Chapter 15 - Heat Exchanger Networks - I

Chapter 15 Pinch
Technology
Chemical
Process
Heat Exchange
West Virgini Universit
Design
Networks
a
Copyright - R. Turton and J. Shaeiwitz,

2012
The Need to Heat and Cool Process

Streams
Feed usually enters a process from a
storage vessel that is maintained at
ambient temperature. If it is to be reacted
at an elevated temperature, it must be
heated.
After the reaction has taken place, the
reactor effluent stream must be purified,
which usually requires cooling the stream,
and possibly condensing it, prior to
separating it.
Thus energy must first be added, then
Heat Integration
Heat exchange networks
It saves money to match

streams rather than pay to
heat one and pay to cool
another
You have already done on ad hoc
this
basis in design projects

2012
The Concept of Heat Integration

The concept of Heat Integration, in its
simplest form, is to find matches between
heat additions and heat removals within
the process.
In this way, the total utilities that are
used to perform these energy transfers
can be minimized, or rather optimized.
The number of heat exchangers needed
to perform these energy transfers can
also be minimised.
Outline
Heat Integration
Design Procedure for MUMNE (Minimum
Utility, Minimum Number of
Exchangers)
- Temperature interval diagram
- Cascade diagram
- Temperature Enthalphy diagram
- Minimum number of heat exchangers
- Design above and below pinch
Heat
Integration
There is a rigorous
methodology
We will learn MUMNE
Not necessarily
unlikel to be)
(Minimum
(and
y
Utility, Minimum Number
of
economic
2012
Design
1.
determine
2.
3.
temperatures,
Procedure
values, and
Cp
all
heat
Complete
energy
balance
on
all
Choose minimum approach temperature.
streams
to
fows.
Typically,
this
is between
5C andinterval
20C, but any Eac
positive
Complete
temperature
stream
isisdrawn
and
The heat fow each
number
valid.
diagram,
h
labeled.
in
interval is calculated.
2012
Design Procedure (continued 1)

4.
5.
Complete the cascade

The energy
or deficit is calculated for each interval on the
diagram.
excess
temperature interval diagram.
Find the minimum hot and cold utility

6. requirements and identify the pinch
temperature.
Complete
the composite
diagram Thisis a
T-Q diagram
the entire
temperature enthalpy
.
for
process
.
Copyright - R. Turton and J.

Shaeiwitz,
Design Procedure (continued

7.
2)
exchangers required above and

8.
the pinch.
Desig
the heat exchange network.
below
Determine the minimum number of heat
n
r

Shaeiwitz,
Example
Problem
Stream Properties for Example Problems
Tin
200
Tout
120
kW/C
3
Q
kW
240
140
100
200
100
170
-210
110
190
-160
Stream
mC p
Net
heat
fow
70

2012
1.
2.
Example Problem (continued

mC p is
or Q is given
missing These are
1)
calculated from the energy
The
and
. be given in
The
value
of
Q
might
not
convention is positive for heat available from
balance.
sign
above table,
a
Choose the minimum
temperature For
stream and negative for heat needed by a
approach
.
stream.
this problem, it is 10C.

2012
3.

2)
highest temperature
The heat fow

m C p T interval
Draw
and label
the temperature
each interval
is calculated
, where
interval.
for
diagram.
the sum is over all stream existin in
from, Q
interval
Label the intervals
with
A for the
s beginning
g
that
.

2012
10
Example Problem (continued 3)

4. In this temperature interval diagram,
each process stream is represented by a
vertical line with an arrow at the end
indicating the direction of temperature
change.
5. Horizontal lines are then drawn through
the ends of the vertical lines to divide
the diagram into temperature intervals.

2012
11

Shaeiwitz,
12

6.
Draw the cascade

This represents
cascade of heat fowing down from high to
diagram.
the
temperatures. Add utilities
where
Labe
low
the heat
The net utility fow should
needed.
with the net heat fow on the earlier l
fows.
agree
table.

