Multi-IED architecture with each IED built on modular
hardware
Up to 24 AC inputs per B90 IED freely selectable
between currents and voltages (24+0, 23+1, 22+2, ..)
Up to 96 digital inputs per B90 IED
Up to 48 output contacts per B90 IED
Flexible allocation of AC inputs, digital inputs and
output contacts between the B90 IEDs

Industrial Systems

Maximum number of circuits in one zone: 24

Number of zones : 4
Busbar configuration: No limits
Sub-cycle tripping time
Security (only 2msec of clean waveforms required for stability)
Differential algorithm supervised by CT saturation detection and
directional principle
Dynamic bus replica, logic and signal processing
No need for interposing CTs (ratio matching up to 32:1)
CT trouble per each zone of protection
Breaker failure per circuit
End fault protection (EFP) per circuit
Undervoltage supervision per each voltage input
Overcurrent protection (IOC and TOC) per circuit
Communication, metering and recording

In
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B90 Features and Benefits

Industrial Systems
B90 Applications

In
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Busbars:
Single
Breaker-and-a-half
Double
Triple
With and without transfer bus
Networks:
Solidly grounded
Lightly grounded (via resistor)
Ungrounded

Industrial Systems
B90 Architecture Overview

10

In
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Phase-segregated multi-IED system built on Universal

Relay (UR) platform
Each IED can be configured to include up to six
modules:
AC inputs (up to 3 x 24 single phase inputs)
Contact outputs (up to 6 x 8)
Digital Inputs (up to 6 X 16)
Variety of combinations of digital inputs and output
contacts
Fast digital communications between the IEDs for
sharing digital states

Industrial Systems
B90
COMMS

DSP
I/O
DSP
I/O
DSP
I/O

phase B currents & voltages

phase B trip contacts

COMMS

Phase C Protection

DSP
I/O
DSP
I/O
DSP
I/O

UR #3

fiber, ring configuration

COMMS

DSP
I/O
DSP
I/O
DSP
I/O

CPU

Phase B Protection

phase C currents & voltages

phase C trip contacts

Bus Replica & Breaker Fail

COMMS

UR #4

In
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n

11

CPU

PS

UR #2

PS

phase A trip contacts

I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O

phase A currents & voltages

CPU

Phase A Protection

CPU

No A/C data traffic

No need for sampling
synchronization,
straightforward relay
configuration - all A/C signals
local to a chassis
Data traffic reduced to I/Os
Direct I/Os (similar to existing
UR Remote I/Os) used for
exchange of binary data
Oscillography capabilities
multiplied (available in each
IED separately)
Programmable logic
(FlexLogic) capabilities
multiplied
SOE capabilities multiplied
Extra URs in a loop for more
I/Os

PS

UR #1

PS

B90 Architecture

Industrial Systems
B90 Components: Protection IEDs

Other UR-based IEDs

In
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8 AC single-phase inputs

Modular architecture (from 2 to 9 modules)

All modules but CPU and PS optional
Up to 24 AC inputs total (24 currents and no
voltages, through 12 currents and 12
voltages)
Three I/O modules for trip contacts or extra
digital inputs
Features oriented towards AC signal
processing (differential, IOC, TOC, UV, BF
current supervision)

Comms

I/O

DSP 3

I/O

DSP 2

I/O

DSP 1
CPU

Power Supply

12

8 AC single-phase inputs

8 AC single-phase inputs

B90
B90is
isbuilt
builton
onUR
URhardware
hardware(4
(4years
yearsof
offield
fieldexperience)
experience)

Industrial Systems

Other UR-based IEDs

B90 Components: Logic IEDs

Modular architecture (from 2 to 9 modules)
All modules but CPU and PS optional
Up to 96 digital inputs or
48 output contacts or
Virtually any mix of the above
Features oriented towards logic functions (BF
logic and timers, isolator monitoring and
alarming)

In
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Comms

I/O

I/O
I/O

I/O
I/O

I/O

CPU

Power Supply

13

B90
B90is
isbuilt
builton
onUR
URhardware
hardware(4
(4years
yearsof
offield
fieldexperience)
experience)

Industrial Systems
B90 Scheme for Large Busbars
Dual (redundant) fiber with
3msec delivery time between
neighbouring IEDs. Up to 8
B90s/URs in the ring
Phase A AC signals and
trip contacts

Phase C AC signals and

trip contacts

Digital Inputs for isolator

monitoring and BF
14

In
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Phase B AC signals and

trip contacts

Industrial Systems
Security of the B90 Communications

15

In
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Dual (redundant) ring each message send

simultaneously in both directions
No switching equipment (direct TX-RX connection)
Self-monitoring incorporated
Information re-sent (repeated) automatically
32-bit CRC
Default states of exchanged flags upon loss of
communications (allows developing secure
applications)

Industrial Systems
B90 Communications

16

In
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The communications feature (Direct I/Os) requires

digital communications card (dual-port 820nmm LED)
Up to 96 inputs / outputs could be sent / received
Up to 8 UR IEDs could be interfaced
When interfacing with other URs, 32 inputs / outputs
are available
The Direct I/O feature is modeled on UCA GOOSE but
is sent over dedicated fiber (not LAN) and is optimized
for speed
User-friendly configuration mechanism is available
Simple applications do not require communications

Industrial Systems
Typical B90 Applications for Large Busbars
ZONE 1

7 to 24 feeders

23

24

ZONE 1

Basic: 87 & BF
for less than 16
feeders

23

17

24

21

22

Extended: BF for more

than 16 feeders
Full version: 24 Feeders
with BF.

In
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n

ZONE 2

Industrial Systems
Typical B90 Applications for Large Busbars
ZONE 1

7 to 24 feeders
1

21

23

22

24

ZONE 2

18

23

11

ZONE 2

24

7 to 24 feeders
12

13

22

In
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ZONE 1

Industrial Systems

In
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8 phase-B currents

8 phase-C currents
Diff Zone 3

Spare

Diff Zone 1

One
OneB90
B90IED
IEDwith
with33zones
zones
could
protect
a
single
could protect a single
8-circuit
8-circuitbusbar!
busbar!

I/O

DSP 3

I/O

DSP 2

I/O

DSP 1
CPU

Power Supply

19

Diff Zone 2

8 phase-A currents

B90 and Small Single Busbars 8-circuit busbar

Two
Twolevels
levelsof
of scalability
scalabilityallow
allow flexible
flexibleapplications
applications

Industrial Systems

Spare

Spare

Spare

In
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n

4 phase-C currents

8 phase-C currents

8 phase-B currents

Two
TwoB90
B90IEDs
IEDswith
with22zones
zones
could
protect
a
single
could protect a single
12-circuit
12-circuitbusbar!
busbar!

I/O

DSP 2

I/O

DSP 1
CPU

Power Supply

Spare

I/O

DSP 3

I/O

DSP 2

I/O

DSP 1
CPU

Power Supply

20

4 phase-A currents
4 phase-B currents

8 phase-A currents

B90 and Small Single Busbars 12-circuit busbar

Two
Twolevels
levelsof
of scalability
scalabilityallow
allow flexible
flexibleapplications
applications

Industrial Systems

8 phase-C currents

Spare

Spare

Spare

I/O

DSP 2

I/O

DSP 1
CPU

In
Ve ter
rs na
io l
n

8 phase-C currents

8 phase-B currents

8 phase-A currents

8 phase-A currents

Three
ThreeB90
B90single-zone
single-zoneIEDs
IEDs
could
protect
a
single
could protect a single
16..24-circuit
16..24-circuitbusbar!
busbar!