2012
13
Cascad Diagra
A m
e
20
Hot
Utility
60
20
B
-80
Pinch
Temp
130140C
C
60
60
D
20
80
E
50
13
0
Cold
Utility

2012
14
7. On the cascade diagram,

there will be a location
where
the
heat-fow
cascade is not continuous.
This represents the pinch
temperature
8.

diagram This provides useful
but it is
6)
not require to solv the problem
.Construct
information,
the composite temperature
d
e
.
enthalpy

2012
15
Example Problem(continued 7)
interval
E
D
C
B
A
T Hot Q
(C)
100
110
120
140
180
200
(kW)
50
100
260
380
440
Cold
Q
(C)
90
100
110
130
170
190

2012
(kW)
30
130
330
370
16
lower end
In the table, the temperature shown is from

of the
The Q values are obtained
the
summing
C pm
T existing on the interval and adding
all
interval.
by
previous
The temperature difference to
is the
it
that
The C mp value
is the
of all existin
interval.
for
stream on that interval.
interval.
sum
g
s

Shaeiwitz,
17

8)
The hot and cold stream lines are plotted,
as shown on the following figure. Clearly,
there is a temperature cross, so the cold
stream line is shifted to the right until the
minimum approach temperature of 10C
exists at one point. (It could exist at
more than one point by coincidence.) For
Turton and J. Shaeiwitz,
18
this problem,Copyright
all Q- R. values
for the cold
2012
QH=60
200
180
T(C)
160
140
10C - minimum
approach temp.
120
100
Qc=130
0
500
100
600
200
300
Q(kW)
hot stream
cold stream
cold stream
adjusted

Shaeiwitz,
400

7. The easiest way to determine the
minimum number of heat exchangers is to
draw boxes to represent the heat available
in each stream and from the utilities both
above and below the pinch. This identifies
the minimum number, but not necessarily
the correct stream matches. The correct
number of heat exchangers is the number
of process streams + the number of utility
streams 1.
above pinch - 3 exchangers

1
HU
60
60
below pinch - 4 exchangers
180
60
120
60
60
200
30
40
130
CU
12
12
90
40
130
Each arrow identifies one heat exchanger,

Total number of arrows is total number of heat exchangers,
but not necessarily the correct stream matches.
Top number in a box is stream number.
Bottom number in a box i s energy in the stream.
Number on arrow is energy transferred in a heat exchanger.
HU : Hot Utility
CU : Cold Utility
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21

8.
10)
exactly, one fewer exchanger may
to
Note that if a direct match is found,
be possible. However, be careful,
i.e.,
where sets of two streams match
appear
minimum approach temperatur maybe
heat fows the
e
violated.

2012
22

9.
There
11)
may not be unique streams here. The
Design
heatatexchange
network.
design isthe
started
the pinch and
you
any
workstreams that exist at the
streams
pinch,
away
can
from
m C pHthe pinch.
m C pC Above the pinch,
for only be matched such that
2012
23

10
.
12)
When dealing with streams away
temperatures are valid.If the criterion
from the pinch, this criterion is no
the pinch appears impossible to satisfy,
longer needed. Any at
streams can be
matched
asbe
long
streams can
splitas
to the
satisfy the
criterion.
2012
24

Shaeiwitz,
25

13)
11. From the previous diagram, stream
1 can be matched with stream 3 or
4. Note that, for this step, only
streams that are present at the
pinch are considered.
12. The next step is to transfer heat
from hot to cold stream by placing
a heat exchanger (1) in the
temperature diagram.

Shaeiwitz,
26

14)
13. Heat exchanger (1) transfers Q1=
120 from stream 1 to stream 3.
This fulfils requirement of stream
3.
14. There is still remaining Q2 = 60 in
stream 1 which can be transferred
to stream 4 by adding another heat
exchanger (2) as in the following
diagram.

Shaeiwitz,
27

15)
15. Next, heat exchanger (3) is used
to transfer Q3 = 60 from Hot
Utilities to Stream 3.