Power Supply

Spare

Spare

Spare

I/O

DSP 2

I/O

DSP 1
CPU

Power Supply

Spare

Spare

Spare

I/O

DSP 2

I/O

DSP 1
CPU

Power Supply
21

8 phase-B currents

B90 and Small Single Busbars 16-circuit busbar

Two
Twolevels
levelsof
of scalability
scalabilityallow
allow flexible
flexibleapplications
applications

Industrial Systems
Applicability to Ungrounded and Lightly Grounded Systems

Three phase protection units for phase-to-phase faults and

saturation detection
Fourth unit with AC inputs for zero-sequence differential
protection (fed from split-core or regular CTs)
Phase B

Phase A
IA

IB

Phase C

IC

3I0

Bl

n
ko
c
o

ex

l
au
lf
a
rn
te

ts

22

B90
B90can
canbe
beapplied
appliedto
tosolidly
solidlyand
andlightly
lightlygrounded
grounded
as
aswell
wellas
asungrounded
ungroundedsystems
systems

In
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n

Ground

Industrial Systems
B90 Configuration Program

URPC program used for configuration

Common setting file for all B90 IEDs
All B90 can be accessed
simultaneously
Off-line setting files can easily be
produced

(1) B90 Protection system is

a site

(2) That includes the

required IEDs

23

In
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n

(3) Functions available for

dealing with all IEDs
simultaneously

Industrial Systems
B90 Algorithms

24

Bus differential protection

Dynamic bus replica
Isolator monitoring and alarming
End Fault Protection
Breaker Failure

In
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Industrial Systems
t0
t2

fault inception
fault conditions

d iffe r e n tia l

CT Saturation Problem

External
fault: ideal
CTs
t2

25

re s tr a in in g
In
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io l
n

t0

Industrial Systems
fault inception
fault conditions

t2
t0
26

External fault:
CT ratio
mismatch

re s tr a in in g
In
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n

t0
t2

d iffe r e n tia l

CT Saturation Problem

Industrial Systems
t0
t1
t2

CT Saturation Problem

fault inception
CT saturation time
CT saturated

d iffe r e n tia l

t2

t1

27

re s tr a in in g
In
Ve ter
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io l
n

t0

External
fault: CT
saturation

Industrial Systems
Differential Protection

28

In
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n

B90 algorithms aimed at:

Improving the main differential function by providing
better filtering, faster response, better restraining
technique, robust switch-off transient blocking, etc.
Incorporating a saturation detection mechanism that
would recognize CT saturation on external faults in
a fast and reliable manner
Applying a second protection principle namely
phase directional (phase comparison) for better
security

Industrial Systems

29

In
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n

Bus Differential Function Block Diagram

Industrial Systems
B90 Differential Function Theory of Operation

30

Definition of the Restraining Current

Operating Characteristic
CT Saturation Detector
Default Tripping Logic
Customizing the Tripping Logic

In
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n

Industrial Systems
Various Definitions of the Restraining Signal

iR i1 i2 i3 ... in

sum of

1
iR i1 i2 i3 ... in
n
iR n i1 i2 i3 ... in

31

scaled sum of

geometrical average

maximum of
In
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n

iR Max i1 , i2 , i3 ,..., in

Industrial Systems
Restraining Current

32

In
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n

The amount of restraint provided by various definitions

is different; sometimes significantly different particularly
for multi-circuit differential elements such as busbar
protection
When selecting the slope (slopes) one must take into
account the applied definition of the restraining signal
The B90 uses the maximum of definition of the
restraining current

Industrial Systems
Sum of vs. Max of definitions of restraint

33

Sum of approach:
more restraint on external faults; less sensitivity on internal
faults
scaled sum of may take into account the actual number of
connected circuits increasing sensitivity
characteristic breakpoints difficult to set
Max of approach (B30, B90 and UR in general):
less restraint on external faults
more sensitivity on internal faults
breakpoints easier to set
better handles situations when one CT may saturate
completely (99% slope settings possible)
In
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n

Industrial Systems
Differential Function Characteristic

d if fe re n tia l

|I D |

O PER A TE
HIG H
SLO PE

B LO CK
LO W
SLO PE

IR

re s tra in in g

In
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rs na
io l
n

H IG H B P N T

34

L O W BPN T

P IC K U P

Industrial Systems
Differential Function Adaptive Approach

d iff e re n tia l

R e g io n 2
(h ig h d iffe re n tia l
c u rre n ts )

R e g io n 1
( lo w d i f f e r e n t i a l
c u rr e n ts )

large currents
quick saturation possible due to
large magnitude
saturation easier to detect
security required only if saturation
detected

low currents
saturation possible due to dc offset
saturation very difficult to detect
more security required

35

In
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rs na
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n

re s tra in in g

Industrial Systems
Adaptive Logic

AND

DIF1
OR

OR

DIR

AND

SAT

TRIP

36

In
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io l
n

DIF2

Industrial Systems

d iff e re n tia l

Adaptive Approach

R e g io n 2
(h ig h d iffe re n tia l
c u rre n ts )

R e g io n 1
( lo w d i f f e r e n t i a l
c u rr e n ts )

Dynamic 2-out-of-2,
1-out-of-2 operating
mode

2-out-of-2
operating
mode

37

In
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rs na
io l
n

re s tra in in g

Industrial Systems
Directional Principle

AND

DIF1
OR

OR

DIR

AND

SAT

TRIP

38

In
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io l
n

DIF2

Industrial Systems
Directional Principle

Voltage signal is not required

Internal faults:
all fault (large) currents approximately in phase

External faults:
one current approximately out of phase

39

In
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n

Secondary current of
the faulted circuit
(deep CT saturation)

Industrial Systems
Directional Principle

40

Implementation:
step 1: select fault contributors
A contributoris a circuit carrying significant amount of current
A circuit is a contributor if its current is above higher break
point
A circuit is a contributor if its current is above a certain portion
of the restraining current
step 2: check angle between each contributor and the sum of all
the other currents
Sum of all the other currents is the inverted contributor if the
fault is external; on external faults one obtains an angle of 180
degrees
step 3: compare the maximum angle to the threshold
A threshold is a factory constant of 90 degrees
An angle shift of more than 90 degrees due to CT saturation is
physically impossible

In
Ve ter
rs na
io l
n

Industrial Systems
External Fault

E x te r n a l F a u lt C o n d it io n s

imag

Ip

ID I p

OPER ATE

BLOC K
ID - Ip

Ip

real

Ip

ID I p

BLOC K

41

In
Ve ter
rs na
io l
n

OPER ATE

Industrial Systems
Internal Fault

In te r n a l F a u lt C o n d itio n s

imag
B LOC K

Ip

ID I p

OPER ATE
ID - Ip

real

Ip

ID I p

Ip
B LOC K

42

In
Ve ter
rs na
io l
n

OPER ATE

Industrial Systems
Saturation Detector

AND

DIF1
OR

OR

DIR

AND

SAT

TRIP

43

In
Ve ter
rs na
io l
n

DIF2

Industrial Systems
t0
t1
t2

Saturation Detector

fault inception
CT starts to saturate
external fault under
heavy CT saturation
conditions

d iffe r e n tia l

t2

t1

44

re s tr a in in g
In
Ve ter
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io l
n

t0

Industrial Systems
Saturation Detector The State Machine

NORMAL

SAT := 0
saturation
condition
EXTERNAL
FAULT

SAT := 1
The differential
characteristic
entered
EXTERNAL
FAULT & CT
SATURATION

SAT := 1
45

The differentialrestraining trajectory

out of the differential
characteristic for
certain period of time

In
Ve ter
rs na
io l
n

The differential
current below the
first slope for
certain period of
time

Industrial Systems
Saturation Detector

46

In
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rs na
io l
n

Operation:
The SAT flag WILL NOT be set during internal faults
whether or not any CTs saturate
The SAT flag WILL be SET during external faults
whether or not any CTs saturate
By design the SAT flag is NOT used to block the
relay but to switch to 2-out-of-2 operating principle

Industrial Systems

200
150

~1 ms

Examples External Fault

current, A

100
50
0
-50
-100
-150
-200
0.06

The bus differential

protection element
picks up due to heavy
CT saturation

0.07

0.08

0.09

time, sec

0.1

0.11

0.12

The CT saturation flag

is set safely before the
pickup flag

The
directional flag
is not set

47

The element
does not
maloperate

In
Ve ter
rs na
io l
n

Despite heavy CT
saturation the
external fault current
is seen in the
opposite direction