Shaeiwitz,
28

16.
16)
The same procedure is done below the
pinch, except that the criterion is
17. Streams are matched and heat exchangers are
mC p H mC pC
added until all required heat transfer is

accomplished. The entire network, both above
and below the pinch, can then be represented on
2012
29

Shaeiwitz,
30

Shaeiwitz,
31

Shaeiwitz,
32
In-
Example
Stream Properties for In-class Example Problem

Stream
class
m
Problem
Tin
Tout
Cp
kJ/kgC
250
100
kg/s
1
280
120
100
200
120
230

2012
33
In-class Example
Problem
a. minimum hot and cold utility
Determine
(minimum approach T =
b consumption
20C)
.
pinch temperatures
c
minimum number of heat
. design of heat exchange network
d.
exchangers
and
above
required above and below the pinch
2012
34

Shaeiwitz,
35
Cascad Diagra
e
m
A
120
12
B0
0
Hot
Utility
40
12
C 0
-160
Pinch
Temp
120140C
D
60
60
E
20
80
Cold
Utility

2012
36
above pinch - 4 exchangers

1
110
560
10
110
HU
40
550
40
160
550
below pinch - 2 exchangers, if possible

80
40
1
40
80

Shaeiwitz,
sp lit
Shaeiwitz,
38

Shaeiwitz,
39

Shaeiwitz,
40

Shaeiwitz,
41
Summar
y
Heat Exchange Networks
Well-established procedure
Not necessarily (and unlikely to be)

economic optimum but a very good
Straight
when
startingforward,
point but must be
careful
matching streams at pinch
Different correct
answers
Copyright - R. Turton
and J. Shaeiwitz,
2012
42

Chapter 15 - Heat Exchanger Networks - I

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Chapter 15 - Heat Exchanger Networks - I

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Chapter 15 Pinch

Copyright - R. Turton and J. Shaeiwitz,

The Need to Heat and Cool Process

Heat exchange networks

It saves money to match

Copyright - R. Turton and J. Shaeiwitz,

The Concept of Heat Integration

Design Procedure (continued 1)

Complete the cascade

Find the minimum hot and cold utility

Copyright - R. Turton and J.

Design Procedure (continued

exchangers required above and

Copyright - R. Turton and J.

Copyright - R. Turton and J. Shaeiwitz,

Example Problem (continued

Copyright - R. Turton and J. Shaeiwitz,

Example Problem (continued

The heat fow

Copyright - R. Turton and J. Shaeiwitz,

Example Problem (continued 3)

Copyright - R. Turton and J. Shaeiwitz,

Copyright - R. Turton and J.

Example Problem (continued 4)

Draw the cascade

Copyright - R. Turton and J. Shaeiwitz,

Copyright - R. Turton and J. Shaeiwitz,

Example Problem (continued 5)

7. On the cascade diagram,

Example Problem (continued

Copyright - R. Turton and J. Shaeiwitz,

Copyright - R. Turton and J. Shaeiwitz,

Example Problem (continued 8)

In the table, the temperature shown is from

Copyright - R. Turton and J.

Example Problem (continued

Copyright - R. Turton and J.

Example Problem (continued 9)

above pinch - 3 exchangers

below pinch - 4 exchangers

Each arrow identifies one heat exchanger,

Example Problem (continued

Copyright - R. Turton and J. Shaeiwitz,

Example Problem (continued

Example Problem (continued

Copyright - R. Turton and J.

Example Problem (continued

Copyright - R. Turton and J.

Example Problem (continued

Copyright - R. Turton and J.

Example Problem (continued

Copyright - R. Turton and J.

Example Problem (continued

17. Streams are matched and heat exchangers are

added until all required heat transfer is

Copyright - R. Turton and J.

Copyright - R. Turton and J.

Copyright - R. Turton and J.

Stream Properties for In-class Example Problem

Copyright - R. Turton and J. Shaeiwitz,