Industrial Systems
Examples Internal Fault

The bus differential

protection element
picks up

The saturation
flag is not set - no
directional
decision required

All the fault currents

are seen in one

The element
operates in
10ms

48

The
directional
flag is set

In
Ve ter
rs na
io l
n

direction

Industrial Systems
User-Modified Tripping Logic

All the key logic flags (DIFferential, SATuration, DIRectional) are

available as FlexLogicTM operands with the following meanings:
BUS BIASED PKP
BUS SAT
BUS DIR

49

In
Ve ter
rs na
io l
n

- differential characteristic entered

- saturation (external fault) detected
- directionality confirmed (internal
fault)
FlexLogicTM can be used to override the default 87B logic
Example: 2-out-of-2 operating principle with extra security applied
to the differential principle:

Industrial Systems
Dynamic Bus Replica

50

In
Ve ter
rs na
io l
n

Dynamic bus replica mechanism is provided by associating a

status signal with each current of a given differential zone
Each current can be inverted prior to configuring into a zone (tiebreaker with a single CT)
The status signal is a FlexLogicTM operand (totally user
programmable)
The status signals are formed in FlexLogicTM including any
filtering or extra security checks from the positions of switches
and/or breakers as required
Bus replica applications:
Isolators
Tie-Breakers
Breakers

Industrial Systems
Dynamic Bus Replica - Isolators

51

Reliable Isolator Closed signal is composed

The Isolator Position signal:
Decides whether the associated current is to be included into
differential calculations
Decides whether the associated breaker is to be tripped
For maximum safety:
Both normally open and normally closed contacts are used
Isolator alarm is established under discrepancy conditions
Isolator position to be sorted out under non-valid combinations
of the auxiliary contacts (open-open, closed-closed)
Switching operations in the substation shall be inhibited until
the bus image is recognized with 100% accuracy
Optionally the 87B may be inhibited from the isolator alarm
In
Ve ter
rs na
io l
n

Industrial Systems
Dynamic Bus Replica - Isolators
Isolator Open
Auxiliary
Contact

Isolator Closed
Auxiliary
Contact

Isolator
Position

Alarm

Block Switching

Off

On

CLOSED

No

No

Off

Off

LAST VALID

Until Isolator
Position is valid

On

On

CLOSED

After time delay

until
acknowledged

On

Off

OPEN

No

No

Isolator position valid

(isolator opened)

Isolator position invalid

Isolator position valid

(isolator opened)

ISOLATOR 1 OPEN

ISOLATOR 1 CLOSED

ISOLATOR 1 POSITION
alarm time
delay

alarm
acknowledged

ISOLATOR 1 ALARM

ISOLATOR 1 RESET

52

blocking signal resets when

isolator position valid

alarm acknowledging
signal

In
Ve ter
rs na
io l
n

ISOLATOR 1 BLOCK

Industrial Systems
Dynamic Bus Replica Isolator Positions and Differential Protection

Iso

53

os

Phase A AC signals wired

here, bus replica configured
here

Phase B AC signals wired

here, bus replica configured
here

lat
o

rP
os
itio

osi
ti

on

Phase C AC signals wired

here, bus replica configured
here

Iso

or
t
a
l

itio
s
o

Up to 96 auxuliary switches
wired here; Isolator Monitoring
function configured here

In
Ve ter
rs na
io l
n

rP
o
t
la
Iso

Iso
lato
rP

n
itio

Industrial Systems
Dynamic Bus Replica Tie-Breakers: Two-CT Configuration

Z1

TB

Z2

54

In
Ve ter
rs na
io l
n

Overlapping zones no blind spots

Both zones trip the Tie-Breaker
No special treatment of the TB required in terms of its
status for Dynamic Bus Replica (treat as regular
breaker see next section)

Industrial Systems
Dynamic Bus Replica Tie-Breakers Tie-Breakers: Single-CT Configuration

Z1

TB

Z2

55

In
Ve ter
rs na
io l
n

Both zones trip the Tie-Breaker

Blind spot between the TB and the CT
Fault between TB and CT is external to Z2
Z1: no special treatment of the TB required (treat as regular
CB)
Z2: special treatment of the TB status required:
The CT must be excluded from calculations after the TB
is opened
Z2 gets extended (opened entirely) onto the TB

Industrial Systems
Tie-Breakers: Single-CT Configuration

expand

56

In
Ve ter
rs na
io l
n

Sequence of events:
Z1 trips and the TB gets opened
After a time delay the current from the CT shall be
removed from Z2 calculations
As a result Z2 gets extended up to the opened TB
The Fault becomes internal for Z2
Z2 trips finally clearing the fault

Industrial Systems
Dynamic Bus Replica Breakers: Bus-side CTs

CT

Blind spot for

bus protection

57

Blind spot exists between the CB and CT

CB is going to be tripped by line protection
After the CB gets opened, the current shall be removed from
differential calculations (expanding the differential zone up to the
opened CB)
Relay configuration required: identical as for the Single-CT TieBreaker

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CB

Industrial Systems
Dynamic Bus Replica Breakers: Line-side CTs

CB

Over-trip spot for

bus protection

CT

58

Over-trip spot between the CB and CT when the CB is opened

When the CB gets opened, the current shall be removed from
differential calculations (contracting the differential zone up to the
opened CB)
Relay configuration required: identical as for a Single-CT Tie-Breaker,
but.

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Industrial Systems
Dynamic Bus Replica Breakers: Line-side CTs

contract

CB

Blind spot for

bus protection

CT

59

but.
A blind spot created by contracting the bus differential zone
End Fault Protection required B90 provides one EFP element per
current input
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Industrial Systems
End Fault Protection
SETTING
B90 FUNCTION:
Logic = 0
Protection = 1

SETTING

(2) Excessive current .

EFP 1 FUNCTION:

Enabled = 1

AND

Disabled = 0

SETTING
EFP 1 BLOCK:

SETTING

(3) Causes the EFP

to operate

Off = 0
EFP 1 PICKUP:
SETTING

RUN

EFP 1 CT:
Current Magnitude, |I|

| I | > PICKUP

SETTING

SETTING

EFP 1 PICKUP DELAY:

AND

EFP 1 MANUAL CLOSE:

Off = 0
SETTINGS
SETTING
EFP 1 BREAKER OPEN:
Off = 0

EFP 1 BRK DELAY:

FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS

tPKP

EFP 1 OP
0

EFP 1 DPO
EFP PKP

tPKP

(1) The EFP gets armed

after the breaker is open
60

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Industrial Systems
Breaker Failure Protection

61

BF Architecture:
Current supervision residing on protection IEDs
BFI signal can be generated internally (from protection IEDs)
or externally via communications or a digital input from any
IED
BF logic and timers residing on the logic IED
Trip contacts distributed freely between various IEDs
BF Performance:
Reset time of current sensors below 0.7 power system cycle
Communications delays around 0.2 power system cycle
between any two neighboring IEDs
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Industrial Systems
Breaker Failure Protection Current Supervision

Cu
r

62

Phase A AC signals wired

here, current status
monitored here

Phase B AC signals wired

here, current status
monitored here

re
nt
S

tat
us

Phase C AC signals wired

here, current status
monitored here

Cu

tatu
s

us
t
a
St
t
n
rre

Up to 24 BF elements
configured here

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S
t
n
rre
Cu

Cu
rre
nt S

s
u
t
a
t

Industrial Systems
Breaker Failure Protection Initiate

BFI

BF

ate

Phase A AC signals wired

here, current status
monitored here

Phase B AC signals wired

here, current status
monitored here

Ini
tia
te

niti

Phase C AC signals wired

here, current status
monitored here

BFI

BF

te
a
i
t
Ini

Up to 24 BF elements
configured here
63

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BF

te
a
i
t
Ini

BF
I

Industrial Systems
Breaker Failure Protection Trip Action

Trip

Trip

Tri
pC
om
ma
Phase A AC signals wired
here, current status
monitored here

Phase B AC signals wired

here, current status
monitored here

Tr
ip
Co
mm
an
d

64

nd

Trip

Phase C AC signals wired

here, current status
monitored here

Trip

ip
Tr

nd
a
mm
o
C

Trip command generated here

and send to trip appropraite
breakers

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p
Tri

nd
a
mm
o
C

Industrial Systems
Programmable Logic (FlexLogicTM)

65

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All B90 IEDs provide for programmable logic

Distributed logic over fiber-optic communications
(Direct I/Os)
Functions available:
Gates
Edge detectors
Latches and non-volatile latches
Timers

Industrial Systems
Disturbance Recording

66

All AC inputs automatically recorded

Programmable sampling rate: 8, 16, 32, 64 s/c
Programmable content (phasor magnitudes and angles,
differential, restraint currents, frequency, any digital flag)
Programmable number of records vs. record length
Flexible treatment of old records (overwrite, preserve)
Programmable trigger
Programmable pre-/post-trigger windows
Individual (independent) oscillography configuration of each B90
IED

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Industrial Systems
Sequence of Events Recording

67

Up to 1040 events per each B90 IED

Events stamped with 1microsecond resolution
0.5 msec scanning rate for digital inputs
All B90 IEDs synchronized via IRIG-B or SNTP
All events (except hardware-related alarms) user programmable
Events can be enabled independently for:
All protection elements
All digital inputs and contact outputs
Communications driven signals
Individual (independent) SOE configuration of each B90 IED

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Industrial Systems
Engineering the B90
SWITCHING ON Z1 & Z2, Z1 & Z3 OR Z2 & Z3 BUSBARS
LOGIC FOR COUPLER

CLOSING ORDER
0
100

ISO 2
ISO 3

ISO 8
ISO 9

TRIP
PERM
Z1/Z2
VO 63

ISO 4
ISO 6

ISO 6

ISO 9

ISO 7
ISO 9

ISO 2

ISO 5

ISO 7
ISO 8

ISO 8

F2-Z2-OUT
VO 54

ISO 2
ISO 3

68

F2-Z2-IN
VO 21
F3-Z2-IN
VO 22
F4-Z2-IN
VO 23

F2-Z3-IN
VO 37

ISO 1

Substation one-line and

wiring diagrams

F4-Z1-IN
VO 7

OPTION: ZONE 3 AS
TRANSFER BUS

ISO 1

B
ISO 1
ISO 2
A

F3-Z1-IN
VO 6

ISO 4
ISO 5

ISO 3
A

F2-Z1-IN
VO 5

ISO 3

ISO 5
ISO 6

F1-Z1-IN&
Z2-OUT
VO 4

F2-Z1-OUT
VO 53

ISO 4

F3-Z3-IN
VO 38

ISO 7

F4-Z3-IN
VO 39

Logic design

FlexLogicTM Implementation

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52b

0
60

LATCH

Industrial Systems
B90 Summary

69

Cost-efficient
Good performance
Modern communications capability
Member of the Universal Relay (UR) family
Easy integration with other URs
Common configuration tool for all B90 IEDs
Proven algorithms (B30) and hardware (UR)
Expandable
Two levels of scalability (modules and IEDs)

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Industrial Systems
Ordering the B90

The B90 can be ordered as an engineered product

The following order code applies to the engineered B90
B90

**

**

B90

Base system
S

Single busbar

Double busbar

Double busbar with transfer

Special arrangement
C

Cabinet supply

Frame supply
A

RS485 + RS485 (ModBus RTU, DNP)

RS485 + 10BaseF (MMS/UCA2, ModBus TCP/IP, DNP)

RS485 + redundant 10BaseF (MMS/UCA2, ModBus, TCP/IP, DNP)

H

125/250, AC/DC

24-48V (DC only)

**

70

Specify the number of lines + bus couplers (two digits)

0

Without Breaker Fail

With Breaker Fail

0

Without End Fault Protection

With End Fault Protection

00

Sequential number

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Industrial Systems
How to Order

71

International:
Europe:
Email:
Web:

+1 905 294 6222

+34 94 485 88 00
[email protected]
http://www.GEindustrial.com/pm

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